- 



'. N V. 



r.nTUYM 



. - 



acicular or other rrjrUU 

 antterad among vegetable Utme. 



*mV~m, kidney-rt.ped. 



t^fimmli, inverted, so that the prt 

 which i. naturally lowernwt btcomrt 



XrtintMrd, tnvencd by vein. baring 

 the appearance of network. 



JM*w, blunt, and turned Inwards more 

 than obtuse. 



JTAiiiM. a creeping item like that of 

 Irta. 



X*ol-Sloct, same ai 



Attntt, furnished with a wrt of beak. 



Katmlair, having the leaves arranged in 



Ultle rose-like cluster*. 

 XumiiHiteJ, pierced by numerous per- 



foratlons full of chaffy matter like 



a nutmeg. 

 Runner, the prostrate stem of inch 



plant* a* the strawberry. 



Safillale, resembling the head of an 



ancient arrow. 

 Samara, a kind of one-needed imle- 



hiscent pericarp, with a wing at one 



end. 

 Sap.lTood, the newly formed wood, 



which hag not been hardened by the 



deposit of secreted matter. 

 Sarcoearp, the intermediate fleshy layer 



between the epicarp and rndoearp. 

 Stale, an abortive leaf. 

 Seape, the flowering stem of a plant. 

 Scariotu, dry, thin, and shrivelled. 

 ficrotievlitte, irregularly pitted. 

 SrutfllttiH, the fructifying space upon 



the thallus of a lichen. 

 Serwiuf, arranged or turned to one side. 

 SmutJinf, the second integument of 



the ovule. 



Stpalt, the leaves of'the calyx. 

 Kepta, same as Diuepimrtit. 

 Septieidal, when the dissepiments of a 



fruit are divided into two plates at 



the period of dchisccnce. 

 Septifragat, when the dissepiments of 



a fruit are broken through their 



middle by the separation of the back 



of the carpels from the centre. 

 Sericeotu, silky. 



Serrate, toothed like the edge of a saw. 

 Krailr, seated close upon anything, 



without a stalk. 



Setofe, covered with scUe or bristles. 

 Shield, the fnictifieatiun of lichens. 

 Siymi.iJ, bent like the letter S. 

 Xilirle, a short two-valred pod, such 



as is found in garden cress. 

 Siliqtif, the same but longer ; as in the 



cabbage. 

 Kinnate, turning in and out in an irre- 



gular manner. 



tori, the fructification of ferns. 

 Spadiceom, resembling a spadix, or 



bearing that kind of inflorescence. 

 Kpadtr, the inflorescence of an arum ; 



an axis closely covered with sessile 



flowers, and inclosed in a spatbe. 

 Bpathacemu, inclosed within a spathe, 



or bearing that klndcf bract. 

 Kpatltr, a large coloured bract which 



inrloes a spadix. 

 Bpatulate, shaped like a druggist's spa. 



tula ; thnt Is, limit, narrow, and 



broadest at the point. 

 Bpikt, an inflorescence in which the 



flowers are sessile upon their 



axi>. 

 Sj,Hrlet, one of a great many small 



pikes collected in a mast; a> in 



trusses. 

 Spine, a stiff, sharp-pointed, leafless 



branch. 

 Spoxfiolt, or Spmiaelrt, the tender 



growing tip of the root. 

 Spore, or Sporule, the reproductive body 



of flowerless plants, analogous to the 



seed of flowering plants. 



Squamae, composed of part* which 



diverge at right angles, and arc ine- 



gnlar in size and direction. 



Stamen, the fertilising organ of l flnwtr, 



consisting of filament and nnthcr. 

 Standard, the upper single petal of a 

 papilionaceous flower. 



Strtlate, arranged in the form of a 

 star. 



upper end of the style, on 

 hich the pollen falls. 



Slip,, the stalk that bean the head of 

 a mushroom ; also the stalk of the 

 leaf of a fern ; also the stalk of any- 

 thing except of a leaf or a flower. 



Stipulate, fiirni-heil with stipules; n- 

 tlipulale, having no stipules. 



stipule, the scale at the baso of some 



Stomate, a minute hole in a leaf, 



through which respiration is sup. 



posed to be carried on ; a breathing 



pore. 

