SCOTLAND. 



Hutory. 



A.D. 1308. 



A.D. 



A. D. 1310. 

 A.D. 1311. 



A.D. 1314, 



Battle of 

 Bannock, 

 burn. 



A.D. 1315 



tion in Scotland , but he died as toon as he came in 

 sight of the country, ordering that his corpse should 

 ;i;;ny the army into Scotland, and remain tin- 

 buried until it should be subdued. J'.dward the- Second, 

 who >ucceeded his father, marched into Scotland ; and 

 h.ivinjj advanced as far as the frontiers of Ayrshire, 

 returned to England. Pembroke was superseded in 

 his command as guardian of Scotland, and the earl of 

 Richmond was appointed in his room. Bruce now 

 made an unsuccessful attempt upon (ialloway. He 

 was more fortunate in the north oi Scotland, which he 

 overran without opposition. 



The ensuing year, he defeated another army com- 

 manded by Buchanan and Mow bray, near Inverury in 

 Aberdeenshire. Though then labouring under a se- 

 vere disease, he led on his troops, and routed the 

 enemy. The castle of Aberdeen was stormed, the 

 garri.-on were put to the sword, and the fortifications 

 razed. His brother Edward invaded Galloway, and 

 subdued the country ; and the Lord of Lorn was chas- 

 tised for his treatment of Robert after the battle of 

 Methven. In the mean time, by the mediation of 

 Philip, king of France, a truce was concluded, in 

 which neither party was very sincere. An ill-con- 

 certed expedition was made by the English monarch. 

 He penetrated to Renfrew, but the Scots avoided the 

 encounter, and he retired to Berwick. 



Robert now resolved to transfer the war to England, 

 and ravaged the county of Durham. After his return, 

 he besieged and took the town of Perth, which was 

 plundered and burnt. The Scots again invaded Eng- 

 land, and desolated the county of Durham. The cas- 

 tles of Roxburgh and Edinburgh were taken by sur- 

 prise. Many other fortresses in the southern counties 

 were won by the Scots. With his success, the num. 

 ber of Bruce's partisans increased, and he invaded 

 Cumberland, and plundered the Isle of Man. 



Stirling castle was besieged by Edward Bruce, the 

 king's brother. Edward made vigorous preparations 

 ibr relieving it, he ordered a fleet to be assembled for 

 invading Scotland, and the whole force of England 

 was ordered to meet the king at Berwick. Bruce ap- 

 pointed a general rendezvous of his forces at the Tor- 

 wood, between Falkirk and Stirling. Their number 

 was about 30,000, besides an undisciplined multitude 

 of about 15,000. The Scots posted themselves at Ban- 

 nockburn, about two miles from Stirling ; and after a 

 warm action, the English fled with precipitation ; and 

 Edward, pursued by Douglas with sixty horsemen, 

 rode to Linlithgow, nor was he allowed a moment's 

 respite until he reached Dunbar, sixty miles from the 

 field of battle. He was there received by the earl of 

 March, who conveyed him by sea into England. Stir- 

 ling castle immediately surrendered ; and Mowbray, 

 the governor, entered into the service of Robert. 

 Robert now conceived the opportunity favourable for 

 settling the succession to the crown. 



For this purpose, a parliament assembled at Ayr, 

 and unanimously resolved that the king's legitimate 

 male issue should succeed to the crown agreeably to 

 the laws of succession ; that, in the event of that issue 

 becoming extinct, the succession should devolve on 

 his brother Edward, and descend to his legitimate male 

 issue ; and tailing these, to the king's daughter Mar- 

 jory. 



The Irish of Ulster, dissatisfied with the English 

 government, implored theaidofthekingof the Scots, and 

 offered to acknov. ledge his brother as their sovereign. But 



587 



the arms of Edward Bruce were attended with little Binary. 



success in Ireland, ami the king of Scot* resolved to *~ 



conduct in person a reinforcement to hit aid ; but t. 



expedition was fruitles*, and Robert returned home t 



the exprnce of the lives of many of his subjects. The 



earl ofArundel invaded the tiret of .Icdhurgh, but 



was defeated by Douglas. An F.nglith fleet in the 



Frith of Forth, disembarked a body of troopi. The 



earl of Fife, with five hundred men, aided by Sinclair, 



Bishop of Dunkeld, charged the enemy, and pursued 



them to their ships. A It. 1317 



Berwick was soon after taken after a short siege, and 

 the Scots made successive incursions into England. 

 With the view of intimidating them, the Pope ordered 

 his legates in England to excommunicate Bruce and 

 his adherents, but the latter treated the pontiffs man* 

 date with contumacy. 



K-lward Bruce was slain near Dundalk, and it be- A.D. 131ft 

 came necessary to make new regulations with respect 

 to the royal succession. For this purpose, a parliament 

 assembled at Scone, and promisee! to assist the king in 

 the defence of the rights and liberties of Scotland, 

 against all persons, however eminent in power, autho- 

 rity, and dignity. In the event of Bruce's death with- 

 out male issue, they enacted, that the right of succes- 

 sion should descend to Robert Stewart, the king's grand- 

 son, by his daughter Marjory. 



Edward of England, having secured domestic peace, 

 determined to regain Berwick. As the Scots could 

 not with any probability of success attack the English 

 camp, they determined to make a diversion in England. 

 Randolph and Douglas entered it by the west marches. 

 wasted Yorkshire, and defeated the archbishop of 

 York. The news of this defeat induced the English 

 to discontinue the siege of Berwick. Randolph and 

 Douglas returned home, and commissioners were ap- 

 pointed by both nations, who concluded a treaty for 

 two years. 



A conspiracy, of which little is known, was disco- A.D.13M. 

 vered abour this time, and the English monarch, having 

 crushed his rebellious subjects, prepared to invade 

 Scotland. The Scots meanwhile penetrated into Lan- 

 cashire, and returned home loaded with booty. 



Upon the approach of the English, Robert ordered A D. 13t*. 

 all effects of value to be removed from Merse and Lo- 

 thian, and retired with his army to Culross. The 

 English advanced as far as Edinburgh without seeing 

 an enemy ; and, in their retreat, they plundered the 

 abbeys of Holy rood and Melrose, burnt the abbey of 

 Dryburgh, and slew many monks. The Scots in their 

 turn invaded the enemy's country, and nearly sur- 

 prised Edward at the abbey of Biland ; but a treaty of 

 peace for thirteen years suspended the calamities of war. A -D. 13*3. 



Edward the Second was deposed by the English A. U. 1320. 

 parliament. His son, Edward the Third, succeeded Deppritioo 

 him, and ratified the truce which his father had made. * 

 Hostilities recommenced before the extirpation of the e ^' r , 

 treaty, and Randolph and Douglas invaded England 

 with an army of 20,000 cavalry. Edward, at the head 

 of 50,000 men, advanced to meet the enemy. After 

 harassing his army for some time in a fruitless chase, 

 he crossed the Tyne, but was compelled to return 

 southwards, as the country could yield no subsistence 

 to his troops. After being nearly surprised in his camp 

 by the Scots, the English government was induced 

 to think seriously of peace. As the basis of a treaty, it 

 was proposed that the Princess Joan of England should 

 marry David, the young prince of Scotland. The 



1327 



