SCI 



SCIO, the capital of the island of the same name, is 

 situated on its eastern coast. It is built at the foot of 

 t j ie mounta ; ns on w hich the old town or Palaio Castro 

 stood. The streets though narrow are always paved 

 and tolerably clean. Many of the houses are hand- 

 fcome, and all of them are high, and are built of stone 

 and brick. A hard reddish sandstone, of a fine grain, 

 is employed for the lintels and rybats, and for the 

 porches of churches, c. In the centre of the houses 

 it is customary to have a lofty and spacious apartment, 

 to which the members resort in sultry weather during 

 the heat -of noon. 



The castle, which is a large Venetian fort, was used 

 as a sort of state prison for Constantinople ; but it is 

 now in a ruinous condition. The fortifications though 

 regular are ancient, and with the exception of those 

 on the battery, which defends the entrance to the har- 

 bour, the gnns are without carriages. There is a good 

 road for large vessels, but the harbour which is shel- 

 tered by a mole, can receive vessels only when they 

 are unloaded. 



The Lazaretto stands to the north of the town, in an 

 extensive inclosure towards the sea. It consists of va- 

 rious piles of building separated from one another, 

 some intended for the sick, and others for the convale- 

 scent. There is also an hospital for lepers, situated to 

 the N.N.W. of the town, in a narrow valley, which is 

 under the direction of two intendants of health, elected 

 annually for the purpose of taking charge of it and 

 the Lazaretto. 



On the west and north-west, the town is surrounded 

 by arid schistose and granitic hills. Population, ac- 

 cording to Mr. Turner^ 35,000. East Long. 25 54'. 

 North Lat. 38 23' 27". 



SCIOTO, the name of a county, a township, and a 

 river in the United States. The county is bounded on 

 the south by the Ohio, on the east by Gallia, on the 

 north by Ross and Pike, and on the west by Adams. 

 It contains nine counties, and a population of 3399- 

 The hills near the Ohio are covered with white oak and 

 hickory, and are suitable to pasturage and wheat. 

 Turkey and Pine creeks have many fine situations 

 for mills which are but partially improved. Portsmouth 

 is the principal town of the county. 



The Scioto river rises near 40 30' of North Lat. not 

 far from the Round-heads' Indian town, and flowing 

 through Great Prairie, takes an eastern direction to be- 

 low the Sandusky plains, whence it runs south through 

 the middle of the state of Ohio, irrigating some of the 

 most fertile lands, and falling into the Ohio in North 

 Lat. 38 34-'. It is navigable by large barges for 200 

 miles, with a portage of only four miles to the Sandusky. 

 Through the Sandusky and Scioto lies the most com- 

 mon pass from Canada to the Ohio and Misissippi, one 

 of the most useful and extensive communications that 

 exist in any country. The Soioto flows with a gentle 

 current, which is nowhere broken by falls. It has 

 three considerable western branches, Paint, Deer, and 

 Darby's creeks ; and on the east Big Belly and Whet- 

 stone Creek. The Little Scioto river is a small stream, 

 which falls into the Ohio eastward, and twenty miles 

 below the Scioto. 



SCIPIO. See CARTHAGE and ROME. 



SCLAVONIA. One of the southern provinces of 

 the Austrian empire. It is long and narrow, but wi- 

 dening towards the west. It is separated from Hun- 

 gary on the north, by the Drave and by the Danube 

 after it receives the Drave. On the south it is separated 



*600 SCI 



from Bavaria in Turkey by the Save, a large river 

 which falls into the Danube at Belgrade, the most 

 eastern point of Sclavonia. 



Sclavonia contains the regimental districts of Peter- 

 waradin, Brod and GradUca. It is about 150 miles 

 long, and its breadth varies from 25 to 45 miles. Its 

 area is about 6600 square miles, and its population is 

 about 530,000. 



A chain of high mountains extends along the whole 

 length of Sclavonia. These mountains desc >nd into 

 fertile plains on the banks of the Drave, the Danube, 

 and the Save. The mountains are covered with 

 forests containing the finest oaks, while the plains 

 produce wheat, barley, maize, flax, hemp, and mad- 

 der. Tiie fruits of a warm climate are here abund- 

 ant. Cattle and sheep though numerous are not much 

 attended to. Among the wild animals are the wolf, 

 the boar, the fox, and the vulture. The prevail- 

 ing minerals are limestone, sulphur, coal, salt, and 

 some iron. 



The inhabitants belong chiefly to the Greek church. 

 There is a considerable number of Catholics, but no 

 Lutherans. 



Manufactures are here in a very low state, and even 

 the soil is cultivated in a slovenly and ignorant man- 

 ner. Corn, tobacco, hides, wax, honey, and madder 

 are exported in small quantities. The imports are 

 iron, salt, and oil. 



The condition of the people has improved since the 

 country came under the dominion of Austria. Some 

 of the public roads are improved, and it is probable 

 that greater advances will soon be made in civilizing 

 the people and ameliorating their condition. 



SCOMBER. See ICHTHYOLOGY. 



SCONE, the name of a village and parish of Scot- 

 land, in the county of Perth. It is situated on the 

 banks of the Tay above Perth. The remains of the 

 palace of Scone, once the residence of our kings, and 

 the place of their coronation, are incorporated with a 

 large and elegant modern mansion recently erected 

 by the Earl of Mansfield. It is built of red free- 

 stone, and stands in a fine lawn on the northern 

 bank of the Tay. The population of the parish in 

 1821 was 2155, be ing an increase of 202 since 1811, 

 in consequence partly of the establishment of a bleach 

 field. 



SCOPELO, SCOPOLI, the Scopelos of the ancients, is 

 the chief of a group of islands situated near the coast of 

 Greece. These islands are Pelagnesi, Serakino, DromJ, 

 Skiato, &c. " Scopoli," says Sonnini, " is fertile, and 

 would be an agreeable abode, if it ceased to lose, through 

 the viciousness of its administration, the favours lavish- 

 ed on it by nature. The wine of Scopoli is still one 

 of the best of the Archipelago ; but a strong flavour of 

 tar renders it unpalatable to many. Off the town, or 

 rather the village, ships find a harbour which is not 

 very safe ; they in general prefer the anchorage of a 

 great road formed by a few shoals and the island of 

 Scopoli." The nearest of this group to the coast is 

 Skiato, which is separated from Scopoli by a channel 

 two leagues wide, and from the mainland by a channel 

 not much wider. In the middle of the isle of Dromi 

 are two or three rocks called the Brothers. Between 

 Serakino and Scopoli a mountain rises in the midst of 

 the waters, called St. Elias. See Sonnini's Travels, 

 chap. xl. p. 535, 536. 



SCORPIO. See ASTRONOMY, Vol. I. p. 768. 



SCOTIA NOVA. See NOVA SCOTIA. 



Scomber 