 Stripate, covered with stiff unequal 



h;tin. 

 Strophiolate, having little fungous ex. 



eresecnees surrounding the hilum. 

 Stvptae, having a tuft of hair* in the 



middle or at the end. 

 Stale, the stalk of tl.e stigma. 

 Subulate, awl-thaped. 

 Synenrpota, having the carpels con. 



solidated. 



Terete, taper. 



Ternale, united in threes. 



Tftla, the skin of the seed. 



Tetradtnamoui, having 6 stamens in 



four parcels ; two of which consist 



of two stamens, and two of one each. 

 Trtrnndroits, having 4 stamens. 

 Thallus, the leafy part of a lichen ; the 



union of stem and leaf in those and 



some other tribes of imperfect plans. 

 Theca, the ease which contains the spo. 



rules of flowerless plants. 

 Tamealote, covered with short close 



down. 



Toothed, the same as Dentate. 

 Tarulose, alternately contracted and 



distended. 

 Torus, the growing point of a flower on 



which the carpels arc placed. 

 Tritindrous, having 3 stamens. 

 Trifarious, arranged in three rows. 

 Trifd, divided into three lobes. 

 Trifi,liolate, having three leaflets. 

 Tripartite, divided into three deep di. 



visions. 

 Tripinnate, when each leaflet of a pin- 



nated leaf is pinnate ; and the leaflets 



of the latter are pinnate also. 

 Tritrrnate, when each leaflet of a tcr. 



nate leaf is tcrnatc ; nnd the leaflets 



of the latter arc ternate also. 

 Truncate, abruptly cut off. 

 Tuiie, the part of a flower where the 



haws of the sepals, petals, or stamens 



arc united. 

 Tnl'fr, a deformed, fleshy kind of un- 



derground *ti in. 

 Turliinate, shaped like a spinning top. 



Umbel, an inflorescence whose branches 



all radiate from one common point. 

 I'mliiliratt, having a depression in the 



middle. 

 t'mhonate, having a host or elevated 



point in the middle. 

 I'ndttlated, wavy. 

 t'liguirulatr, furnished with a claw, or 



short stalk. 



Emulate, shaped like a pitcher. 

 I'lrich, a small bladder. 



Taainn, the sheath formed by the con- 



volution of a flat petiole round a 



tern. 

 1'aln, one of the parts into which any 



dehiscent body divides. 

 Vatculnr, containing vessels ; that is, 



spiral vessels or ducts. 

 1'entrifnse, inflated. 

 Vernation, '.lie manner in which the 



> nung leaves arc arranged In their 



leaf-bud. 



Ttrrueau, covered with warts. 

 1'eriatilr, swinging lightly upon a sort 



of pivot. 

 1'rrtirillate, arranged in a whorl. 



I'l-rillum, same a Nlnnilanl. 



t'illiaa, covered with long soft shaggy 

 hair. 



I'tHatf, striped, ai distinguished from 



fasclate, or banded. 

 H'Anr/, an arrangement of more leaves 



than two around a common centre 



upon the sai 



I'irgatr, having long slender rod-like 



i .. -. 

 fiM/w, a fleshy bag, interposed be. 



tween the embryo and albumen in 



tome seeds. 



BOTAUHUS. [Enroix.] 



IliiTlllIliH-Kl'llAl.rs. [ESTOZOA.] 



lioTHYNu IT.iiLS. a genus of < * Insects of the f. 



Curculionulir. It is known by the following characters : l'....!y 

 obloug; rortntni thick, longer thiin the head, bent downwards, and 

 having a longitudinal elevated line above. AnU !, 

 rather short and thick, twelve-jointed ; the banal joint Ion..-, thiekein-d 

 the apex; the second joint short and stout; the' third twice aa 

 long 08 the hint ; the four following abort; the eighth rather I 

 than the last; the remaining or terminal > < llr shaped 



club. Thorax narrower before than behind, the base with an ii 

 si"ii in the middle. Elytra oblong, with aa obtuse tubercle towanU 

 the apex. Legs moderate ; femora simple. 



