BUTCH Kit !ill:l>. 





- I 



pellucid, changeable, silvery, ferrugineous colour. A representation 

 of the head uf tho Kori Bustard in given at the end of the chapter. 

 IU body WM no thickly protected by feather* that our largest sized 

 hot made no impression, and taught by experience the hunter* never 

 fire at it but with a bullet. It is reckoned the beat of the winged 

 game in the country, not only on account of it* size but because it U 

 always found to abound in fat. The meat of it is not unlike that of 

 a turkey, but i certainly superior as possessing the flavour of game." 



BUTCH ER-KIKD. [LANIADA] 



linVHKKS HHOOM. [Ruscus.] 



BUTEA, a (tenus of plants belonging to the natural order Lry*ni- 

 nua, named fter Johu, Earl ot Bute, a great patron of botanist* 

 It has a campanulate calyx, 5-toothed, the two superior teeth 

 approximate and almost connected ; the corolla with a lanceolate 

 spreading vexillum ; keel incurved, equal in length to wings and 

 vexillum; the stamens diadelphous; the legume stipitate, compressed, 

 flat, membranous, indehiscent, 1 -seeded at the apex ; the seed large, 

 compressed. Tho species are natives of the East Indies. They arc 

 unarmed trees, with pinnately trifoliate leaves, with racemes of deep 

 scarlet flowers. 



H. frondota has pubescent branches ; roundish obtuse or emarginate. 

 leaflets, velvety beneath ; the corolla four times tho length of the 

 calyx ; the calycine teeth rather acute. It in a native of mountainous 

 districts in Hindustan. A red juice flow* from this tree, which when 

 evaporated is found to consist principally of tannin, and is brought 

 into the market under the name of East Indian Kino. The juice of 

 the common flowers, which in this species are two inches long, gives 

 to water a bright yellow colour similar to gamboge. This property is 

 also possessed by the dried petals. " The lac insect s are frequently 

 found upon the smaller branches of the tree, but whether the natural 

 juices of its bark contribute to improve their red colouring matter 

 has not been determined." (Q. Don.) 



B. tttprrba has glabrous branches ; roundish ovate obtuse leaflets, 

 velvety beneath ; the corolla four times the length of the calyx ; calyx- 

 teeth acute. It grows on the mountains of C'oromandeL It resembles 

 the last species, but is larger in all its parts. It yields the same kind 

 of juice. There are two other species described. 



(O. Don, Gardater'i Dictionary ; Lindley, Vegetable Kingdom.) 



BUTEO, a genus of Birds belonging to the order Raptortt 

 and the family Falconidir. It includes, according to Yarrell, two 

 British species, B. tulgarit, the Common Buzzard, and B. layopui, the 

 Rough-Legged Buzzard. [FALCOXID.*:.] Various other species of the 

 Palcattida have been included under this generic name. (Yarrell, 

 Brititk Birth.) 



BUTOMA'CE.E, Butomadi, the Butomus Tribe, a natural order of 

 . the tyi>e of which is the Butomttt umMlatut, a common 



Flowering Ruah (Butomui umMlatut). 



\, A Motion of * portion of a leaf; 2, in cntirr flnwrr ; 3, tho carpel* ; 

 4, the rip* fruit ; 5, a aeparale carpel ; 6, a traniTerae lection, showing how 

 the whole lining or the ripe carpeli U corertd with tcedi ; 7, * wed much 

 msfnUed; 8, longitudinal Mellon ot the lame; 9, s need terminating ; 

 10, the aame In s more advanced >Ute; c, the cotyledon; b, the plumule 

 uproullng ; a, the radicle juat bunting through IU integumenta. (N'.B. Thla 

 oflkn an illustration of the cndorhixal mode of germination.) 



water-plant of this country. It is vulgarly called the Flowering Rush, 

 and is accounted the handsomest herbaceous plant of the British 



Flora, Bulumaceir are briefly characterised by being Tripetuloideous 

 Endogens (that is, with three sepals distinct in size and colour from 

 the three petals), with several carpels, tin- wh..!.- lining of which is 

 covered with seeds. Thin simple ^ireum-tan 



.4/irmii. <'. with whirli they were once associated, and also distinguishes 

 them from all other monoootyledonous orders. The order is a very 

 small one, not containing more than three known genera, and about 

 half a dozen species, natives of equinoctial America, exclusive of the 

 ButuniHt umbrilatiu of Eugliuid, and another species of the same genus 

 occurring in Nepal 



Butomui itmbtUatut is a rush-like plant with three-cornered sword- 

 shaped leaves, and umbels of handsome rose-coloured flower*, 

 taming nine stamens, a peculiarity by which it i.- immediately 

 recognised among other wild flowers. The roots of it are regarded in 

 Russia as a specific iu hydrophobia ; but experiments made with t Ice -m 

 in this country have not confirmed the accounts of their influ< 

 this utterly iucuiable disease recorded by the Russian physicians. 



