468 



INDEX 



Cambrian period, 331. 

 Cambrian strata, 331. 

 Canons, 165. 

 Carbonation, 103. 

 Carboniferous period, 369. 

 Carboniferous swamp, 384. 

 Carnivores, 442. 

 Cave, sea, 243, 245. 

 Cementation, belt of, 80. 



zone of, 119. 

 Cenozoic era, 306. 

 Cephalopods, 299, 346, 355, 365. 

 Cetaceans, 442. 

 Chalk, 39. 



Chambered mollusks, 299. 

 Champlain submergence, 463. 

 Chemical elements, 19. 

 Chemung formation, 361. 

 Chert, 39. 



Chimney island, 244. 

 Cinders, 33. 



Circumdenudation, 281. 

 Circumerosion, 281. 

 Cirques, 221. 

 Clastic sediment, 369. 

 Clay, red, 260. 

 Cleavage, 20. 

 Cliff, sea, 241, 243. 



undercut, 265. 

 Climate, Cretaceous, 424. 



Pennsylvanian, 386. 



Permian, 393. 



Quaternary, 448. 



Tertiary, 437. 

 Clinton formation, 350. 

 Coal fields, 381. 

 Coal, origin of, 378. 

 Coal Measures, 377. 



in Europe, 382. 



in United States, 380. 

 Coastal plain, 414. 

 Coelenterates, 296. 

 Columnar structure, 53. 

 Comanchean period, 414-416. 

 Competent strata, 67. 

 Concretions, 121. 

 Cones, 173. 



volcanic, 46. 



Conglomerate, 38. 

 Consequent falls, 159. 

 Consolidation, 37. 

 Continental glacier, 207. 

 Contour interval, 93. 

 Copper, 120, 325. 

 Copper vein, 80. 

 Coral, 259, 296, 345, 353, 366. 

 Cordaites, 385. 

 Corrasion, 125, 133. 

 Cracks, mud, 56. 



sun, 56. 

 Creep, 114. 

 Cretaceous period, 418. 



birds of, 426. 



climate of, 424. 



deposits of, 420, 423. 



inundation of, 419. 



mammals of, 431. 



sea animals of, 424. 

 Crevasse, 199. 

 Crinoids, 297, 344, 372. 

 Critical temperature, 81. 

 Cross-bedded sandstone, 54 ; 89. 

 Cross-bedding, 54, 55. 

 Crumpling, 65. 



in Jurassic period, 408. 



in Permian period, 390. 

 Crust, earth, 61. 

 Crustaceans, 300. 

 Crustal disturbances, Cretaceous, 

 427. 



Ordovician, 346. 

 Current, littoral, 246. 



shore, 246. 

 Cut-off, 180. 

 Cuttlefish, 299. 

 Cycad, 403. 

 Cycle, of erosion, 150. 



metamorphic, 83. 

 Cystid, 297. 



Dead Sea, 356. 



Deep, 233. 



Degradational processes, 11. 



Dells, 162. 



Delta, 184, 228. 



Deposition, 91. 



