BULLIDJJ. 



BULI.1H.K. 



Stdltta hu been found at depth ranging from near the surface to 

 13 fathom*. Mr. W. Clark found three English specieo, two of them 

 (BtJtaa catna and B. puactata'i at Exmouth and Torquay, in pool* at 

 the time of the lowest ipring-tidei ; and a third (Buticea pruiaota) by 

 dredging off Budleigh Salterton. The depth is not mentioned, but 

 it U probable that it wa* considerable, for tho author says that it U 

 rare, and only occasionally to be procured by deep dredging seven or 

 eight niilea from the shore. The first of Mr. Clark.'* species, which 

 'u Bulla catena of Montagu, had a testaceous gizzard, but the gizzards 

 of the other two were unfurnished with shelly appendages. (See 

 XT. Clarke's description, ' ZooL Jouru.' vol. iii. p. 337). O. Sowerby, 

 when speaking of the use of the shelly species and their powerful 

 adductor muscles, states that the animal of Bullaa aptrla is sometimes 

 distorted by having swallowed entire a Corbula nucleus, which is a 

 very thick and strong shell, nearly equal in size to itself. 



De Blaiuville says of this genus that he characterises it somewhat 

 differently from Lamarck, who establishes it, and who only places 

 under it the Aeerala, whose shell is internal; but as De Blaiuville 

 considers the animal to be of the first consequence, he distinguishes 

 under the name of Bui bra those species which, whether their shell 

 be external or internal, have the foot thickest and not dilated into 

 natatory appendages, having, in fact, habits different from the Sulla, 

 according to his acceptation of the term, which swim 

 very well and creep very badly. He divides Bullaa 

 into 



1st Those species which have an internal shell 

 very incompletely rolled up without spire or colu- 

 nH-llii, and selects as his eaxmple Bullaa aperta, the 

 species figured in the preceding page. 



2nd. Those species whose shell is internal and 

 very incompletely rolled up, with a coluuiella and 

 alveolar spire (spire reutree), and gives as an example 

 BuUa ampulla. 



3rd. Species whose shell is internal, the lateral 

 lobes cirrhous and more developed, and gives as 

 an example Ferussac's BuUtta (Quoy et Gaimard), 

 here figured from the ' Atlas Zoologique ' of the voyage of the Urauie. 

 In the ' Additions and Corrections ' to his ' Malacologie,' De Blaiu- 

 ville says, that, in studying more attentively the species of these two 

 genera, it seems to him that the greater part would be better placed 

 under Bulla than under Bullita, where he would leave only the 

 species which serves for the type, and another which was brought 

 from the seas of Australia by Quoy and Qaimard. He then proposes 

 an entirely new arrangement into seven groups represented by the 

 following genera : 1. Ballina (Bulliiie) 

 of Ferussoc, with a projecting spire 

 (example Bulla Lajonkairiana, Bast.) 

 J . .l/>/urirc(Schum.) 3. Bulla. 4. Atys 

 (Montf.) 5. The form represented by 

 Bulla fragUit. 6. Scaphander (Montf.), 

 which is Bulla liynaria. 7. Bullcea 

 (Lam.). 



Sormetui. Cuvier observes that this 

 form approach, s very closely to that of 

 his Bullied', but he adds that he does 

 Sonutu, AdannHii. not find BU ffi c j eut certainty in the 



imperfect materials afforded by Adanson to enable him to found 

 either a genus or even a species on them. De Blaiuville places it as 

 a genus next to Lobaria ; but his description and figure are taken 

 from Adanson, and he is obliged to add that it is established upon an 

 animal "assez incomplctement connu." 



Bulla. Besides the true Bullida, the heterogeneous Bulla of Linnaeus 

 comprised some of the Phym and Achalina, and of the Ovuia, Teitbella, 

 Pyrula, ic. : in short, the genus comprised animals of entirely 

 different organisation. Terrestrial and marine testocea the former 

 breathing air and the latter respiring water were there placed side 

 by side. Lamarck retains the name (and Cuvier seems to adopt his 

 arrangement) for the species whose shell covered by a slight epidermis 

 U sufficiently large to afford a retreat to the animal, and is more 





Bulla frafilu. 



