SCOTLAND. 



Statistics 



tactures. 



and in 1812, the quantity of cloth stamped of every 

 description exceeded four and a half millions of yards, 

 averaging 14^-d. per yard, and amounting in value to 

 280,000 Sterling. In that county, a considerable 

 quantity of broad linens, ticks, and checks, are made, 

 which are stated at double the price of the coarse fa- 

 brics of Forfarshire ; and also diaper, estimated at 

 from 2s 1 . 6d. to 9 shillings the yard. Of checks, 

 650,000 yards, amounting to 35,000 ; of ticks, 

 540,000 yards, amounting to 46,000 ; besides 42,000 

 yards of diaper, worth nearly 6000 Sterling. The 

 chief seats of these manufactures are Kirkaldy, Dysart, 

 Leslie, and Dunfermline; and this last place is 

 particularly celebrated for its fine diaper. In Perth- 

 shire, a million and a half of yards were stamped, 

 worth about 70,000, of which 25,106 yards were 

 diaper. "In the counties of Aberdeen and Mid- 

 Lothian, about half a million of yards, worth nearly 

 60,000 Sterling, were stamped, of which 6496 yards 

 were diaper, manufactured in the latter county. 



3. The linen cloth manufacture, in the northern 

 and western districts of Scotland, consists chiefly 

 of fine articles. In the shires of Banff, Moray, Inver- 

 ness, Caithness, and in the Orkney and Shetland 

 Islands, the price per yard, when bleached, may be 

 stated at from Is. 6d. to 3s. 6d. the greater proportion 

 being fine qualities. In the counties of Dumfries, Ayr, 

 Dumbarton, Lanark, Renfrew, and Argyle, the price 

 is from 2s. to 4s. 6d. per yard. About 5000 yards of 

 lawn were stamped at Glasgow, value 4s. 6d. per 

 yard; but the amount of the manufacture in the 

 northern and western districts, stamped by the officers 

 of the board of trustees, will not altogether exceed in 

 value 95,000 Sterling for the year 1812. 



The.following table will show the state of the linen 

 trade in Scotland from 1812 to 1823. Since 1822 the 

 stamping of linen has been discontinued, so that we 

 are unable to bring the table down to the present year. 



Account of the Quantity and Value of the Linen Cloth 

 Manufactured and Stamped for Sale in Scotland for 

 ten years preceding the year 1823. 



Canvass. 



Edinburgh, 23d December 1825. Extracted from the Linen 

 Register by G. THOMSON. 



It has been calculated that 76,000 persons are en- 

 gaged in the manufacture of linen and hemp in Scot- 

 land, and that the total value of the manufactured 

 article is 775,000. The average amount of the boun- 

 ties paid on the exportation of linen goods manufac- 

 tured in Scotland is about 46,000 per annum. , 



Canvass.^ The manufacture of canvass, or sailcloth, 

 has been long established in Scotland ; and for many 

 years the royal navy has been chiefly supplied from 

 that part of the kingdom. It is generally made of 



flax yarn, warp, (double,) and hemp yarn woof, Statistics, 

 (single.) This is boiled with potashes, but not 

 bleached. The whole supply of the navy, private 

 shipping, and for exportation, may amount to about 

 6,750,000 yards, value above 300,000 Sterling. 



Tape. The incle, or tape manufacture, was intro- Tape, 

 duced into Scotland in the year 1732, but it has since 

 greatly declined ; and there are now only a few hun- 

 dred incle weavers at work, on either linen, cotton, or 

 woollen. 



Floor-Cloth. The manufacture of floor-cloth is very Floor-cloth, 

 inconsiderable. There are only two looms in Scotland, 

 one of which is at Edinburgh. 



In regard to the value of the linen cloth manufac- 

 ture of Scotland, it cannot be estimated at less than 

 1,400,000 Sterling ; and consequently it is an ob- 

 ject of material national importance. The trade, ow- 

 ing to the war, and the extension of the cotton ma- 

 nufacture, has certainly declined; the quantity stamp- 

 ed in 1810 having exceeded that of 1812 nearly seven 

 and a half millions of yards. The recent introduc- 

 tion, however, of weaving machinery, or what are term- 

 ed power looms, may perhaps give fresh vigour to the 

 linen trade. 



3. Threads.-- -The linen thread manufacture was Threads, 

 introduced into Scotland about the year 1720, and has 

 been since carried on to a great extent in the counties 

 of Aberdeen, Angus, Fife, Perth, Renfrew, Lanark, 

 Mearns, Banff, Moray, and Inverness. This manu- 

 facture is divided into two distinct branches, 1st, Co- 

 loured or dyed. 2d, White or bleached, which are 

 carried on either separately, or united in one manufac- 

 tory. 



Heddles. A considerable quantity of linen yarn is Heddles. 

 still annually made into twine for weavers' heddles ; 

 and although these utensils be sometimes made of 

 cotton, woollen, and silk, yet from 35 to 40,000 wea- 

 vers in Scotland consume flax for that purpose. 



The hemp manufacture consists of three branches : 

 1st, Spinning; 2d, Weaving, or the manufacture of 

 canvass and bagging; 3d, Ropemaking, which includes 

 twine for cording, nets, ropes, cables, &c. 



1. Yarn. It is spun into yarn, either by the com- yarn. 

 mon wheel, by machinery, or by the shed wheel ; and 

 the last is deemed the best mode, when applied to 

 make ropes, and the woof of canvass. 



2. Cloth. Hempen yarn generally forms the woof Cloth. 

 of sailcloth, and many kinds of bagging are entirely 

 constituted of it. The manufacture of hemp bagging 



is carried on to a great extent at Inverness, Cromarty, 

 and Invergordon in Ross- shire, and also at Aberdeen, 

 Montrose, Arbroath, Dundee, and in many other pla- 

 ces in Scotland. 



3. Ropes, Cordage, fyc Manufactories of ropes and Ropes, 

 cordage are established at every sea- port along the cordage, 

 eastern and western coasts of Scotland ; and employ ^ c- 

 about a thousand men and boy?. In the neighbour- 

 hood of the large towns, there are many rope walks 



for making twine and cording, for mercantile pack- 

 ages, and also ropes for agricultural purposes. The 

 consumption of these articles by merchants, farmers, 

 carriers, &c. is very considerable ; but the most exten- 

 sive application of hemp is in the manufacture of cord- 

 age. The total quantity of flax and hemp imported 

 into Scotland for the year 1812, was as follows. 



FLAX. 



Tons cwts. qrs. Ibs. . 

 6094 4 2 18 at L.100 per ton, is L.609,430 16s. 0|d. 



