ANTILOPE^E. 



ANTILOPE^E. 



253 



white, with a brown mark descending perpendicularly from each orbit, 

 and expanding over the cheek, and a similar stripe passing down the 

 centre of the face from the horns to the muzzle; the whole neck 



The Oryx (Oryx leucoryz), 



also, on the throat as well as on the upper part, is of a uniform nisty 

 brown colour, but, with these exceptions, all the rest of the body, as 

 well as the legs and tail, are milk-white. 



This species is frequently represented on the monuments of Egypt 

 and Nubia, and particularly in the inner chamber of the great pyramid 

 at Memphis, where a whole group of these animals is represented, 

 Home being driven or pushed forwards, and others led by the horns 

 or by a cord about the neck, apparently by way of tribute from some 

 subject or conquered nation. With one exception these representa- 

 tions are invariably in profile, so that only one horn is seen. The 

 present species is gregarious, and lives in large herds in Senaar, 

 Nubia, and Senegal, feeding principally upon different species of 



Our engraving of this species is copied from one of M. F. Cuvier, 

 who supposed it belonged to a different species from the present, and 

 referred it to the AntUope Gazdla of Pallas and the Alyazel of Prosper 

 Alpinus, both of which we now believe to be identical with Oryx 

 Leuearyx. 



Add ax 



Has slender, elongated, ringed, slightly spirally-twisted horns, 

 sloping nearly in a line with the face ; the forehead with long hair ; 

 the neck with a slight gular mane ; the nose hairy, ovine ; the hoofs 

 semicircular, thin-edged ; the tear-bag marked with a tuft of hair. 



58. A. nammaculaliu (Antilupe Addax, Lichtenstein), the Addax. 



it may be derived from either of these forms in the nominative). 

 From the time of Pliny the only information which we had about 

 this animal till a very recent period was derived from a figure and 

 description of the skull and horns sent by our celebrated countryman 

 Caius to his friend Gesner, and inserted in the gi'eat work of that 

 early naturalist : the travellers, Riippell, Hemprich, and Ehrenberg, 

 re-discovered this species, and what is singular enough, under the 

 ancient African name ascribed to it by Pliny, the Arabs still denomi- 

 nating it Akasch, Akas, or Addas, with the addition of the syllable 

 Abu (father), which they bestow upon many other animals, as Abu- 

 Hannis (Father John) for the Ibis, &c. 



The length of the full-grown Addax is 6 feet from the muzzle to 

 the root of the tail, and its height at the shoulder 3 feet ; the horns, 

 measured along the curves, are 3 feet long, the ears 6 inches, and the 

 tail, with its terminating tuft, 1 foot. The animal is therefore about 

 the size of a large ass, of which it has likewise much of the make and 

 proportions, the heavy head, thick neck and legs, and switch tail. 

 The horns are round, rather slender in proportion to their length, 

 twisted outwards and describing two turns of a wide spiral, annulated 

 to within five or six inches of the points, which are smooth and sharp ; 

 the form of the horns of the female does not differ from that of the 

 male, but in the young they are almost straight. The ears are pretty 

 long and proportionally broader than in most of the smaller ante- 

 lopes ; the tail reaches almost to the hock, and is terminated by a 

 switch of long, coarse, gray hair. The whole head and neck, both 

 above and below, are of a deep reddish-brown colour, except a 

 transverse mark of pure white across the lower part of the forehead, 

 between the orbits, which expands on the cheeks and half surrounds 

 the eyes ; a patch of black curly hair surrounds the root of the horns, 

 and there is a scanty beard of the same colour on the larynx ; all the 

 rest of the animal, including the entire body from the neck backwards, 

 as well as the legs and tail, are grayish-white ; the hoofs are black, 

 and remarkably broad, to enable the animal to pass more easily over 

 the fine and loose sands of the deserts in which it resides. 



These animals live in pairs on the sandy deserts of Central Africa 

 and appear to extend over the greater part of the continent. 

 Hemprich and Ehreubcrg found them in Dongola ; and a pair of 

 horns were brought from Bomou by Denham and Clapperton, and 

 deposited in the British Museum. 



8. Goatlike Antelopes. 



These Antelopes have a heavy body ; strong legs ; the hoofs and 

 false hoofs large ; the tail very short, flat, and hairy above ; the horns 

 conical and recurved. 



Capricomis 



Has short, strong, conical, inclined, recurved horns, arising behind 

 the orbit ; the nose cervine ; the muffle moderate ; the tear-bag and 

 interdigital pores large. 



59. C. Sumatrcnris (Antilope Sumatrensit, Desmarest), the Cambing 

 Outau, or Suniatran Antelope, first noticed by Mr. Marsden in hia 



Addax (Atldax ntuomaculatut). 



The Adax is mentioned by Pliny under the name of Strepticeros, 

 which, says he, the Africans call Addax (or it may be Addas, for the 

 accusative addacem is the word used in the passage referred to, and 



MAT. HIST. DIV. VOL. I. 



The Cambing Uutuu (C. Sumaln-nsis}. 



' History of Sumatra,' is about 4 J feet in length, and 2 feet 3 inches 

 high at the shoulder. The horns are 6 inches long, very thick n,t the 

 base and much attenuated, slightly and uniformly curved backwards. 

 The muzzle is distinct and well formed ; the lachrymal sinuses open 

 by a small circular aperture, and between them and the muzzle, on 

 each side, is a long linear space, nearly two inches in length by a 

 quarter of an inch broad, naked, and covered with a soft black 

 integument, which represents the maxillary gland, and secretes a 

 particular humour. The ears and tail are of moderate length, tlie 

 hoofs very large, the limbs short and stout, and the whole form of the 

 animal robust and powerful. The body is thickly covered with a cuat 



