VOLCANOES 341 
the material erupted. Some always send out lava, as 
does Kilauea; some, like many of the American vol- 
canoes, south of the United States, and the Japanese 
volcanoes, nearly always erupt ash; and others erupt 
both ash and lava, now one and now the other. This 
latter type is illustrated by the majority of volcanoes 
in the world, notably Vesuvius and Etna. Since lava 
Fie. 207. 
The crater of Kilauea, showing the great lava lake. 
cones are broad, while ash cones are narrow and steep, 
we have every intermediate form between the very 
broad mountains of Hawaii and the wonderfully steep 
but symmetrical Fusijama in Japan. 
There is also a difference in the chemical composition 
of the lavas. Some volcanoes always erupt one kind 
of rock. For instance, the Hawaiian volcanoes always 
