ANTII.nl 





at long hair, of a dark-brown colour, almost black, excepting along 

 the nape of tli. 11. vk. on th shoulder*, and iumide the earn, where it 

 i white, and iind< r tlir !.. r jaw, which in of n deep straw-colour. 

 The white hair* of the neck and shoulder* are iinicli longer than ou 

 other part* of the body, and form a kind f (lowing uutne ; the hair 

 on the head and limb*, on the contrary, is much shorter than else- 

 where, the knee* are without brushes, and the tail, which ia rather 

 shorter than the ears, U covered throughout its whole extent with hair 

 of moderate and equal length, and of the aamo dark-bruwii colour as 

 that ou the body. 



The Cambing Outan, or Wild Qoat, to called by the Malaya, 

 inhaliiU the hillv forest* of Sumatra, and ia deneriWd by Mr. M 

 M being of a wild character, extremely active and sure-footed, with 

 much of the habit* and character of the Common Qoat and Ibex, of 

 which it ha* the roring fearless eye and bold undaunted booting. 



60. C. Bubalttta (C. Tkar, Ogilby), the Thaar, Thar, Serow, or Itno. 

 ia of a gray, brown, blockish washed colour, with the crown and doraal 

 streak black ; the now, chin, inside of ears, lower port of mane and 

 legs below the hocks, whitish. It is a native of Nepaul, am) is princi- 

 pally known by the drawing* and specimens presented by I. II 

 Hodgsou, Esq., to the British Museum. 



Tli'- Tliar inhabit* the central region of Nepaul, at an equal distance 

 front the snows of the Himalayan range on the one hand, and the 

 sultry heats of the low plains of India on the other. It is the most 

 e. 'iinnon of all the wild ruminants which are found in that country. 

 and it* chase is the favourite exercise and amusement of the hill 

 tribe*. Its fleah is indeed coarse, but there is plenty ..I" it .i> 

 rude people are easily satisfied on the score of quality, provided the 

 quantity be sufficient. Its habits are wild ami solitary; it is seldom 

 f'liiuil in herds, however small; the grown males especially live 

 apart in the mountains, and never seek the society of their specie* 

 except during the rutting season. As might be supposed from its 

 heavy make and short stout limbs, it is a slow runner, and is soon 

 brought to bay; but it leaps well, and makes its WHY over broken 

 ground with greater ease than in open level situations. It is found 

 from the eastern confines of Nepaul to the banks of the Sutlege, but 

 abounds especially towards the east. The Thars differ from the 

 Antelopes in being stout clambering animals, but they are not allied 

 to the Ox-Tribe. 



61. C. critpa, the Japanese Goat-Antelope, has a harsh crisp brown 

 or brownish fur, with whitish sides, white cheeks, and legs black-brown. 

 It is a native of Japan. 



ffemorhnliit 



Has short, conical, inclined, recurved horns, arising from behind the 

 orbit* ; the nose ovine, hairy ; the fur short. 



62. ff. Goral (Antilope Goral, Hardwicke), the Ooral, is of a gray- 

 brown colour, minutely dotted with black ; cheeks, chin, and upper 

 part of throat, white. 



The Ooral was first described by General Hardwicke in the ' Lin- 

 nican Transeti 



This animal inhabits the kingdom of Nepaul, and lives in large 

 herds upon the elevated plains which crown the lower ridges of 

 the Himalayan Mountains. It is wild and fleet, and when pursued 

 flies to the rocky hills, where it easily escapes the hunter, and is 

 indeed rarely taken except by stratagem. Its flesh is considered 

 excellent venison. It is entirely confined to the cold upper regions of 

 Nepaul, and is incapable of bearing the sultry heat of the plains of 

 Hindustan. 



ifatama 



Has small, conical, round, nearly erect horns, slightly inclined back- 

 wards, and recurved at the tip, ringed at the base ; the nose ovine, 

 hairy; the fur double, the outer very long, hairy, anil df]>cnd< nt, 

 the under short aii' 1 woolly. 



63. M. Americana, the Mazame, or SpriiiL'-lluck. The e.,l..ur ..f this 

 creature ia white ; the horns and edge of the nostrils black. U is the 

 Mountain Sheep-Antelope of Bennett, the Uoeky -Mountain Sheep of 

 Jameson. It inhabits the Rocky Mountains of North America, 



/til/, 



Ha* elongate slender round horns, nearly erect from above the 

 orl.it, and auddenly hooked backward at the tip; the nose ovine, 

 hairy ; the fur soft. 