BUTT, a name for the Flounder. [PLATESHA.] 



BUTT K Kliril. [PKTASITIS.] 



BUTTEHFISH. [McRJEMoiDES.] 



BUTTERFLY. [LEPIDOITHRA.] 



BUTTF.RFLY-FISH. [Hi.KNNifs.] 



BUTTKHKI.V UKCIIIS. [ I'IM-AMIIKRA.] 



BUTTERFLY IM.A.NT. [UN. ILIUM.] 



BUTTERFLY-WEED, a name given in the United States to the 

 AtcUpiat (uieroM. [ASCLEPIAS.] 



BUTTERS, VEGETABLE, the name given to the concrete oil of 

 certain vegetables, from its resemblance to the butter obtained t'i >m 

 the milk of animals, and from being employed t'..r similur purposes. 

 The term is also occasionally, but improperly, applied to some 

 vegetable products which are entirely of a waxy nature, siieh 

 wax of the Myrica ctriftra. The name is likewise bestowed in SiWria 

 on certain algae, species of the genus .\vtlur, such as .V. jirunif orate. 

 The most important Vegetable Butters are produced by the Baaia 

 liatiirufia and other species of that genus (Battia) and certain palms, 

 such as the Coco* butyracea and the El ait Guineentu ; the forn 

 which is of great utility to the inhabitants of Brazil, where it grows 

 naturally, nnd to the negroes of St. Domingo, where it is cultivated ; 

 while the latter is very serviceable to the natives of Guinea. 



(Library uf Entertaining Knoirletlye Vegetable Subttancct, ifatrrial$ 



<,f MilHi'fiH'tMi;, p. 221.) 



BUTTER-TREE. [BASSIA.] 



BUTTERWORT. [PntOUlOTLA.] 



BUXBAUMIA, a genus of plants belonging to the natural order of 

 Mosses. It was named in honour of J. C. Buxbumn, a German 

 botanist, and author of a catalogue of plants of the environs of llall< . 

 and who first detected this m. BuztoiMUallM an oblique 



gibbous capsule; adouble pcristomr, the outiTt-oi^i--tin^ ..)' numerous 

 filiform erect joiutless teeth, the inner a plaited membranous com- ; 

 a minute mitriform calyptrs. There is but one species of this singular 

 genus, the B. <i/i/i///la. This plant is destitute of apparent loa\ . 

 looks more like a fungus than n moss. The ascending axis of t Im- 

 plant is in fact reduced to a little conical bulb, which is clothed with 

 minute scales, and these Mr. U.'l.ert Brown point'.! out as its leaves. 

 From the bulb arises a red tuberculated seta bearing the ivpro.l 

 organs, which is about an inch high. It is a very rare plant. It \\.i- 

 first discovered iu Great Britain at Sproughton near Xorwirh. It li ;i- 

 also been found in three or four localities in Scotland. (Smith's 

 >' I'liii-n, vol. v.) 



BUXUS, the genus of plants whose species afford the valuable hard 

 wood called Box. It is remarkable botauically as being the 

 northern arborescent plant of the natural order J-.'iiliorbiaec(r, all the 

 other trees of which are confined to mild or tropical climates. Its 

 iiwenti.il character is to have both the male and female tlowi -i-s upon 

 the same individual ; a 3- or 4 -parted calyx ; in the males a 2-lobed 

 scale and 4 stamens placed round the rudiment of an ovary ; in the 

 females S small scales, 3 styles, 3 blunt stigmas, and a 3-horned 

 3 -celled C-seeded capsulor fruit 



The only two certain species are B. itmpcrrircnt and it. /'" 

 The former, or common Box, forms a large evergreen bush or small tree, 

 common all over the south of Europe, from Spain to Constantinople, 

 and reaching even so far as the north of Persia, In this country it is 

 only found on warm chalky hills. Many varieties are known in gai 

 the most remarkable of which is the Dwarf-Box, so much used for tho 

 edgings of walks. Between this and the arborescent form the 

 difference is so great, that one wonders how they can be both the 

 same species, and Miller and others have even considered them . 1 

 But De Candolle states that the wild plant in France is very variable 

 in size, rising in some places to the height of 15 or 20 feet, an. I in 

 rocky localities not exceeding 3 feet It is from the arborescent 

 Btunu tempervirent thtft box-wood is obtained. For the turner, for 

 mathematical instruments, and especially for the uses of the wood- ' 

 engraver, it is invaluable. The French empl 



4tc. " Tho value of the box-wood sent from Spain to 1'ari < i 

 reported to amount to about 10,000 francs a year. In 1815, the 

 box-trees cut down on Box-Hill, near Dorking in Surrey, pmdueed 

 upwards of 10,000<." (Macculloch, ' Dictionary of Commerce. ) Great 

 quantities are imported from Turkey, and of fine quality. The 



