13 



el:!. vi-iirs. 



ItONOTUa 



H ; 



C. oriental* has the lower leaves jagged, those of the item bipinnate. 

 It i natire of Cappadocia and Armenia. 



C. tMatota, shrubby clothed with woolly tomentum, the leaves 

 oval-oblong, obtoae, craoated, wrinkled, soft. It is now cultivated in 

 thu country, but iu native district U unknown. It hu sweot-noeuted 

 flowers. There are several other species of Celtia, all of them closely 

 resembling the species of Vtrb<ucm, under which genus many of 

 them have been described. 



In the cultivation of the species of Ctltia, the seeds should be sown 

 on a gentle hot-bed, and when the plants are large enough they should 

 be set in separate pots, as they require the protection of a greenhouse 

 or frame the first winter. In the second year they may be plant*! 

 out about the month of May in any warm sheltered situation. They 

 will flower and ripen their seed in the open air. C. nblanata and 

 C. ,,'tr,-ijlara being shrubby plants should be treated as Pelargoniums 

 or other greenhouse shrubs. 



(Don, Gardmer't Dictionary.) 



CET.YPHUS, a genus of Dipterous Insects of the family Lauxanida 

 (Macquart). It has the following characters : Antenna) wide apart, 

 as long as the head, stylet rather thick and covered with fine hairs ; 

 cutellum convex, and covering the abdomen. 



This genus is one of the most extraordinary of the IHptcra, the 

 species having more the appearance of little beetles than two-winged 

 flies; the peculiarity is caused by the immense size of the scutellum, 

 which coven the whole abdomen and incloses the wings when at 

 rest. 



C. dbttctu* U about one-sixth of an inch in length ; the head is 

 yellow ; the last joint of the antenna: is black ; the thorax and 

 scutellum are of a bluish black colour with violet reflexions ; the 

 former U broader than long ; the abdomen is fawn-colour, the lega and 

 wings are yellowish, the latter with the base brown. It inhabits Java. 



C. tcnlattu very much resembles the one just described, but is of a 

 greenish copper-colour above and beneath ; it is found in the East 

 Indies. 



C. Afrifantu, is a small species inhabiting Sierra-Leone. 



CKNCHKIS, a genus of Snakes belonging to the family of Rattle- 

 snakes. [CROTALID.E.J 



( 'KN'TAU'KEA, a very extensive genus of plants belonging to the 

 Cynaraceous division of the natural order Compotittf, but compre- 

 hending no species of any importance to man. It has the following 

 characters : The pappus in many rows, unequal, the second row 

 largest ; the anthers with papillose filaments ; involucre imbricated ; 

 receptacle chaffy ; the fruit attached laterally above to the receptacle. 



C. Cyanui, the Common Blue-Bottle of corn fields, is sometime* 

 cultivated for the sake of its many-coloured flower-heads. Two 

 others, C. motthala, the Purple or White Sultan of gardeners, and C. 

 tuarcoUtu, Yellow Sultan, are occasionally seen among other annuals 

 in gardens. 



C. Cyanui with the following are British species : C. Jacea ; C. 

 nigra, the Black Knapweed; C. nigrescent ; C. Scabiota, Great Knap- 

 weed; C. toUtitiatu, Yellow Star-Thistle; C. Calcitrapa, Common 

 Star-Thistle ; C. Jmardi. 



( ' K N T A r K Y. [CESTAC BEA.] 



CKNTIPKDE. [SCOLOPKNDRA.] 



CKNTKArioy. [SQCALIDJI.] 



i ' K N T H A X T H US (from tclyrpw, a spur, and fu>9os, a flower), a genus 

 of plant* belonging to the natural order Valerianacar. It has a 

 regular 5-lobcd corolla with a spur, a single stamen, the fruit 1-celled, 

 indehisoent, crowned with the limb of the calyx, expanded into a 

 feathery pappus. The species are smooth herbs with undivided or 

 pinnate leaves, and white or red flowers. 



C. rtAtr, Red-Flowered Spurred Valerian, Red Valerian, has ovate- 

 lanceolate leaves, spur much shorter than the tube of the corolla and 

 twice as long as the germen. It is a native of Great Britain, in chalk - 

 piU and on old walls. It has purple flowers, and attains a height of 

 one or two feet. It has a sweet scent. 



C. Catcitrapa has radical leaves, ovate, entire, the stem-leaves 

 pinnatifid, the spur very short. It is a native of the coasts of the 

 Mediterranean, and of the more temperate parts of Prance. It grows 

 wild at Kltham in Kent, but there is little doubt of its being a 

 naturalised plant there. The first species may have also been 

 introduced, but it grows wild in many parts of Great Britain. Several 

 other species are described and some are grown in gardens. They are 

 elegant border-flowers, and will grow in any common soil, on walls or 

 rock-work, and may be easily propagated by seed. 



(Babington. Manual of BritM Botany.) 



NTBA/BCHU8. gnus f Fishes belonging to the section 

 AcoMlkopterygti and the family Pmiila, and the subdivision 'with less 

 than seven branchial rays.' In this genus the species have numerous 

 pine* in the anal fin ; the tongue is furnished with a group of fine 

 and very thickly-set teeth ; the pre-operculum is entire ; the angle of 

 the operculum u divided into two flat point* ; and the body is com- 

 pressedand somewhat oval ; they inhabit the riven of North America. 

 The genus Cyckla of some American ichthyologists is synonymous 

 with the above. 



