LAKES AND SHORES 159 



ties about its borders. Deltas in lakes show the same general 

 features on a smaller scale. Delta-land is always low. 



3. Winds. The wind often makes dunes of the dry sand along 

 shores, but this does not commonly change the outline of the land 

 area to any great extent. 



4. Glaciers. Glaciers descend to the level of the sea in some 

 places, as in Greenland and Alaska. Where this is the case, they 

 usually move down to the sea through valleys. If the ice is thick, 

 the glaciers gouge out the valleys, sometimes to great depths below 

 the level of the sea. When glaciers in such valleys melt, the lower 

 ends of the valleys become narrow bays, or fiords. This is the 

 explanation, or at least a part of the explanation, of the many fiords 

 of Norway (Figs. 161 and 162), Alaska, Chili, and some other coasts. 



5. Shore ice is another agent which works on coasts, but does 

 not greatly modify their outlines. 



REFERENCES 



1. RUSSELL, Lakes of North America: Ginn. 



2. SALISBURY Physiography, Advanced Course: Holt. 



3. BRIGHAM, Lakes: A Study for Teachers: Jour, of Sch. Geog., Vol. 1. 

 pp. 65-72. 



4. GEIKIE, J., Earth Sculpture, Chapter XV: Putnam. 



5. GEIKIE, SIR A., Scenery of Scotland, Chapter III: Macmillan. 



6. DILLER, Nat. Geog. Mag., Vol, VIII, pp. 33-48. 



7. TARR, Physical Geography of New York: Macmillan. 



8. CHAMBERLIN AND SALISBURY, Geology, Earth History, Vol. Ill, pp. 394- 

 403. See also index of same volume, and of Vol. I, and the same authors' 

 College Geology: Holt. 



