276 THE FORESTS OF CANADA. 



such as the Ottawa and its tributaries. The best of the 

 pine is squared in the woods, and exported in that shape 

 under the name of " square timber." The smaller trees 

 are merely cut in lengths, and called logs ; they are gene- 

 rally manufactured in the sawmills into deals. This tree 

 is the most valuable of Canadian timber. It finds its way 

 into every carpentering establishment in Great Britain, 

 is easily wrought, durable, and free from knots. The best 

 shingles for roofing purposes are made out of split pine, 

 and the log canoes used by the lumberers are hewn out of 

 pine trees. 



There are two other pines in the Canadian forest, the 

 yellow pine (P. mitis) and the red pine (P. resinosa). 

 The latter is the most resinous of the fir tribe, and is 

 consequently very durable, the resin acting like paint in 

 preserving the timber from decay. Neither of these trees 

 are much lumbered at present, owing to the superior size 

 and excellence of the white pine. The old roots and 

 knots of the red pine, which are of great weight and com- 

 pletely saturated with resin, are called " pitch-pine " ; 

 they burn fiercely, give a brilliant light, and are much 

 used for torches. 



The hemlock (Abies Canadensis). This tree grows to a 

 great size, second only to the white pine among the 

 Conifer se. Although considered an inferior wood for 

 general purposes, and not known in the lumber markets, 

 it is a valuable tree. In the first place the bark, which is 

 thick and heavy, forms the chief ingredient used by the 

 tanner in preparing hides. It is collected in great quan- 

 tities by the back settlers, hauled into market when 

 sleighing is good, and sold like firewood by the " cord " 



