226 



PHYSICAL GEOLOGY 



FIG. 243. Fiord at North Cape, Norway. Photograph taken at 12.08 

 A.M., July 7, 1909. (R. T. Chamberlin.) 



glacial streams. Subglacial waters are formed, too, by the 

 melting of the bottom ice because of friction between the 

 glacier and its bed, and in other ways. Ice-fed streams, in 



most cases heavily 

 charged with gravel, 

 sand, and silt, flow 

 from the ends of val- 

 ley glaciers, and at 

 many points from 

 the edges of ice 

 sheets. 



The streams be- 

 neath glaciers and 

 beyond their ends 

 and edges are com- 

 monly aggrading 

 rather than degrad- 

 ing streams. There- 

 fore the deposits 

 made by glacial 



IJ2 . , 5 |. i3o- waters are the only 



FIG. 244. Alaskan fiords. matters in connec- 



