INDEX 
Pyrites, 49. 
Pyroxene, 46, 66. 
Q 
Qua-qua-versal dip, 313. 
Quaternary, climate of, 475; geography 
of, 474. 
Quartz, 27, 37, 66, 269, 372; in mineral 
veins, 380, 381; replacement by, 384; 
resistance of, to decay, 119; slowness 
of change of, 73. 
Quartzite, 99, 105, 369, 404. 
R 
Rain erosion, 151, 173, 241. 
Rain prints, 269. 
Rain sculpturing of clay lands, 154, 173. 
Rain wash, 152. 
Range of mountains, 304. 
Recent strata, 402. 
Red clay, 259. 
Red River valley, lake in, 303, 483. 
Reef-building corals, 252 ; Devonian, 416. 
Reefs of coral, 247, 251. 
Regional metamorphism, 378. 
Replacement deposits, 380, 382. 
Reptiles, age of, 429; flying, 434; Meso- 
Zoic, 427, 429, 433, 434. 
Reptilian era, 402. 
Residual soil, 120, 122. 
Reverse faults, 292, 293. 
Rhyolite, 63, 66, 342. 
Ridges, mountain, 304, 310-314. 
Ripple marks, 271. 
Rivers, changes in, caused by glaciers, 
481; chemical work of, 156, 173; com- 
parison of glaciers to, 197; deposits 
of, 174-187; erosion by, 151-173, 241; 
mechanical action of, 158, 173; supply 
of water to, 155. 
Robertson glacier, 200. 
Rock, definition of, 52. 
Rock basins of ice erosion, 210. 
Rock flour, 209, 485. 
Rock-salt, 87, 456, 463. 
Rocks, calcareous, 89; cements of, 275; 
chemically precipitated, 82, 97; con- 
solidation of, 273; classes of, 54; clas- 
2K 
497 
tic, 97; deposits in, 86; faulting of, 
287, 310; folding of, 283, 304; frag- 
mental, 97; igneous, 52; jointing in, 
277; metamorphic, 98, 105, 322, 366; 
oceanic, 243; organic, 89, 97; origin 
of, 71; phosphate, 91; of plant origin, 
92; sedimentary, 97; siliceous, 91; 
Rocky Mountains, 307, 308, 315. 
Ss 
Sahara, desert of, 131. 
Salina strata, 456. 
Salt, 30, 32, 50, 87, 97, 463; deposit in 
lakes, 193, 194; in New York, 456; 
lakes, 87, 188; marshes, 248. 
Sand, 97; carried by rivers, 160; erosive 
action of, 130, 135, 138; beaches, 79, 
245; dunes, 151-136, 138. 
Sandstones, 78, 99, 105, 454; metamor- 
phism of, 369. 
Sandy rocks, 78. 
Saurians, Mesozoic, 429. 
Scandinavia, change in level of, 296. 
Schist, 101, 105, 368, 404. 
Schistose structure, 101, 102, 368, 373. 
Scoriaceous lava, 68. 
Scorpions, 414. 
Sea, deposition in, 243. 
Sea caves, 228, 239. 
Sea cliffs, 228, 230, 239; elevated, 297. 
Sea-level, change in, 300. 
Sea-weeds, Cambrian, 407 ; protection of, 
on coast, 249. 
Secondary strata, 397. 
Sediment, carried by rivers, 158, 173, 
174-187; of deep sea, 256; deposit of, 
in the ocean, 243; furnished by gla- 
ciers, 219; in lakes, 188, 194; move- 
ment of, by rivers, 174; movement of, 
by tides, 232, 239; of organic origin, 
248; in variation in, 245. 
Sedimentary rocks, 54, 71, 245, 406; 
changes in, 273; classification of, 97; 
elevation of, 271; importance of, 96; 
joint planes in, 277; mainly formed 
in shallow water, 267; of mechanical 
origin, 256; metamorphism of, 370; 
variation in, 260, 261. = 
Series of strata, 401, 402. 
