rlllMIALOPTKR-A. 



CERAMIACE.E. 



Genus, Jorotenu, D'Orb. 



Bafulita, Liun. ; Ex. B. r.-rlrtralu 



(2576). 



Ptytkoetnt, D'Orb. 

 Hamiin, Parkinson. 

 TrrilHn, Lam. ; Ex., T. cotlaltu 



(2677). 



Hetmetrat, D'Orb. 

 IleliofOferai, D'Orb. 

 CEPHALOPTERA. [SyfAUD..] 

 ' 



CEPHALOTA'CE.C, a natural order of Exogenous Plant*. It 

 consists of but one gen in, and that of only one species, the Crphalotu* 

 follifularu, Australian Pitcher-Plant It has the following essential 

 characters : Calyx coloured, 6-parted, with a valvale activation ; no 

 corolla; stamens 12; those opposite the sepal shortest, inserted into 

 the edge of a deep glandular perigynous disc ; anthers with a thick 

 granular connective, carpels six, distinct, 1 -seeded, orate, erect ; 

 achenia membranous, opening by the ventral suture, surrounded by 

 the persistent calyx and stamens; seed solitary (sometimes two), 

 erect; embryo minute, in the base of the axis of a fleshy friable 

 somewhat oily albumen. The CepKatotut folliculari* has small white 

 flowers, with a simple scape, bearing a compound terminal spike ; the 

 leaves are exstipulaie, and have mingled amongst them operculatc 

 pitchers. This plant, according to Labillardiere, is allied to Rotacttr, 

 and, according to Jussien, to CrauHlacerr. Brown places the order 

 between CrauMlaeea and Francoaettt. Lindley points out its relations 

 through the last order to Pittotporacttt and Sarraceniacetr, where the 

 leave* of the plants are also converted into pitchers. He also formerly 

 placed IKontra in this order, and observed that it differed little from 

 Cepkalotm except in the presence of petals, and in the syncorpous 

 fruit, with the seeds collected upon a flat central placenta. He 

 now places Diunara with Droteracea and Cephalotui in or near 

 Rttn*nrlateir. [DlOlfJSA.] 



In cultivating the Australian Pitcher-Plant it should be placed 

 in turfy peat soil either in a box or pot. It should be kept rather 

 moist, and this may be effected by placing the pots in pans of water. 

 The plants are always the healthier fur allowing moss to grow over 

 the surface of the soil in which they are planted. They can only be 

 increased by seed. 



(Lindley, \alnralSuttcm; Don, Oai-dentr't Dictionary.) 



CEPHALOTES. [CHEIROPTERA.] 



CEPHALOTUS. [CEPHALOTACEA] 



CEPHEA. [ACALEPH*.] 



CEPHUS. [COLYMBID*.] 



CEPHUS, a genus of Hymenopterous Insects belonging to the 

 family Xiphydriida: (Leach). It has the following characters : 

 Antenna; rather long, growing gradually thicker towards the apex ; 

 head transverse, joined to the thorax by a distinct and rather long 

 neck ; mandibles exscrted ; maxillary palpi long and slender ; body 

 somewhat compressed, especially towards the apex ; ovipositor dis- 

 tinct, exserted. 



C. pygmteui is common in flowers, particularly buttercup.". It is 

 about one-third of an inch in length ; black, with two yellow fascia; 

 on the abdomen ; the palpi anil tibia: also more or less yellow. The 

 larva of this insect is said to live in the stems of wheat. Mr. Stephens 

 enumerates ten British species of this genus, most of which are black, 

 with yellow fascia;. 



CEPO'LA (Linnaeus), a genus of Fishes belonging to the section 

 Acanlkopteryyii and family Tamioidei. The technical characters of this 

 genus are : Body much elongated, compressed, and tapering gradually 

 towards the tail, which is pointed ; head (when viewed from the side) 

 about the same width as the body ; snout short and obtuse ; undi-r 

 jaw curved upwards; teeth curved and well developed; dorsal fin 

 extending from the head to the t:til (which is pointed) ; anal fin 

 extending thence nearly the whole length of the body; branchi- 

 ortegous membrane with six rays. 



C. rukaceju, the Red Hand-Fish and Red Snake-Fish, has been 

 found on the British coasts, but is not uncommon in the Mediterra- 

 nean. It is of a pale carmine colour, and varies from 10 to 15 inches 

 in length ; it in very smooth and almost destitute of scales ; the body 

 is slender, much compressed, and tapers very gradually from the 

 head to the tail. The riband-like and compressed form of the body 

 increases with age; the young are somewhat oval, or almost rmnci. 

 The pectoral fins are small ; the vcntrals are situated rntln-r anterior 

 to the line of the origin of the pectoral*, and have the first rayspinoii'. 

 The dorsal and anal fins both extend to and join the tail, or 

 fin (which terminates in a point), so that they form one continued 

 fin. (Yarrrir* 'British Fishes;' Jvnyn's 'Manual of British Verte- 

 brate Animal* ;' Linniean 'Transactions,' vol. vii., fto.. where this fish 

 was recorded as British for the fir-it time by Colonel Montagu.) 



'. iia (Lim.iFiu) is said to differ from the species jmt denorilx-1 

 in having a row of hard points along the side of the body above the 

 lateral line, and in having an inner m\v of troth in the lower jaw : it 

 is however very prolaibly not a distinct species. 



