SAL 



538 



SAL 



Saline* 



1) 



tfahcoats 



We shall now conclude this article with an account 

 of the results obtained by Dr. Henry of Manchester, 

 from an accurate analysis of various kinds of foreign 

 and domestic salt, which we have extracted from his 

 interesting paper on the subject, published in the Phi- 



losophical Transactions for 1810. From these results 

 it will be seen, that foreign salt, in favour of which a 

 prejudice has so long existed, in place of being superior 

 to the Cheshire salt, is really inferior to it in those point* 

 on which its primary quality depends. 



One Hundred Parts by Weight consul of 



Besides the works quoted under the different arti- 

 cles referred to in this work, the following books may be 

 consulted. 



Ludolf, Hisloria Ethiopica. Brownrigg's Art of 

 making Common Salt, 1748. Watson's Chemical Essays, 

 vol. ii. Fossombroni on Salt Works, in the Mem. So- 

 ciel. Italian, vol. vii. p. 57- Lee on enclosing a Salt 

 Marsh, Transactions of the Society of Arts, vol. viii. p. 

 114. Philosophical Transactions, No. 61. and 413. 

 Wraxall's Memoirs of the Courts of Berlin, Dresden, 

 Warsaw, 8?c. Leigh's History of Lancashire. Masson, 

 Phil. Trans, vol. Ixvi. p. 297. Dr. Henry, Phil. Trans. 

 1810. Dr. Rensselaer's Essay on Salt, New York, 

 1823; and Dr. Brewster's Edinburgh Journal of Sci- 

 ence, vol. i. p. 384; and vol. iv. 



SALTNESS OF THE SEA IN DIFFERENT LATITUDES. 

 See PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY, Vol. XVI. p. 519. 



SALTS, FRLGORIFIC. See COLD, Vol. VI. p. 734. 

 SALTASH, a borough and market town of Eng- 

 land, in the county of Cornwall, is situated on the de- 

 clivity of a steep hill, near the western bank of the 

 Tamar, from which the principal street ascends with 

 a steep ascent. Besides this there are other two streets, 

 which are narrow and indifferently built. The houses, 

 which are built of stone quarried out of the founda- 

 tions, are one above another on the face of the hill, 

 on the summit of which the mayoralty hall and the 

 chapel are built. The mayoralty hall, erected above 

 fifty years ago, is supported by pillars, the open space 

 below being appropriated for the accommodation of 

 the market people. There are here meeting-houses for 

 Baptists and Wesleyan Methodists ; and a small free 

 school, said to have been founded by Queen Elizabeth. 

 The ferry over the Tamar, the privilege of dredging 

 for oysters, and certain duties payable by masters of 

 ships, produce an annual revenue of about 300 to the 

 corporation. 



The village of St. Stephen's, where the church of the 

 parish to which Saltash belongs stands, is about a mile 

 to the south-west. The church is a spacious structure, 

 with a lofty tower at its west end. In the vicinity are 

 the remains of that almost unfrequented fortress, Tre- 

 maton castle. The inhabitants of Saltash are chiefly 

 fishermen. The town sends two members to parlia- 

 ment. Population about 1 1 50. 



SALTCOATS, a seaport town of Scotland, in the 



5 



parishes of Ardrossan and Stevenston, and county of 

 Ayr, situated on the eastern coast of the Firth of Clyde. 

 About 140 years ago it consisted only of a few houses ; 

 but it now contains several street?, with excellent, hand- 

 some, and even elegant houses. There is here a Relief 

 meeting-house, and also places of worship for Burgh- 

 ers and Antiburghers. As the salt water is here re- 

 markably pure, from there being no rivulet within 

 five miles of the place, Saltcoats is much resorted to for 

 sea-bathing. The harbour, which is safe and commo- 

 dious, has good quays and piers, admits vessels of 100 

 tons fully loaded, and can contain twenty or thirty of 

 them. In the year 181.Q, 612 tons of salt were made at 

 the salt pans here. In the same year, the shipping be- 

 longing to the port amounted to 35 vessels, navigated 

 by 234 sailors, and containing 3324 tons. There wa? 

 also exported 14,346 tons of coal, and imported 2047 

 quarters of grain. Ship-building was formerly carried 

 on here to a considerable extent ; but at present little 

 business is done in it. There is here a chemical work 

 for making magnesia and epsom salts. Population 

 about 3413. 



SALVADOR, ST. or BAHIA, a large and wealthy 

 city of Brazil, situated at the entrance of All Saint's 

 Bay. The city consists of two parts, one built on low 

 ground near the shore, and consisting of streets filled 

 with storehouses, &c. the other on a high hill, which is 

 inhabited by all the principal people. The streets are 

 very narrow, ill-paved, and dirty, especially the backs of 

 them, which are the receptacles for the most intoler- 

 able filth. The principal squares are, the Royal Square, 

 contiguous to the palace, and the square of the Jesuits. 

 The governor's palace, an old and paltry building, oc- 

 cupies one side of the Royal Square ; and the mint and 

 public offices the opposite side. The court-house stands 

 on the third side, and the senate hall and the prison 

 occupy the fourth side. The buildings of the city are 

 ill constructed, and rapidly decaying. The houses have 

 all latticed windows and balconies. The principal pub- 

 lic buildings are the churches. The cathedral, which 

 is on a great scale, is felling into decay. The college, 

 and archiepiscopal palace adjoining to it, which are 

 finely situated on the summit of the hill, are kept in 

 good repair. The handsomest structure in St. Salva- 

 dor is the great church of the ex-Jesuits. It is built 

 wholly of marble, brought over from Europe at a great 



