SCOTLAND. 



Sut'utics. 



Agricul- 

 ture. 



TABLE B. 



Account of the Gross Amount of Rent, or .-I initial Value 



<>/ ' Ltindx, including Mines, Qunritcx, Cullirriet, Fish- 



ings, ^c. anil J'll,n.\f,i, in tin- nt'crnl <'t>timi<\ </ 



'it/til, as Astcsxcd under I lie l*i overly Ta.r J'ur l/it 



year ending 5th AJ>I it 1 M 1 . 



Extent and Value of the Mineral Productions rf 

 Scotland in 1814. 



COAL. 



Extent of the coal-field of Scotland in acres 



Annual consumption in acres 



Quantity consumed annually in tons 



Value of the coal annually consumed, at 6s. Sd per ton, 



Expence of labour 5s. lOd. per ton 



Rent to the proprietor lOd. per ton 



LIME. 



Quantity of lime annually made in Scotland 

 Quantity in Winchester bushels, at 4s. per buihcl 

 Value at 2s. 6d. per boll 

 Extent of land annually dressed with hme 



IRON. 



Number of blast furnaces 

 Quantity annually produced in tons 

 Value at 7 per ton 

 Number of persons employed 



600,000 



! 



'9.J 



3,000,000 

 12,000,000 

 375,000 

 100,000 



21 



7650 



LKAD. 



Number of ton* of lead produced annually 

 Annual value at 2 per Km 



130,000 



.,c. 



Annual Value tf the Mineral Production* qf Scotland* 



l.ime 



lion ... . 129. 32O 



I..-..I . . 130,000 



llaneotii article*. . 30,000 



CHAP. IV. COMMEBCK AND 



FHOM the peculiar circumstances in which many of the (OH 

 subjects of this department of our et*ay exist in Soot* and 

 land, and the interest especially attached from local 

 circumstances to those petty and remote ones which 

 possess the least compicuity, it will be convenient to 

 treat a portion of this subject in a geographical order, 

 such as we have adopted for the general description of 

 the country. It is not a matter of slight interest to 

 know those branches of industry by which the com* 

 forts of our remote population are so materially affect- 

 ed, to see how they at present stand, what failures 

 have occurred in attempts to establish them and their 

 causes, and what prospects there are of increasing 

 them with advantage, at least to the local if not to the 

 general community. As we csnnot well keep the two 

 different circumstances of commerce and manufactures 

 separate, where there is so little of either, without en- 

 cumbering ourselves with divisions, we shall, in treat* 

 ing of the remoter districts, unite them. Under this 

 head also, we shall, as far as is necessary, notice some 

 of our principal roads and harbours, as far as they are 

 peculiarly connected with the objects for which they 

 were undertaken. 



Shetland and Orkney. 



The principal manufactures of Shetland must be con- Shetland 

 sidered to consist in its ling fishery. This finds em- and Ork- 

 ployment during its short summer for the chief part of ney- 

 the active population. This fishery is carried on by 

 means of long lines, about thirty miles at sea, and is 

 attended with considerable hazards, though, from the 

 expertness of the boatmen, accidents are extremely 

 rare. The fishery itself is in the hands of the princi- 

 pal gentlemen or landholders, who are also the manu- 

 facturers and merchants ; and the men do not ge- 

 nerally receive wages, but pay a portion of their rents 

 in this labour, winch thus constitutes a species of ser- 

 vitude. Whatever opinion may be entertained gener- 

 ally about this system, it is here not merely convenient 

 but necessary, as there is no surplus produce on these 

 petty farms from which a rent in money could be 

 paid. This ling is nearly all exported to Spain ; but 

 the demand is not sufficient to employ all the labour 

 which could be applied to this object. 



The manufacture of kelp is also pursued in Shet- 

 land, and on the same plan as the fisheries, the market 

 being Leith. In former times there was a considerable 

 manufacture of knitted stockings, carried on chiefly by 

 the women during their other avocations or moments 

 of leisure. The loss, or rather great diminution of this, 

 is much to be regretted, as it was a source of consi- 

 derable profit, without cost, as it may be fairly stated, 

 since it was the occupation of labour which had no 



The chromate of iron, ducovered by Dr. Hibbert in SheUand, and now exported in large <p*ntiUe*, u not included in urn *- 



