630 



SCOTLAND. 



Statistics. 



Sulphate- 



carbonate of 



lead. 



Cupreous- 



sulphato- 



carbonate of 



lead. 



Cupreous 

 sulphate of 

 lead. 



Barystron- 

 tianite. 



Brewsterite. 



Heuland- 

 tite. 



Thomson- 

 ite. 



Edington- 

 ite. 



Withamitr. 



Datholite. 



Chromate 

 of iron. 



Copper. 



Prismatoi- 

 dal anti- 

 mony 

 glance. 



Silver. 



Lead, sul- 

 phuret of. 



Sulphate of 

 lead. 



Carbonate 

 of lead. 



2. SULPHATO-CARBONATE OF LEAD. 



At Leadhills, in columnarly aggregated crystals. 



3. CUPREOUS-SULPHATO-CARBONATE OP LEAD. 



At Leadhills along with the preceding species. 



4. CUPREOUS SULPHATE OF LEAD. 



At Leadhills along with the preceding species. 



5. BARYSTRONTIANITE. 



In clayslate at Stromness in Orkney. 



6. BREWSTERITE. 



In fine crystals of crystalline coats at Strontian in 

 Argyllshire. 



7- HEULANDTITE. 



In the trap rocks of the Kilpatrick Hills near Dun- 

 barton. 



8. THOMSONITE. 



In the trap rocks of the Kilpatrick Hills. 



9- EDINGTONITE. 



Associated with Thomsonite in the trap rocks of the 

 Kilpatrick Hills. See Dr. Brewster's Edinburgh Jour- 

 nal of Science, Vol. III. p. 316'. 



10. WITHAMITE. 



At Glenco in Argyllshire, in a reddish trap rock. 

 See Dr. Brewster's Edinburgh Journal of Science, Vol. 1 1 . 

 p. 218. 



11. DATHOLITE. 



In Salisbury Craigs, near Edinburgh. 



12. CHROMATE OF IRON. 



In huge masses in the Shetland Isles, viz. Unst and 

 Fetlar. At Portsoy in Banffshire, and in small granu- 

 lar masses in a greenish white marble, at Buchanan in 

 Stirlingshire. 



13. COPPER. 



Blair Logie, and Airthry in Clackmannanshire. In 

 the Qrkney Islands, at Fetlar, &c. 



14. PRISM ATOIDAL ANTIMONY GLANCE. 



In the antimony mine near Langholm in Dumfries- 

 shire, which is no longer wrought. At Leadhills. 



15. SILVER. 



At Alva, in CLACKMANNANSHIRE, which see, in Vol. 

 VI. p. 655, and in Peebles-shire. At Leadhills. 



16. LEAD, SULPHURET OF. 



At Leadhills in LANARKSHIRE, which see, in Vol. 

 XII. p. 514. At Wanlockhead, in DUMFRIES-SHIRE, 

 which see, in Vol. VIII. p. 195. At Strontian in Ar- 

 gyllshire. At Dollar in CLACKMANNANSHIRE, which 

 see, in Vol. VI. p, 655. At all the above places it has 

 been wrought. At Belleville, in Inverness-shire ; and 

 at Leadlaw, in Peebles-shire. 



17- SULPHATE OF LEAD. 



Leadhills, and Wanlockhead. 



18. CARBONATE OF LEAD. 



At Leadhills, and Wanlockhead. 



Statistic*. 



19- COBALT. <*r~v^j 



Along with the silver at Alva. In CLACKMANNAN- Mineral- 

 em RE, which see, in Vol. VI. p. 655. &y- 



Cobalt. 

 20. ARSENIC. 



Ores of arsenic have been found in the Ochills in Arsenic. 

 Clackmannanshire. 



21. LAPIS LAZULI. 



At Leadhills. La P Ia - 



zuh. 



22. ELECTRIC CALAMINE OR SILICEOUS OXIDE OF ZINC. Electric ca 



At Leadhills and Wanlockhead. siliceous" 



oxide of 

 zinc. 

 CHAP. III. AGRICULTURE. 



THE agriculture of Scotland forms an extensive sub- Agricul- 

 ject, from its- variety no less than from its very perfect ture. 

 state, where it is in an improved condition ; but we 

 must attempt to condense, within our very brief space, 

 those practices by which it is particularly distinguished, 

 since the entire subject would occupy a volume, as it 

 has already occupied hundreds. 



We may here distinguish it into the ancient and the 

 modern, not merely because our ancient agriculture is 

 matter of curious history, but because it is not yet ex- 

 pired, maintaining still far too great a hold over the 

 practices of the Highlanders, with whom it chiefly re- 

 mains. 



In the ancient system of Highland agriculture, the Ancient or 

 lands were generally held in runrig, as a few yet are. ^ 

 In this practice many tenants were the joint holders of ^"^ 

 one farm, and their crowded houses formed the towns, 

 which are still to be found in various parts of the coun- 

 try. Each man, separately as well as jointly, was re- 

 sponsible for the whole rent, and the whole was unen- 

 closed, or ill inclosed, and divided into ridges; so that 

 at the expiration of every year every man's lot was in- 

 terchanged. The forcible interchanging has now ceased, 

 though the division into ridges of a common field still 

 continues. This was and is the infield, and is cultivated 

 for ever, having all the manure that can be procured. 

 The outfield is cultivated without manure as long as it 

 produces the seed, and sometimes longer ; and the pas- 

 ture which was formerly an unlimited and free com- 

 mon, is now so far divided that each holder pays a rent 

 per head for all the cattle of whatever class he may put 

 on it ; the numbers being also limited. 



Such is the improved and present runrig system. 

 The cultivation consists chiefly of a rotation of oats and 

 potatoes, sometimes with barley or bear interposed, and 

 very rarely with rye; besides which flax is occasionally 

 cultivated every where. Grass is never sown ; and in 

 this purer system, turnips are unknown, though the 

 turnip cultivation is now becoming a part of the rota- 

 tion, on lands bordering on the lowlands, as pease also 

 are occasionally. In the same lands we also now find 

 clover, and occasionally vetches ; but, in the remoter 

 highlands, these are still unknown. 



All rents are now paid in money, excepting some 

 trifling and occasional dues in kind; and there are few 

 servitudes except in the case of cottars. Yet, as we 

 remarked when on the subject of manufactures, the 

 kelp estates and the fisheries of Shetland and Orkney 

 are wrought as servitudes ; labour being paid in lieu 

 of money, by a special and accurate agreement. In 

 some places, also, particularly where the larger propri- 



