SAN 



strait about two leagues wide, called the Circat Bogaz, 

 in which there is good anchorage, and which is nnxli 

 frequented by ships from Constantinople to Syria and 

 ;.t. Samos contains two rangev of lofty mountains, 

 B parts of which are rocky and bleak, while others 

 arc covered with trees and display n.iich picturesque 

 and beautiful scenery. The plains" which lie between 

 these ranges are rich and well cultivated, and produce 

 in abundance, grain, vines, melons, hntiU, French 

 beans, &c. The bread is made of equal parts of wheat, 

 barley, and white millet. A great deal of pitch is 

 made from the pine trees. The hone\ and wax of Sa- 

 mos are in great request. Cattle are bred in Sumos ; 

 but the goats are more numerous than the sheep. 

 There are in Samos, horses, wild boars, and some deer; 

 partridges, woodcocks, snipes, thrushes, wood pigeons, 

 turtle doves, wheat-ears, &c. 



Among the natural productions of the island are, 

 lead, silver, and some say gold, iron, corundum or 

 emery stone, white marble, and abundance of ochre. 

 The muscadine wines of Samos are said to possess the 

 qualities of those of Cyprus, when properly managed. 



The principal town of the island is Vahti on the 

 north side of it, which has a large and commodious 

 harbour. About two leagues from Cora, which bears 

 the title of the capital, are the remains of the ancient 

 city of Samos. The walls of the ancient city still re- 

 main, composed externally of white marble, the middle 

 space being filled up with small stones. Their thick- 

 ness varies from ten to fifteen feet, and they are cover- 

 ed at top with large hewn stones. The square towers 

 upon them are not above fifteen feet high. Here are 

 the remains of a theatre, 240 feet wide, and having the 

 space for the seats eighty feet broad. The seats were 

 not built on arches but on the sides of the hill. Seve- 

 ral of the faces and pedestals of the celebrated temple 

 of Juno still remain half buried in the ground, and 

 there is an entire shaft still remaining. The capitals 

 appear to have been Doric. Dr. Pocock saw part of a 

 large statue of grey marble which seemed to be very 

 fine, but it had neither legs nor arms. On the west 

 side of the town are to be seen the ruins of several 

 very considerable buildings. 



Samos is reckoned the noblest island in the archipe- 

 lago. It exports about 22,000 castors of grapes, about 

 15,000 barrels of raisins, and wine in such quantities 

 that the duty amounts to 36,000 piastres. The other 

 duties amount to about 1:2,000. 



Although the island is under the power of a gover- 

 nor appointed by the Porte, who pays 180 purses for 

 his office, yet the island is under the jurisdiction of 

 three chiefs chosen annually, elected by three persons 

 from each village called primates. There are about 

 eighteen large and twenty small villages, and the po- 

 pulation of the island, according to Mr. Turner, is about 

 60,000. East Long. 16 50'. North Lat. .'37 43'. 



SAMSOON, the ancient Amisus, is a sea-port town 

 of Asiatic Turkey. It is situated near the west end 

 of a bay of the Black Sea, about four miles long, and 

 embosomed in groves of olive trees The houses, 

 which are of wood plastered with mud, are white- 

 washed. It is surrounded with a ruinous wall, and 

 contains five mosques with minarets, and a large 'khan 

 for the use of the merchants who trade with Constan- 

 tinople and the Black Sea. The surrounding villages 

 are inhabited by Christians. The inhabitants of the 

 town, who are principally Turks, amount to 2000. 



SANA, a city of Arabia in the province of Yemen, 

 situated in a stony valley, and surrounded with elevated 



SAN 



hills. It is considered one of the handsomest cities in 

 Asia. It is said to be larger than Bristol, but le* po- 

 pulous, from the number of gardens within its walls. 

 1'here are many handsome houtes built ot otone and of 

 brick, and numerous mosques, palaces, and public 

 baths. The city is surrounded with a strong wall of 

 mud. Many different -p< cies of grapes are *aid to be 

 cultivated htre, and there is a great exportation of rai- 

 sins. An interesting account c.t .r's visit to 

 Sana, and of the state of the city at that time will be 

 found in his travels. East Long. 44 9*. North Lat. 

 15 20'. 



SAN DA, a small island of Scotland in the county of 

 Argyle, and on the coast of Kintyre. It is about a 

 mile and a half long, and half a mile broad. Along 

 with the islets on the east of it, it forms a good pastu- 

 rage for sheep. Paterson's Hock, a dangerous sunken 

 rock about a mile in circuit, lies to the south-east of 

 Sanda. The ruins of an old Popish chapel, dedicated 

 to St. Columba still exist on the island. 



SANDEY. See ORKNEY ISLANDS, Vol. XVI. p. 

 8. col. 2. 



SANDWICH, a borough town of England in Kent, 

 is situated on the river Stour, about two miles south 

 from Sandwich haven. The town, which lias a very 

 ancient aspect, is irregularly built, and consists of 

 streets and lanes that are both narrow and inconveni- 

 ent. A considerable part of its walls still remain, but 

 all the gates have been taken down excepting Fisher- 

 gate, which opens to the river. The principal public 

 edifices are, the three parish churches, the guild or 

 court hall, and the free grammar school. St. Clement's 

 church, which is a very spacious building, has a mas- 

 sive tower rising from four semicircular arches in the 

 centre of the building. It contains numerous sepul- 

 chral inscriptions. St. Peter's church possesses several 

 ancient tombs supporting effigies. St. Mary's church 

 is a large building, consisting of a nave, chancel, and 

 north aisles, and contains many sepulchral monuments. 



The guild hall, built in 1579. has the court hall in 

 its lower story, and the council chamber in its upper 

 one. Besides the free grammar school, there is here a 

 charity school for thirty boys and thirty girls. There 

 are also three hospitals for aged poor. Sandwich is 

 governed by a mayor, twelve jurats, twenty -four com- 

 mon councdmen, a steward, recorder, townclerk, \c 

 It sends two members to Parliament, who are chosen 

 by 850 voters. 



Shipbuilding and ropemaking are carried on here to 

 a considerable extent. The principal exports C 

 of grain, flax, corn, seeds, hops, wool, malt, apples, 

 pears, leather, oakbark, ashes, c. The imports art- 

 groceries, furniture, linen, woollen, and other shop* 

 goods from London, iron, plank, spars, timber, lead ; 

 coals, salt, wines, spirits, glass, grindstones, ike. from 

 Wales, Scotland, Norway, Sweden, and the Baltic. 

 Population about 3000. See the BcamUet of England 

 and Wales, Vol. vii. 



SANDWICH ISLANDS, a groupe of islands in 

 the Pacific Ocean, discovered by C'aptain Cook and 

 Captain King in 1778, and so named in honour o! the 

 Earl of Sandwich. They were again visited by Cap- 

 tain King in 1779, and afi; :>y Vancouver, 

 Meares, Turnbull, and other navigators. The following 

 is a list of them, with their position and population : 



Fjut Long. North Lat. PopuUtiuo. 

 f North Point 



iSouih Point 201 15 18 



East Point 2i>.j 6 19 



Karakakoa Bay SI i 19 



ft*|. 



B 



Owhyhoe. 



i i-**. 



" 1 



[ 150,000 



88 3 