CKNTHINA. [S<ji AUDA] 



NTli! .sirs (l.inmeiuO, a genus of Fishes belonging to the 

 section Acinthoptcryjii and to the family Pitttdnnd'f. The species 



of this genus are principally distinguished by their having a long 

 tubular snout, from which character they have received the name* 

 of Sea-Snipes, Trumpet-Fish, Ac. The body is inclining to an oblong 

 oval form, compressed, carinated beneath, and covered with scales. 

 The mouth is small, obliquely cleft, and devoid of teeth. Them are 

 two dorsal fins; the rays of the first (which is placed very far 

 back) are spinous ; the ventral fins are small, and situated behind the 

 pectorals. 



Centracui Scolopax (Linnmus), the Trumpet-Fish or Sea-Snipe 

 (known in Cornwall by the name of the Bellows-Fish), is the only 

 species yet discovered off the British coast, where it U rare ; the 

 Mi-'l.t. ! :-III.M!I :i|.]'i-.ir- Li l.i- it-" ii.Vn.il I'.i-.ilMy. It-l.-n^th i- ,ii..>u' 

 five inches; the body is oval and compressed ; the snout is elongated, 

 and forms a tube which extends about an inch and a half before the 

 eyes, which are large ; the back is elevated, and the part for some 

 little distance anterior to the first dorsal fin is straight, whence 

 it tapers rather suddenly to the tail. The anterior spine of the first 

 dorsal (which has but three rays) is very large and denticulated 

 beneath ; the rays of the second dorsal are soft ; the anal fin is 

 elongated; the ventrals are. small, and have a depression behind them 

 in which they may be lodged. The body is covered with hard rough 

 scales, which are minutely ciliated on the external edge. 



Young specimens of this fish are of a shining silver-like colour ; 

 the adult specimens are reddish, with the sides of the head and 

 under parts silvery or slightly tinted with a golden hue. 



There is a figure of this curious fish given in Yarrell's ' British 

 Fishes,' and also in Donovan's ' British Fishes.' 



The genus Amphitile of Klein is closely allied to, and was included 

 in the genus Centritctu by Linnaeus ; the species have the back mailed 

 with larger scaly plates, of which the anterior spine of the first 

 dorsal fin appears to be a continuation. 



CKNTKl i I.ol'Hrs, a genus of Fishes belonging to the section 

 Acanlhopteryyii and family Scombtridcc. The body is elongate, covered 

 with minute scales; teeth small and numerous; palatine without 

 teeth ; one very long dorsal fin. 



C. morio, the Black Fish, has been met with though very rarely on 

 the British coast. It is of a black colour, the fins intensely so ; thu 

 under parts are of a slightly paler hue. The head is rather blunt 

 and rounded in front, and the mouth is small; the eyes are prominent ; 

 the body is compressed, and in a specimen 15 inches long is about 

 3 inches deep. There is a thin elevated ridge on the back, to which 

 the dorsal fin is attached ; this fin commences before the middle of 

 the back (viewing it from the side), and extends almost to the tail ; 

 the pectoral fins are pointed ; the ventral fins are bound down by a 

 membrane ; the tail is large and forked ; the body is covered with 

 very small scales. 



In Mr. Y anvil's 'British Fishes,' one specimen is described as 

 being 15 inches long, and another "measured 2 feet 8 inches in 

 length, and weighed 14 Ibs. The skin was observed to be so tough 

 as to be stripped from the fish like that of an eel ; no air-bladder 

 was found. The taste was delicious." They were caught off the 

 coast of Cornwall, and the species ia described as having great strength 

 and velocity. 



CENTRONO'TUS, a genus of Fishes belonging to the section 

 Acanthopteryyii And family Scomber ida;. In this genus the spines; 

 which in most of the Acanthopterygions form the anterior dorsal 

 fin, are free or unconnected by membrane ; they have all ventral fins. 



The above characters are common to a large number of species of 

 the Scomberida, and hence it has been thought convenient to seize 

 some minor distinctions for the purpose of dividing the genus 

 Centronotut into several sub-genera. In Curler's 'Regne Aiiini.il' 

 they are as follows : Sub-genus Naurratet, or those in which the body 

 ia elongate ; the tail carinated at the sides, and which have two 

 free spines before the anal fin. To this sub-genus belongs the 1'ilot 

 Fish (Naucratet ductor), which is well known for its habit of following 

 vessels to a considerable distance in order to feed upon what ia 

 thrown overboard ; and it is under such circumstances that tin 

 has been occasionally met with on the British coast. It is about a 

 foot in length, and of a bluish-gray colour, with five broad band* of 

 deep violet. Its shape is something like that of the macketvl. l>ut 

 less tapering towards the head and tail. The pectoral and ventral 

 fins are of moderate size, the latter very close together ; the dorsal 

 fin commences about midway between the head and the tail, and 

 continues almost to the latter part ; anterior to the dorsal fin thrru 

 are three free spines : the tail ia forked. 



Elatata'u another sub-genus. The species have nearly the form of 

 the one last mentioned, but differ in the brail being di-pri'ssi-d. tin- 

 tail not carinated, and there being no free spines before the nnnl tin. 

 The next sub-genus, Lichia, has free spines before the dorsal and anal 

 fins, and the tail not carinated at the sides. In front of the > 

 spines there is a single one laid flat and pointing forward*. The 

 Scomber amia of LinmcuK, a large fish upwards of 4 feet in length, 

 which inhabits the Mediterranean, belongs to this section. There are 

 two other species known from the same locality ; the one hero 

 mentioned u distinguished by the lateral line being much < 

 .iii.l forming mi S. The lost sub-genus, Trachmotiu, differs i-lii. lly from 

 Lirhia in having the profile of thu body deeper, and the dorsal and 

 anal fins longer and more tapered. 



