SCOTLAND. 



669 



Illiifr ,.(' 



,md. 



5tmiurs. winter than even in Middlesex. In the maritime parts 

 of Bunflslure, and particularly on the aea-coait of 

 Moray, the climate is remarkably mild. On the east- 

 ern coast of Inverness ami Ross- shire*, it is pure, and 

 favourable to the raising of grain. And even at the 

 extremity of the island, the climate in temperate in the 

 maritime parts, and the great valley in Caithness, though 

 the thermometer seldom rises high in that northern 

 latitude. 



The circumstance which more especially charac- 

 ti-ri/.fs tlif climate of the eastern coast, is the frequency 

 of fogs arising from the German Sea ; and these, as 

 has been already suggested, are occasioned by the 

 greater degree of heat which takes place in that nar- 

 row ocean, compared with the Atlantic. A copious 

 evaporation is the cons-quence, which, under the ap- 

 pellation of eastern haars, overspreads the adjacent 

 coasts, proceeding westward, till they are interrupted 

 by the high mountains which occupy the middle region 

 of Scotland. The easterly winds which convey these 

 exhalations, and which prevail chiefly in spring, and 

 in the beginning of summer, are, at the same time, 

 cold and piercing. They had passed over a wide con- 

 tinent, which had been covered during many previous 

 months with snow, and have not had time to acquire 

 warmth, from the narrow sea which they had passed 

 over in their course. 



These exhalations, accompanied by winds from the 

 east or north-east prevail more or less along the whole 

 eastern coast. The climate of the eastern coast of 

 Scotland, however, more especially towards the south, 

 is salubrious; and less rain falls, unquestionably, than 

 on the west coast, or even in the midland region. 

 Agues, which formerly prevailed on Mie eastern coast, 

 from the combined influence of exhalations arising 

 from the sea, and from ill cultivated and ill drained 

 grounds, are now less frequent." 



4. Results of Meteorological Registers kept in Scotland. 



Having thus followed Dr. Graham in his general 

 observations on the climate of Scotland, we shall pro- 

 ceed to lay before our readers an abstract of some of 

 the principal meteorological observations that have 

 been made in Scotland. These we shall arrange under 

 the following heads. 



1. Observations made with the rain gage, and on the 



proportion of fair and rainy days in the year. 



2. Observations made with the barometer. 



3. Observations on the temperature of springs. 



4. Observations on the temperature of the atmos- 



phere. 



5. Observations on Winds. 



1. Observations made with the Rain Gage, and OH the 

 proportion of Fair and Rainy Days in (he Year. 



Obferra- The following table shows the quantity of rain which 

 tiom made fell at Kinfauns Castle, in Lat. 56'^, from 18 1J to 

 with the 1825 inclusive, 20 feet above the sea : 

 rain * Incbw . 



17-33 

 2005 

 24-20 

 24-95 

 31-01 



Results of 

 meteorolo- 

 gical regis- 

 ters kept in 

 Scotland. 



i at] 



1823 

 1824 

 IftUI 



1040 



J7 BO 

 33-45 



IS.90 



28.1)0 

 23-M) 



Mean of thirteen yean, 25.21 inches. 



The following table shows the result of three rain 

 gages placed at different height* and observed at Km- 

 fauns Castle. 



1814. 1. On a conical hill, (kX) feet taet>m . 



above the sea, . 33*8* 



2. Centre of garden, 20 feet, 20*05 



3. Kinfauns castle, 129 feet, 15-59 

 Average of the three rain gages, 23-Cl 



1815. No. 1. A* above, . . 4570 



-'. Ditto, . . 24-2O 



3. Ditto, . 18-00 



Average, 9-30 



1816. No. 1. As above, . . 52*43 



2. Ditto, . . 24-95 



3. Ditto, . . 19-61 



Average, . 38-33 



1817. No. 1. As above, . . 44-4 



2. Ditto, . . . 31-0 



3. Ditto, . . . 23-56 



Average, 3299 



1818. No. 1. As above. . . 31-10 



2. Ditto, . . . 28-07 



3. Ditto, . 17.89 



Average, . 26-35 



1819. No. 1. As above, . . 2.36 



2. Ditto, . . . 28.60 



3. Ditto, . . S0.20 



Average, . 27.05 



1820 No. 2. As above, . . 23-5 



3. Ditto, . . . 18-5 



Average, . ii-o 



1821 No. 2. As above, . . 21-18 



3. Ditto, . . . 29-OO 



Average. . . 25-09 



18W No. 2. As above, . . 7.8O 



3. Ditto, . . . 20.22 



Average, 24.01 



1823. No. 2. As above, . . 33-45 



3. Ditto, . . 26-31 



Average, 29-88 



1824. No. 2. As above, . 2O-18 

 3. Kinfauns new castle, 150 



feet, . . . 24-0 



Average, 22-09 



1825. No. 2. As above, . . 23-90 



y. Square tower, 14O feet, 3-45 



Average, 23-6? 



At Belmont in Strathmore, on an average of ten 



years, there fell . SO-4 



At Longforgan on the Tay, on an average of 



twelve years, there fell . , 24-5 



At Barnton in Mid Lothian, there fell in 1808 23.6 



in 1809 



