LIST OF PLATES 



XVIII. Fig. 1. Young valleys just north of Chicago. Fig. 2. 



Canyon of the Yellowstone River . ... 65 



XIX. Fig. 1. A region in a mature state of erosion. Fig. 2. 



A plain in old age ....... 80 



XX. An area southwest of Denver, showing a mountain ridge 



dissected by erosion 81 



XXI. Fig. 1. A manadnock. Fig. 2. A branching stream . 84 

 XXII. An alluvial cone or torrential fan 85 



XXIII. A piedmont alluvial plain, or compound alluvial fan, in 



Southern California 86 



XXIV. The alluvial plain of the Platte rivers in Nebraska . . 87 

 XXV. Glaciers on Glacier Peak, Washington .... 90 



XXVI. A portion of the Bighorn Mountains, showing glaciated 

 valleys, the heads of which are, in many cases, 



cirques 91 



XXVII. Fig. 1. Ice crowded up on shore of Lake Mendota, Wis- 

 consin. Fig. 2. Effect of ice-shove, Lake Mendota, 

 Wisconsin. Fig. 3. Shore of Wall Lake, Iowa . . 92 

 XXVIII. Fig. 1. Photographs of snowflakes, enlarged. Fig. 2 

 Neve (granular snow) at an elevation of 4,052 meters, on 

 the Swiss-Italian frontier . . ... 93 



XXIX. Fig. 1. The spreading end of a glacier, North Greenland. 



Fig. 2. A cliff glacier, coast of North Greenland . . 100 

 XXX. Fig. 1. A glacial table, due to the protection of the ice 

 beneath the flat stone from the rays of the sun. Fig. 2. 

 Crevassed glacier, the cracking being due to a change 



in grade of the bed 101 



XXXI. Fig. 1. A mound of dt'bris on the edge of the Greenland 

 ice-cap, north of Cape York. Fig. 2. The Rhone 



glacier 108 



XXXII. Fig. 1. The medial moraine of the Roseg Glacier, Switz- 

 erland. Fig. 2. Forest on the southern border of 

 Malaspina glacier 109 



XXXIII. Fig. 1. A cirque in the Bighorn Mountains; head of the 



West Tensleep Valley. Fig. 2. Striae on bed-rock . 112 



XXXIV. Fig. 1. Stones striated by glacial wear. Fig. 2. End of 



a North Greenland glacier, showing upturning of layers 

 of ice at the end. Fig. 3. Accumulation of drift under 

 the end of a North Greenland glacier . . . 113 



XXXV. Fig. 1. Stream spouting from a glacier; North Greenland. 



Fig. 2. An esker in Finland 128 



XXXVI. Fig. 1. Surf, Coronado Beach, California. Fig. 2. 



A rocky coast developed by wave erosion . . . 129 

 XXXVII. Characteristic surface of a glaciated plain, showing 



marshes, ponds, and lakes .... . 132 



