LIST OF PLATES 



XI 



XXXVIII. Fig. 1. Coastal lakes formed by blocking of ends of 

 drowned valleys. Fig. 2. Upper end of Seneca Lake, 



New York 133 



XXXIX. Fig. 1. A coast line developed chiefly by wave erosion. 



Fig. 2. An island tied to the mainland by a "beach" . 140 

 XL. Fig. 1. High cliff with beach; shore of Lake Michigan. 

 Fig. 2. A chimney rock and an arch on the coast of 



France 144 



XLI. Fig.l. The cauliflower cloud above Vesuvius, April 7,1906. 



Fig. 2. Ropy surface of lava, Mauna Loa, flow of 1881 145 

 XLII. Fig. 1. Lava falling over cliffs, Kilauea. Fig. 2. Rela- 

 tively smooth lava surface near the Jordan Craters, 



Malheur Co., Oregon 160 



XLIII. Pig. 1. A dike isolated by erosion, Spanish Peaks region, 

 Colorado. Fig. 2. Columns of basalt (a variety of 



igneous rock) 161 



XLIV. Fig. 1. Fog over the lowlands, seen from Mount Wilson, 

 California. Fig. 2. Cumulus clouds seen from Mount 



Wilson, California 256 



XLV. Fig. 1. Morning fog in valleys. Fig. 2. Cum ulus clouds. 



Fig. 3. Cumulo-nimbus clouds. Fig. 4. Cirrus clouds. 



Fig. 5. Cirro-stratus clouds . . . . . 257 



XLVI. Fig. 1. Funnel-shaped cloud of a tornado. Fig. 2. 



Wreckage of the Union Station Power-house at St. Louis, 



May 27, 1896 . .272 



XLVII. Fig. 1. Trees twisted off by tornadic winds. Fig. 2. 

 Straws driven into dry wood. Fig. 3. A scene in the 

 so-called petrified forest, near Holbrook, Arizona . 273 



