AM MA I. KINCIKIM. 



ANIMAL KIXODOM. 



THE ANIMAL K1NUDOH ARRANGED ACfulEMINli TO THE SYSTEM OF Cl'Vll.li. 



piil]< 'tli motion and aoal- 



liility. Siuuo tli 



aiderable advance* hve boen made, 

 especially in our knowledge of the 

 lower forma of invertebrate animal*, 

 and many of hU orders have been, 

 broken up and considerably modified. 



At the time that Cuviwr wan working 

 at hia arrangement, and almost con- 

 temporaneously with a similar n. 

 meut in botany, aome of the more 

 imaginative and philosophic mind* 

 began to perceive analogies in organs 

 and ports of the animal frame, whk-h 

 previously had only been regarded 

 under tlu-ir distinct or individual rela- 

 tions. The close connection between 

 the brilliant generalisations of 

 nature which first made comparative 

 anatomists acquainted with the bones 

 of the cranium and the essential re- 

 semblances, or homologies, as 

 are termed, of the component elements 

 of a vertebra under their varied fonn-. 

 for the special purposes of the indi- 

 vidual, is too closely connected with 

 similar researches after resemblance 

 and analogies in zoology to be omitted 

 in the present sketch of the hi-' 

 of that science. Gothe, the fomuli < 

 of morphology, or the doctrine of 

 organic analogies in plants, also made 

 the first step in the advancemei 

 similar, or, as they have been termed, 

 transcendental views, in the anatomy 

 of animals. The poet's discovery of 

 the intermaxillary bones in man 

 first fruits of this essentially syntheti- 

 cal mode of studying organised b> : 

 has been succeeded by many similar 

 brilliant appreciations of true analogies 

 by his successors Oken and Geoffroy, 

 and the disciples of their school, which 

 have more than compensated for the 

 less substantial results of exuberant 

 imaginations, which have too often !,! 

 the effect of deterring the sober student 

 of nature from digesting the works of 

 authors from which valuable informa- 

 tion is to be obtained. 



Germany and the Netherlands have 

 reason to be proud of the nam 

 IIIL-er, Temminck, Wagler, Lichteu- 

 stein, and Rii]ipell. 



In our own country and time. 

 Quinary System has been brought 

 forward and applied by one of our 

 moxt accomplished zoologist* in his 

 ' lloi-e Kiitoiiiologicn,' 'Annulosa 

 Javanica,' his 'Remarks on the Com- 

 parative Anatomy of certain Hints of 

 Cuba,' in the l;th vol. ,<( the Trans- 

 actions of the Linncean Society,' and 

 his ' Illustrations of the Annulosa of 

 b Africa,' forming part iii. of Dr. 

 Andrew Smith's valuable ' Illustrations 

 of the Zoology of South Africa, 1 



Mr. MacLeay brought to bear on 

 this subject a comprehensive know- 

 ledge of natural history, much learning, 

 and the close astute reasoning of a 

 mind of no ordinary |mwera. The 

 system has beenapplied in this country, 

 by Mr. Vigors, to the Birds, and liy Mr. 

 liennett, to the Mammalia and Fishes. 

 With eel-tain moderations it huslieeti 

 applied, by Mr. Swainson, to the Animal 

 Kingdom generally, who. in his ar- 

 rangement in the several volumes of 

 the ' Ciiliinet Cyel..]ia-dia' written by 

 him. has IK Man. On 



the continent the i.iiiinary System has 

 never found favour, and it has now few 

 followers in this country. 



The sciences of Zoology and ( ' 



n Anatomy have U-eu studied 

 in Kngland, since the time of Cuvier, 

 with great assiduity and success. 



