AN \KL1DA. 



\\M-.I.IDA. 



arv covered and hidden by a kind of flocky down, like tow, which 

 *|>riiig* U|H>D the side*, and from which issue group* of strong (pine*, 

 that pierce, in |rt, the flocky covering, and buqdles of flexuoiui 

 bristles, glittering like gold, and changing into all the colour* of tlie 

 rainbow. Cuvier nays, and without exaggeration, that they do not 

 yield in beauty either to the plumage of the buniiuiiiK-birdit or to the 

 most brilliant preciou* atone*. Lower down in a tubercle, out of which 

 come pine*, in three groups, and of three diflrrent axes, and finally 

 fleshy cone. There are 40 of them tubercle* on each side, and 

 between the fint two are two small fltwhy tentacles. There are 16 

 pairs of scale*, which are wide and sometimes puffed up, on the back, 

 and 15 small branchial crests on each side. 



Prickly Soi.Moiuc (Aphrodila arulrala). 

 a, ventral view ; 6, dorsal und lateral view. 



Some of the llnlith<r<r (Ilalithtet Hermionri, Sav.) hare no flocky 

 down upon the back, and such is Aphrudita, J/yttrir (gemm llermione, 



i ic r.hiin v. i. 



The genus PolifnSe, Sav. (Eumolpe, Oken), is another subdivision. 

 This genus has flocky covering on the back ; the tentacles are 5 in 

 number, and their proboscis is furnished with horny and strong jaws. 

 Polyndt lava is an example. 



Then there are the genera Siyalion and Acofltt of Messrs. Audouin 

 and Milne-Edwards. 



The first of these is more elongated in form than the other 

 Apkmtilir ; it has cirrhi on all the feet. Such is A>'i'i/>i/ivn> Mailiildir. 



The second has cirrhi, which alternate with the elytra (as the two 

 rows of membranous scales which cover the back are somewhat oddly 

 called, the term being already applied to the horny external wings of 

 coleopterous insects), in great length ; their jaws are stronger ami 

 better tpothed. There is a large species at the Antilles which inhabit* 

 a sheath or pipe of the consistence of leather. 



Here Cuvier places his ChatopUnu, which has a month devoid of 

 jaws and proboscis, furnished above with a lip, to which are attached 

 two very small tentacula. Then comes a duk with nine pain of feet, 

 then a ]>air of long bristly bundles, like two wings. The branchiee, in 

 the form of platen, are attached rather below than above, and are 

 placed along the middle of the body. 



Kxample, Clurlojilertu pcrgamentactut. This i* 8 or 10 inches long, 

 and inhabit* a pipe of the substance of parchment, in the seas of the 

 West India Islands. 



The nervous system in more highly developed in the Porsibrnnchiatc 

 Annelide* than in the other orders. It consists of a double chain of 

 ganglia, but the latter are larger generally, and the cephalic more fully. 

 developed, to accord with their organs of special sense. There are 

 also obeet table nerve* and ganglia destined to supply the digestive 

 and respiratory organs. 



Although the Itornbrmtfhuiia are so highly developed, they never- 

 theless many of them retain the power of regenerating portion** of 

 their body which may be broken off; and in certain species which 

 divide spontaneously a whole animal is formed from parts that are 

 separated. In this respect they are related to the lower vermiform 

 animals included in the Knlotoa. [Kvm/i>.\.| 



The Tiilii'-'iln are characterised by having their liranchiic in the 

 form of plume*, or of small arborisations, attached to the head or on 

 the anterior |rt of the body ; and nearly all inhabit tubes. 



Of those which inhabit MM, some form a calcareous homogeneous 

 1 .!.';. lion th 'i tranmuuition, like the ."hells of the 



mollusc*, but they do not adhere to it by means of muscles ; other* 

 construct a tube by agglutinating grains of sand, fragment* of shells, 

 or particle* of sand, by means of a membrane which they doubtless 

 secrete also; then are others again whose tube i* entirely 

 membranous or horny. (' Ui' .-n. Animal.') 



To the first category belongs the genus Strpntt. The species of 

 this genus are the TVymur de tier of the French, ami their twisting 

 calcareous tuba* cover (tone*, shells, and other submarine bodies. The 

 section of these tube* i* sometimes round and sometime* angular, 

 according to the species. 



Oivier describes the animal as having a body composed of a great 

 number of segment* ; its anterior part enlarged into a disk, annul on 

 each side with many bundle* of stiff bristle-like ap|>endage*, nn.l ii 

 each side of the mouth a plume of branchue in the fonn of a fan, 

 ordinarily tinted with vivid colours. At the base of each plume is a 

 fleshy filament; and one of the two, that to the right or left 

 indifferently, is always prolonged and dilated at it* extremity into a 

 disk of different configuration, which serve* as an operciilur 

 close* the aperture of the tube when the animal retiree within it. 

 Cuvier further observes that a* the most common species has this 

 disk in the form of a funnel, some naturalists have mistaken it for a 

 proboscis ; but it is not pierced ; and the other species have it more, 

 or lees of a club-shape. 



The number of species of Serputa (Lam.), admitted into the last 

 edition of ' Animaux sans Vertebrae,' is 60 recent and fossil ; and 

 M. Milne-Edwards adds many more at the end of the genus ; but he 

 observes that very little is known of the H|x-e.inc differences presented 

 by these animals, and that many of the living and all of the fossil 

 species are characterised in a very doubtful manner. The fossils are 

 said to be found in the Tertiary, (Jreen-Sjind, Chalk (environs of 

 Miinster and Maastricht), Lias, and Oolite beds, &<x Mr. Lea 

 describes a species, Serptila ornala, from the Tertiary of Alabama 

 (Claiborne Beds). 



Dr. Kitton records 14 named species and two uncertain species from 

 the strata below the chalk, ranging from the Upper Green-Sand to the 

 Kimmeridge Clay. 



Sir Roderick Murchison notice* Serpulilti and Spirorlii in the 

 Silurian rocks, SerpMta longittimiu in the tipper Ludlow Hock, and 

 Spirorbif ttnuu in the lower Ludlow Hook, and in the Wenlock 

 Limestone. He also records the presence of Serpula (Serjtula 

 omphalotdet, Goldf.) in the Devonian Rocks of Russia. 



Example, Serpula contortmjilicaia. The tubes of this Serpula are 

 round, twisted, and about three lines in diameter. Its operciilum is 

 funnel-shaped, and its branchiic are often of a beautiful red, or 

 variegated with yellow and violet. It quickly covers vases, bottles, or 

 other objects thrown into the sea. 



Locality. The Mediterranean and European Seas. 



Krrpu'ii eonlorlnflinila. 



Ill other species, as for instance of the genus Galeolaria, Liun., the 

 open-ilium is flat and beset with points. 



Mother species from the An' muleo, 



Pallas), which lives among the madrepores, and whose tube is often 



r masse*. Its branchiic are rolled into a spiral form 



when they re-enter ; and its operculum is armed with two Mimll 



branched horns, like the antlers of a stag. Tl. 



. -AbbiM. I'.crl. Shr.' i.\. iii. ( ; Aclinia, or Animal 1- 