A, the ihell nhowln the aperture ; C, a view of the spiral end, showing the 

 way In which the itheU U rolled ap ; B, the animal. 



perfectly rolled up than the shell of Jlulltea. Lamarck describee the 

 hell of his Bulta as completely rolled up (enroulce), showing itself 

 constantly uncovered. It is, generally speaking, only partially enveloped 

 by the animal, which can retreat into it almost entirely ; has no distinct 

 columella nor any true spire, unless indeed that term be applicable 



to the apex of Bulla fragilii, which we now proceed to describe. Its 

 hell U ovate-oblong, very thin and fragile, of a hum colour, with 

 very small transverse stria;, and the apex rues into the rudin, 

 a projecting spire. 



It u the Aktra bullata of O. F. Muller, and is not uncommon ou the 

 British coasts. We now proceed to give an example of those species 

 which, while they have a little more solidity than Sulla frayUit, are 

 still very delicate and fragile in their texture. 



II. Velum. The shell U very delicate, of a very light horn-colour 

 when in fine condition, with a snow-white band about the niMillv. 

 bordered on each aide with a broad dark -brown one ; the apex and 

 base are white, both bordered with dark brown bands. 



Sulla Velum. 



B. ampulla. The shell is ovate and subglobose, beautifully mottled 

 with white, plum-colour, and reddish. Instead of a spire there is an 

 umbilical alveolus. Lamarck gives as a locality both the luiliuu and 

 American oceans ; Deshayea, the European ocean and the 1 1 



Bulla ampulla. 



B. liynaria (Scaplnuuli / liyaqpiue) is a common species on our coasts. 

 It bos a testaceous stomach or gizzard, HO well known as the vehicle 

 of Qioeni's half error, half fraud. He found these testaceous gizzards 

 and elevated them immediately to t-Le rank of shells ' sui generis ' 

 literally, for he gave the genus his own imme, and imposed upon 

 many : he went so far as to describe the habits of his pretended 

 testaceous animal. Draparnaud, tirst exposed this piece of 

 charlatanerie. 



B. Hydatet, Limucus, and B. Crunch ii, Leach, are found in the 

 British seas. B. iiinlia, Philijij'i, /' C'hiaje, are recorded as 



British, but may be regan .Ktful. 



The following genera of li found in (li-cat Britain: 



Cylichna, eight species [CYUCHJI A] ; .l>n/Ji !*//> mltlla 



fruciata ; .-!/, Jlallu, tv. liyimriut ; 



Philine, six species. 



FuuU Bui: 



Lamarck enumerates four fossil species, all of them from Qrignon ; 

 Q. Sowerby says that such are only to be distinguished in the T. 

 Beds and in the Qreeusaud. Deshayes in his tables, speaking of 

 tertiary fossils only, gu .! species of Bullira, one from tin- 



sub-Apenniue Beds, and one fro m Turin. Of linlln he cmin 

 twenty-three fossil in the Ten ami of these, two are both 



living and fossil, namely, H. lii/mii-in ami II. niii/mHa. The first he 

 places in Sicily, in the sub-Apennine Beds (Italy), and the English 

 Crag at Bordeaux and Dax, in Touraine, at Turin, Angers, Pai i 

 Valognes; in short, in the beds of tho Pliocene, Miocene, and Eocene 

 periods of Lyell. The second, Deshaycs quotes as occurring in beds 

 of the Pliocene period only, namely, those of Sicily and the sub- 

 Apennine Beds (Italy). In his edition of Lamarck (vol. vii., 1836,) he 

 takes no notice of U. ampulla as a fo*.il, but notices B. itriata (which 

 he observes has been confounded with 11. i'/////>i> a.i a fossil .sjiecies. 

 He also remarks ou the confusion lii-tumi /;. ..,/(./<; ;.n.l />'. , ///iadriea, 

 and proposes that B. lolida should take the name of li. cy?t>/> 

 that the B. cylindrica of Bruguieres, living in the Mediterranean and 

 European seas, should be called B. cylindracta (Pennant's name) ; and 



