r.\. < \ 



HAIiOER. 



with alternate rings of black and yellow, the two lait colours alone 

 appearing externally, and by their mixture giving rue to the greenish 

 nhiwl. 1 that |>rodi>minatM over all the upper part* of the head and body. 

 The under part* of the body are equally covered with long fine hair, 

 but ..i'n unit'.. nn lii;ht-brown or silvery-gray colour, and more sparingly 

 furnished than on the back and aide* ; the whisker* are thin and 

 directed backwards ; there is a small orange-coloured beard on the 

 chin ; the hair on the temples is directed upwards, and meeting from 

 both aides forms a pointed ridge or crest on the crown of the head ; 

 and the tail, abort as it U, is terminated by a small brush. The face 

 and ear* are naked, and of a glossy black colour like polished ebony ; 

 the cheek-bone* form prominent elevations on each side of the nose, 

 as in the Mandrill, only not nearly so large ; neither are they marked 

 with the same aerie* of alternate ridges and furrows, nor with the 

 brilliant and varied colours which render that species so remarkable ; 

 the palms of the hands and sole* of the feet are also naked in the 

 Prill, and of a deep copper-colour ; the colour of the skin, when seen 

 beneath the hair, is uniform dark-blue, and that of the naked callosities 

 bright-red. The female differs from the male by her smaller size, 

 shorter head, and much paler colour ; and the young males exhibit 

 the same characters up to the time of their second dentition. 



The Wood-Baboon, the Cinereous Baboon, and the Yellow Baboon of 

 Pennant, are all manifestly referrible to this species, and differ only 

 from the difference of the age and sex of the specimens from which 

 he took his description. The habits and manners of the Drill have 

 not been observed in a state of nature, nor do we find the animal 

 itself indicated in the works of any of the travellers which we have 

 consulted. In its native country it is probably confounded with the 

 Mandrill, at least by casual and passing observers, but it is frequently 

 brought into this country, and ia well known as a menagerie-animal. 

 It* habit* in confinement do not appear to differ in any material 

 respect from those of its congener*. 



BA'CCA, the technical name by which botanists distinguish the 

 fruit commonly called a Berry. While however the English word i- 

 familiarly applied to all soil fruits, of whatever construction internally, 

 it is strictly i waking made use of to designate those fruit* only which 

 have a thin skin, are pulpy internally, and have several seeds finally 

 lying loose in the pulpy mass ; such are the gooseberry, currant, 

 grape, fruit of the potato, &c. When a fruit has only a fleshy rind, 

 without any internal pulpiness, as is the case with the capsicum, 

 it is not called a Berry, but a Berried Capsule. It will be seen 

 that this definition excludes the berries of the hawthorn, the rasp- 

 berry, the orange, the rose, &c. [POME ; KT.ERIO ; HESPF.RIDIUM ; 

 CYSARRHODON.] 



BA'CCHA, a genus of Insect* belonging to the natural order JHptera 

 and family Syrphida;. The species of this genus of two-winged flies 

 are peculiar in having the two basal joints of the abdomen remarkably 

 long and slender, with the remaining joints depressed, and suddenly 

 increased in breadth. They are generally of a black or bronze colour, 

 with yellow spots or markings. They are met with near London, and 

 frequent flowers. 



BACILLA'RIA, a large family of Infusorial Animalcules, constituted 

 by Ehrenberg, who includes in it upwards of 30 genera. The silicious 

 shields of these animalcules are amongst the most numerous of the 

 form* of Micrfaoaria in the Cretaceous, Tertiary, and Superficial 

 Deposit*. Xanlhidia occur in the Chalk and it* included nodules of 

 flint : GaiOontUce, A'aricular, Actinocycli, Cotcinoduci, (lomphonemtr, 

 and other genera, abound in the white Tertiary Marls of Greece, Italy, 

 Bohemia, England, and North America. The Silicious Beds of Bohemia 

 (Polierschiefer), which are 14 feet in thickness, contain innumerable 

 shields of A'aricuAr, and probably few of the superficial lacustrine 

 deposit* of Europe are wholly devoid of these exuvuc. [DIATOMACE&] 

 BA'CTRIS, a genus of Palms, consisting of a considerable number 

 of species, found about rivers and in marshy places in America within 

 the tropics, especially near the Line. Their trunk is usually of 

 moderate height, or even dwarfish, never exceeding 20 feet ; sometimes 

 having the stout tree-like aspect of palm* in general, but often 

 more resembling reeds. They often grow in dense patches, forming 

 iinpawable thickets, on account of the numerous, long, hard, black 

 spines with which the stem is protected. The wood is generally 

 hard and black towards the outside, but pale yellow internally, with 

 black fibres. The leaves usually grow all over the surface of the stem, 

 inttmd of being confined to the summit only. They have extremely 

 spiny stalk*, and are either pinnated after the manner of the date-palm, 

 or merely consist of two broad, sharp, diverging, plaited lobe*. The 

 fruit is small, soft, with a subacid rather fibrous pulp inclosed in a 

 bluish-black rind, and affords a grateful fruit to small birds. 



Bacirit aranlkoearpa, a specie* which grows 12 or IS feet high in 

 the primicval woods about Bahia, forming patches 30 feet in circum- 

 ference, and having elegant pinnated leave* 6 or 8 feet long, with stout 

 spines on their stalks, yield* an extremely tough thread, from which 

 the native*, who call it Tucum, manufacture strong net*. It* drupe* 

 are of a kind of vermilion-red, bristling with short black prickle*. 

 Martiu* mentions 17 other specie*. 



BACri.l'TKS, a genus of Lamarck's Polythalamous or Many- 

 Chambered Cephalopoda, belonging to the family of An 

 BaciUila, which wan first discovered by Faujas de St. Kond in tin- 

 limestone of Maestricht, is only known in a fossil state, and is com 



paratively abundant in the limcatono of Valognea, in Normandy. 

 The shell is straight, more or lens compressed, conical, or rather 

 tu|ring to a point, and very much elongated. The chambers are 





Itaetrit acanthocarpn . 



sinuous, and pierced by a marginal siphon, and the last chamber is 

 several inches in length. Baculitt* vtrttbralw, Montfort, afford* a 

 good example of the genus. [AMMONITES.] 



Jlnculitf* rfrlrbralis. 

 a, 6, Portion* of Jtarulitri reilrbralit ; r, a detached piece of the same. 



BADGER (Mdet, Cuvier), a genus of Plantigrade Carnivorous 

 Mammals included by Linntcus among the Bears, but, as well as the 

 Gluttons, Racoons, Coatis, kc,, very properly separated from that 

 group by succeeding naturalists. 



This genus, as definitely characterised by modern zoologist*, is 

 distinguished by a *ystem of dentition which is in many respects 

 analogous to that of the Moufette* (Mephitit), a genus of Carnirora, 

 which indeed is scarcely to be recognised as differing from the badgers 

 except in the plantigrade or rather semi-plantigrade formation of 

 their extremities. There is nothing remarkable either in the *'w r 

 number of the incisor or canine teeth ; the grinders however are in 

 some renpect* peculiar, and it is this part of the dentition \\hieli 

 principally distinguishes the Badgers. There are 4 false molars in 

 the upper and 8 in the nnder jaw, 2 and 4 on each side respectively, 

 followed by a carnas*ier and a single tuberculous tooth of large 

 dimensions. The whole system is better ud.'iptcd for masticating and 

 bruising vegetable substances than for cutting and tearing raw flesh; 



