BULLHEAD. 



BULLION. 



Temminck received his specimen from Professor Lichtenstein ; an< 

 it was one of the discoveries of the travellers sent some years ago b; 

 the King of Prussia into Egypt with a view of obtaining objects o 

 natural history. 



A species from the Himalaya Mountains, Pyrrhula erythrocephala 

 figured in Mr. Gould's beautiful work, comes near to the common 

 Bullfinch of Europe except in the form of the tail, which is decidedl; 

 forked, while in the European it is nearly even. There is a speciniei 

 of Pyrrhula erythroctphala in the British Museum, and another in 

 that of the Zoological Society. 



P. Gigathinea. This species is characterised by a very thick bill, an 

 a slightly notched tail. The colours of the sexes do not vary greatly 

 In the male a grayish colour tinted with bright-rose covers all th 

 lower parts of the body, the throat, and the circle round the bill 

 this tint is palest on the throat. The crown of the head is pure ash 

 colour, and an ashy brown is spread ovef the nape, the back, and 

 the wing-coverts. A faint rose-cokiur tinges the plumage of the rump 

 and the edges of the quills and tail-feathers, all of which are borderec 

 towards the end with whitish upon a black ground. The two rniddl< 

 quills are the shortest. The wings reach to the extremity of th 

 tail-feathers ; the bill is of a fine red. Length 4 inches 6 lines. 



The female has no rosy tint except on the edges of the quills and 

 tail-feathers, and on the rump, where it is very faint. The upper 

 parts are of an Isabella-brown, and the wings edged with a brighter 

 tint of the same. The circle round the bill and the throat are ash 

 coloured ; the lower parts of a pure Isabella-colour ; and the middle 

 of the belly white. Bill same as in the male. 



This bird is figured in the great French work on Egypt (plate 5, 

 fig. 8), and was sent home some years ago by the German travellers to 

 the north of Africa. It inhabits Egypt and Nubia. There are specimens 

 in the Berlin museum, and in those of the Netherlands and of Frankfort. 



P. cintreola. Head, cheeks, back, and scapulars, ashy-bluish ; wings 

 and tail darker, but all the feathers of those parts are bordered with 

 ash-colour. There is a small white spot on the wing, formed by the 

 white towards the base of the quills, beginning with the fourth ; tht 

 first three have no white. All the lower parts are white, with the 

 exception of the flanks, which are clouded with ash-colour. Bill 

 coral-red, very strong, large, and as it were swollen (bombe'). Feet 

 ash -coloured. Length 4 4 inches. Inhabits Brazil, where it is said to 

 be common. 





Pyrrhula cinereota. 



BULLHEAD. [Corrm] 



BULLHEAD, ARMED. [AspiDOPHORTm] 



BU'LLID-E, ;i family of Marine Molliuca, which Lamarck arranges 

 among his Gasteropods, between the Calyptracians on one side and 

 the Laplysians on the other, making the family to consist of the 

 three following genera, Acera or Akera, Bulltea, and Sulla. Cuvier 

 finds a situation for it in his fourth order of Gasteropods, the Tecti- 

 branchians (Monopleurobranchiana of De Blainville), which includes 



HAT. HIST. DI7. VOL. I. 



both Aplysia and Umbrella. De Blainville places it next but one to 

 his Aplysians (his family Patdloidea intervening) under the family 

 Akera, the fourth of his third order Monopleurobranchiata, of his 

 second sub-class Paracephalophora Manoica, of his second class Para- 

 cephalophora. 



Forbes and Hanley make it the first family of the Gasteropoda 

 opisthobranchifita. They observe that " this tribe may be considered 

 intermediate between the two great sections of Gasteropoda. The 

 shells of its mollusks are always convolute and more or less enveloped 

 by the animal ; sometimes entirely invested, more rarely absent. 

 Except in the case of Tornatdla there is no operculum. The head of 

 the animal is in the form of a single or lobed disk, and its lateral 

 lobes are often greatly developed, so as in many species to serve as 

 swimming organs. The foot is in some extremely small, in others a 

 crawling disk of considerable dimensions. There are more than 150 

 species of this family known. They inhabit all parts of the world, 

 and some of them are very widely diffused." The best account of 

 the family that has yet appeared is by Mr. Arthur Adams in the 

 ' Thesaurus Conclyliorum ' of Mr. G. B. Sowerby, Jun. 



The following are illustrations of some of the genera : 



Acera, Lamarck, Lobaria, De Blainville, has its body oval-oblong, 

 sub-globular, appearing to be divided into four parts : one anterior 

 for the head and thorax, 

 one on each side for the 

 natatory appendages or 

 fins, and one posterior 

 for the viscera. The 

 anterior fleshy disk 

 terminates in an ap- 

 proach to a point near 

 the middle of the body : 

 the branchiae covered 

 by the mantle are so 

 posterior that they 



seem to be almost at I/obaria m Cuy 



the extremity of the 



body, and below them would be the analogous situation for the shell, 

 of which there is not even a rudimentary trace. 



BulUea. Lamarck assigned this name to those of the family which 

 have the shell entirely hidden in the substance of the mantle. This 

 shell is very open and delicate, and can hardly be said to have more 

 than the first rudiment of the rolled-up form which is in BiMa carried 

 to greater perfection. Hulked aperta, Lam. (Hiiltoa Planciana, Lam., 

 in the early edition of the 'Syst. des Anim. sans Vert.') ; Amygdala 

 marina (Amande de Mer), Plane. ; Bulla aperta, Lin. ; Bidla aperta and 



BuUcca (fiulla) aperta. 



A, view of the back ; B, side view, the right ; C, tho same, but the ven- 

 ral fleshy plate separated from the dorsal to show the parts between ; D, 

 -iew of the under side ; a, the fleshy plate which covers the anterior part of 

 he body ; t, the fleshy plate that acts as a foot ; f, the part which contains the 

 hell ; rf, a part of the branclihc ; e, the vent ; /, the common orifice of the 

 esticle and oviduct ; E, shell in, its natural position ; F, view of the under or 

 oncave side. 



Lobaria quadriloba, Gmelin, which is found in almost all seas, and 

 very common on the shores of Great Britain, will serve for an 

 xample. The animal is whitish, more than an inch in length, and, 

 Cuvier observes, the fleshy shield formed by the vestiges of the 

 /entacula, the lateral borders of the foot, and the mantle occupied by 

 lie shell, seem to divide it into four portions, whence Gmelin's term 

 uadriloba. The shell is delicate, white, semitransparent, and consists 

 Imost entirely of aperture. The stomach or gizzard is armed with 

 three very thick rhomboidal bones or rather shelly pieces. 



2 Y 