Thin genus apparently links the genera Clfoniu and Liitu 

 together. The species are in general very prettily mottled, the 

 common colours being black, or gray, and white. In this country 

 but one species baa yet been discovered, and of that only two or 

 three specimens have been found : it iff about half an inch loug and 

 of a white colour, having the central part of the thorax, together 

 with a fascia and four spota on the wing-cases, black. The species 

 here described is the Bothynoderet albidta (Citrculio allndta of 

 Fabricus). 



BOTIA, a genus proposed by Dr. J. E. Gray for the Spined Loche, 

 or Groundling, usually included under Cvliilu. [ConiTis.] 



BOTRY'CHIUM, a genus of Ferns belonging to the sub-order 

 Otmnndatta and the tribe Oph ioglour.ce of that family. It ban i ! 

 thecjc disposed in a compound spike attached to a pinnate or bipinnnte 

 frond. There is only one species a native of Great Britain, (!, /.'. 

 Lutuiria, Common Moonwort. It has a Bolitarj" pinnate frond, witli 

 notched or crenatc, lunate or fan-shnped piunic. This is not a 

 very conspicuous fern, but has been observed in almost every part 

 of Great Britain. It grows on dry open heaths, elevated pastures, 

 and waste lands which are generally shunned by other species of 

 ferns. 



In former times the ferns hod a great reputation in medicine, not no 

 much on account of their obvious as their supposed virtues. The 

 lunate-shape of the pinntc of this feni gave it its common name, and was 

 the origin of much of the superstitious veneration with which , 

 ri'^Tii-iU'd. When used it was gathered by the light of the IIKKIII. 

 Gerarde says : " It is singular to heal green and fresh wounds. It 

 hath been used among the alchymists and witches to do wonders 

 withal), who say that it will loose locks and in:.kr t'u-m to fall from 

 the feet of horses that grase where it doth grow, and hath IKKMI 

 of tlu'in Mnrtagun, whereas in truth they are all but drowsy dreams 

 and illusions ; but it is singular for wounds as aforesaid." Its 

 healing powers are now however as much disregarded aa its magical 

 ones. 



R. Viryinicum, the Rattlesnake Fern, is a native of North America, 

 and is the largest of the species. It is called Rattlesnake Fern IV. mi 

 the fact of its growing in places where this venomous reptile is usually 

 found. The other species of Bulrychium are mostly natives of North 

 America. (Loudon, Eneydoptrdia of Plantt; Newman, Ilia' 



' 



, a tribe of Tunicated Mollutca, of which the genus 

 wt is tin- type. The species are not uncommon on the coasts 

 <>f Britain. Tlu-y form translucent jelly-like masnes of various hues, 

 sometimes uniform in tint and sometimes beautifully variegated, and 

 are found encrusting the surface of rocks or attached to the fronds of 

 some of the large sea-weeds that grow at the bottom of the sea, or not 

 unfrequently attached to the other forms of Mulliora. On examining 

 one of these gelatinous masses closely they present the appearance of 

 stars, having a central point and numerous radii Unless exn> 

 closely they present little signs of life, but when a magnifying powrr 

 is applied currents of water are seen passing to ami from .small ajirrtuivs 

 with which the surface is covi-ivd. Savigny, the illustrious 1 

 naturalist, was the first observer who apprehended the nature of 

 curious beings, and gave on account of their structure in his celebrated 

 'M&noires sur les Auimaux sans Vertebres.' Ms time the 



RiitryUldrt had been confounded with the Polypet, and regarded as 

 analogous to Alcyonium. The earliest figures of them are to be found 

 in the ' Philosophical Transactions ' for 1757 by Schlosaer, who waa a 

 correspondent and friend of John Ellis. The latent researches upon 

 these creatures are thoae of Milne-Edwards in 1839, who in a ji.ip.r 

 read before the Institute of France fully confirmed the correctness of 

 Savignv*s views. The animals of this tril> have been divided into 

 several genera, of \\lmli the following are British : 



.\liliiliiiin. Sav. (Irlatiuous or cartilaginous, with no central cavity, 

 but a distinct circumscription. Animals 3 to 2fi in number, in a 

 single row, at equal distances from the centre of tlieir rotnnn > 

 Three species are given by Forlien and Hnnley in the ' 1 

 Mollusca,' but with the statement that they ie.|uire "careful re- 

 examinalion." These are A. ficiu, Linn.; A. falla,r, Johnston; A. 

 nutani, Johnston. 