CKRADIA, n genus of planU belonging to (' ifcrou* 



division of the natural order Oomporii<r. is a half-nn 



plant inhabiting the most sterile region* of south-western Africa. It 

 yields in some abundance a brittle resin-like substance, which (fives 

 out a fragrant odour when burnt, and has been called African 

 Bdellium ; it U however a very different thing from the true 

 Bdellium. [BDELLIUM.] 



CKKAMIIY V1D.E, a family of Coleopterous Insects of the section 

 Longicornit (Latreille). They are characterised by the body being 

 generally elongate ; antenna very long, as long or longer than the 

 body ; Ubrum very distinct and broader than long ; maxilla; with the 

 terminal processes membranaceous and projecting ; mandibles mode- 

 rate ; eyes lunate, partly surrounding the basal joint of the ant< 

 thorax nearly cylindrical, or orbicular, truncated before and behind ; 

 logs rather long, and generally compressed ; tarsi spongy beneath, 

 penultimate joint bilobed. 



The Cerambycitloi arc found in all parts of the globe, but they 

 abound most in hot climates, and constitute a very extensive p-onp 

 of coleopterous insects, the most striking feature of which is the 

 great length of the antennce. One of their most important functions 

 appears to be to assist with numerous other wood-feeding insects in 

 the removal of old and decaying trees : it is in the larva state princi- 

 pally that this business is performed. The parent insect deposits her 

 eggs in a hole excavated for the purpose. When these are hatched 

 the larva; commence feeding upon the wood, and in so doing excavate 

 burrows in various directions, but mostly longitudinal ; in this state 

 they frequently live for two or three years, and the perforations which 

 tliry make are very extensive. 



The larva: are elongate, broadest towards the head, and t:ip.-r 

 slightly towards the tail, and are composed of 13 segments. They 

 have 6 legs (situated one on each Hide, on the under part of the three 

 anterior segments of the abdomen) which are so minute as to be scarcely 

 apparent. They move chiefly by means of the segments of the body, 

 which have the upper and under surfaces flat and covered with minute 

 tubercles. In making their way in the cylindrical or (what is almost 

 always the case) oval burrows, the animal protrudes these parts of 

 the segments above and beneath, and thus thrusts itself forward. The 

 head has the appearance of being composed of two segments ; the 

 hinder part is very brood (almost equalling that of the segment in 

 which it is inserted), terminated on each side anteriorly by an angle, 

 and separated from the fore part, which is narrow, by an elevated 

 ridge ; the jaws (mandibles) are short and very stout and strong ; the 

 antenna; are scarcely visible ; the palpi are small The first segment 

 of the abdomen, or that next the head, is protected by a shield above 

 of a horn-like substance. 



The pupa: are what is termed incomplete, that is, when the external 

 organs (such as the wing-cases, antenna), legs, Ac.) are each inclosed 

 in a separate and distinct sheath, and " consequently not closely 

 applied to the body, but have their form for the most port clearly 

 distinguishable." The antenna;, which have been before described as 

 being very long in the perfect insect, are bent backwards, and lie along 

 the back of the pupa until they reach the apex of the body ; they are 

 then recurved and extend along the under side, and if very long they 

 are again recurved, so that they, as well as all the other parts, lie close 

 to the body. 



The C<ram1n/cid<r in the perfect state frequent flowers, especially 

 the Umbcllifera ; the large species are often found on the trunks of 

 trees. Different individuals of the same species vary extremely in 

 size, a circumstance frequently observed in those insects whose larva; 

 feed on wood, and arising most probably from the degree of moisture 

 or dryness of the food. 



M. Latreille restricts the genus Ccrambyr to those species which 

 have an unequal or rough thorax, usually spinous or tubcrculatcd, and 

 dilated iu the middle at the sides, with the third, fourth, and fifth 

 joints of the antenna; evidently thicker than the following ones, and 

 the remaining joints abruptly longer and thinner. 



C. herd affords an example of this genus : it is about an inch and a 

 half in length ; of an elongate form, attenuated posteriorly ; black ; 

 elytra with the apex pitchy, or brown ; the thorax is rough and 

 shining, and has a opine on each side. This species, together with 

 another belonging to the same genus (C. cerdo), bos been found in 

 England, but it is extremely rare ; in the warm and temperate parts 

 of Europe it in cemmon. The larva perforate* the oak, and according 

 to Latreille is perhaps the Comma of the ancients. 



The genus Cerambyjc of Mr. Stephens and. most of the British 

 entomologists is synonymous with that of I'uHirhrlimmii of I, 

 whereas the characters given by him for Ccrambyx agree with tin -<; 

 iticherut of English authors. 



The Husk-Beetle, which is very common in the south of England 

 on old pollard willow*, will serve to illustrate the genus ' 

 Stephens' 'Illustrations ( British Entomology.' It is about an inch 

 and a half in length, of an elongate and somewhat linear form ; its 

 colour is usually bright green, sometimes blue : the under part of the 

 body is bluish. 



This insect emits a very strong and agreeable odour, which is not 

 unlike attar of roses. It certainly bears no resemblance to nni-k, 

 though those who gave it the name of Musk-Beetle appear to have 

 thought that it did. 



CKKAMIIYX. [CnUKBTCIDJL] 



( KKAMIACK.K [AlXJ-B.] 