64. R. Trayui (Aniilope Rx]>!rit],rtt, Pallas), the Chamois or Gems. 

 It ia the only animal of western Europe that partakes in any degree 

 of the character* of the Antelopes. The horns are seldom more than 

 6 or 7 inches long, and are nearly parallel throughout their whole 

 extent The entire length of the body is about 3 feet 8 inches, that 

 '( the head to the root of the horn* 6 inches, that of the ear* 4 

 inches, of the tail 3) inches, and the height at the shoulders rather 

 better than 2 feet. The whole body in covered with long hair, hanging 

 down over the aide*, of a deep-brown colour in winter and In 

 fawn-colour in summer, being in apriug (lightly mixed with gray : the 

 head i* of a very pale yellow or straw-colour, with a dark-brown h .md 

 on each side passing from the root of the ears to the corners of th" 



, . and encircling the eyes and bate of the horns ; the tail is short 

 and black, and the edges of the hips and interior of the thighs and 

 ean alone white. The face is straight, as in the goat ; the ears small, 

 erect, and pointed ; and the chin without n U-anl. In "M individuals. 

 particularly during the severe colds of winter, the clinks e'lin, an I 



throat turn white, and the breast ami belly are at all times of a light 

 i-ihery brown or yellow. I'lnterni-ii'li the extenml 

 u short thick coat of fine wool, which lie* close to the skin, an.) pi 

 tecte the animal from the rigours of the cold mountain regions wliieh 

 it inhabit*. The colours of both sexes are the same, but the females 

 are rather smaller than the male*, and have horn* less abruptly hooked 

 backwards. They go five months with young, and kid in March or 

 April, producing one or very rarely two at a birth, which they suckle 

 till the October following. The young are at first of a uniform deep 

 yellowish-brown, with the lower jaw, ides of the h.-.i'l mul throat, 

 white ; and the same dark band* through the eye* a* in the adults 

 only not extending so far back 



The Chainoia (Rupicapra Tragwt}. 



The Chamois, like the Ibex, inhabits the loftiest chains nf the 

 primitive mountain ridges, and displays all the vivacity, restlessness, 

 and agility of the common goat. It is extremely impatient of heat, 

 ami 'luring summer is only to be found on the tops of the highest 

 mountains, or in deep glens where the snow lies throughout the 

 year : in winter, however, it descends to the lower ridges, and it is 



then only that the hunters can pursue it with any \,-\ I success. 



Its senses of sight and smell are remarkably acute ; it scents a man 

 at a very great distance, and displays the greatest restlessness and 

 alarm till it obtains a sight of the object of its terror, leaping 

 upon the highest rocks at hand in order to command a more exten- 

 sive prospect, and uttering suppressed whistle or hissing soiinil, 

 being all the time in a state of the greatest agitation ; but no sooner 

 does he appear in sight than it flies with the utmost speed, scaling 

 rocks which few other animals could attempt, ami. if not intercepted 

 by stratagem, soon leaves its pursuers far behind. The usual ami 



t ,i ; of '., ',: ngth < h: "i"!- IB thai for* \--\- :i p my 



of hunters to unite, and surround some mount, tin-glen which they 

 are previously known to frequent for the purpose "f lying mi the 

 fresh snow during the daytime; towards this point the hunter* 

 advance simultaneously, when the animals, of course scenting those 

 which come down the wind, retire in an opposite direction and are 

 I .ted by another party. The food of the Chamois consists of 

 mountain herbs, flowers, and the tender shoots of trees and shrubs ; 



in drinks. Nothing can be more admirable than the 

 with which it ascends and descends rocks apparently perpendicular. 

 It does not descend at a single bound nor in a vrtieal .lirei lion, but 

 by projecting itself obliquely or diagonally i triking the 



face of the rock three or four times with its feet for tin' purpose of 

 renewing its force, or directing it more steadily to the ]>int it aims 

 at; and in this manner it will descend a rock alni"-t perpendicular of 

 twenty or thirty feet in height, without the xnmllc-: upon 



which to rest its feet. This animal itial to salt, ami 



many stones are met with in the Alps, hollowed by the continual 

 licking of the Chamois on account of the saltpetre with wliieh they 

 abound. The species is found in all the high mount i 



and western Asia, in the Pyrenees, the \lps. the Can 

 and <;,<'i iii mountains, the chains of Caucasus and Tiiuru 

 perhaps in other situations. 



A ntilofttpra 



Has erect horns arising directly over the orbit, and ending in a 

 conical recurved tip; the nose ovine, hairy ; the fur very close ; the 

 hairs stiff, coarse, flattened, wavy; the t it. 



65. A. Amrritana (Ant / /. II. Smit in. the Cubrit, ..r Prong- 



H'-ni. called Cabree by the Canadian Voyagcurs. and The < 

 F ir-Tradcr. This animal measures 4 feet 4 inches from the nose to 

 tin root of the tail ; its height is 3 feet at the shoulder, and the same 



