1IXK 





This species U not found on the east aide of the Rocky Mountain* 

 farther north than latitude 54* X., nor is it found in thatpurallel cut 

 of 105* W. longitude. Mr. Douglass says, " it is the moat common deer 

 in the district adjoining the river Columbia, more especially on 

 the fertile prairies of the Cowalidoke and Multnomah rivers, within 

 100 miles of the IV-ific Ocean." , 



84. f. nemoratu, the Cariaeou Deer. It U the Cerf Blanc or Cerf 

 del Paleturiers of Cuvier, Chrvreuil <l'Am<5riquc of Daubenton, Biche 

 del Savanne* of Ituffon. It in a native of the shores of the Mexican 

 tiulf and of Guyana, (Ilaillon.) 



35. C. ptiutHlaltu, the Californian Roe. Dr. J. E. dray says, 

 " There is a female of this species in the Zoological Gartens ; it is 

 much smaller and darker than C. Vii-ginianui, and it differs iu the 

 hair being dark, with a distinct yellow subterminal band. It is a 

 native of Columbia, and at best a doubtful species." 



36. C. Lrvini, the Black-Tailed Deer. It is the Cerriu Ltvirii of 

 Peale. A native of California between the Columbia River ami the 

 I'tnqua. It in seldom seen east of the Cascade Mountains. It never 

 elevates its tail in running, and viewed from behind shown two 

 narrow white lines of hair, instead of the large white and elevated 

 tail of the Virginian Deer. 



87. C macrotit, the Mule-Deer. It is rather larger than C. Virginia- 

 nut, having more the general aspect of the Wapiti. It is destitute 

 of the black subtnaxillary marks of C. Lticisii and C. Virginiantu. 

 It is most abundant on the eastern slope of the Rocky Mountain!), 

 and delights in rocky hills covered with cedars and fir-trees. 



38. Cofutiu nemoriragiu, the Gauzu-vivo. It is the Ccrru* Ifemorum 

 of Desmarest, C. rimplicitornit of llliger, C. margirortu of Schnink. 

 This delicate little deer is only 26 inches in length. Its aspect in 

 said to approach that of the sheep. The lachrymal sinus is said to 

 be nearly imperceptible. 



. 



Gau;u-viva (Cuaaui ncmoriragiu). 



The lower part of the head and lips whitish. Space round the 

 eyes, inside of fore legs, ami fr-nu lower part of breast to buttocks 

 whitish-cinnamon. Neck and all the other parto brownish, approaching 

 to grayish, each hair being tipped with white. Hums short. It is a 

 native of the Brazil.*. 



Cugiucu-te (QMUUI nfui). 



89. C. ru/iu, the Cuguacu-ete or Pita. It it the Cerriu ruftu of 

 F. Cuvier, C. do/ioAunuof Wagner, Subulu Amrricanut of J. Brookes, 

 Subula r*f<u of H. Smith. 



Its height is about ill inches ; general colour reddish-brown ; inside 

 of ears (hairs short), space round the lips, lower part of head and 

 tiiil. Una part of belly, buttocks, and itiM.li- of fore \--fn to knees, 

 whitish. Females without horns. Nearly of the same reddish tint, 

 with a white spot above the nose and on m up|H-r lip. 



It lives in the low moist woods of South America, in lurgc 1 

 and as ten females are seen for one male, it U supposed tli.it tlieir 

 appearance gave currency to the report of a form ..f dm- on the 

 Xew Continent without horns. They aro very fleet only for 11. 

 burst, for they are soon run down by dogs, and are something 

 captured by the lasso and balls. 



40. C. tuperciliarU, the Kye-Browed Brocket, differs chiefly from thr 

 two last in the form of the muffle, and iu the presence of a white 

 streak over the eyes. It is a native of the Brazils. 



4 l.C.aurUta, the Large-Eared Brocket. Itisalsoanativeof thdVozils. 



42. Pndu HUM Hit, the Venada. It is the C> rrut humilit of Itennett; 

 CajiraPudti, Molina; Antiioc<i]n<i J'mlu, Lesson ; Antil<>i*- Itirranocrrut 

 Tcmnmiiziiiaa, II. Smith; Cerrat Macathliickcltic, Seba; Mazouie of 

 Hernandez. It is a native of Chili. 



Fulfil Cerrid<e. 



The remains of Deer are sufficiently numerous in l>eds of the tliir.1 

 period of the Tertiary Series and in caverns. Thus, in the cave at 

 Kirkdale, Dr. Bucklaud found evidences of at least three .-]><," 

 smallest being very nearly of the size and form of a fallow-deer, the 

 largest agreeing in size with the elk, but differing in form ; and 

 a third, of intermediate size, approaching that of a large stag or red- 

 deer. The skeletons of animals found in the recent shell-marls of 

 Scotland, according to Sir C. Lyell, all belong to species which now 

 inhabit or are known to have been indigenous in Scotland. Several 

 hundred, he observes, have been procured within the last century 

 from five or six small lakes in Forfarshire, where shell-marl has been 

 worked. Those of the Stag (Crrrut Klaphui) are stated to be the most 

 numerous ; and if the others be arranged in the order of their relative 

 abundance they will follow, according to Sir C. Lyell. nearly thus : 

 Ox, boar, horse, dog, hare, fox, wolf, and cat. The beaver, he adds, 

 seems very rare ; but it has been found in the shell-marl of Loch 

 Marlie in Perthshire, and iu the parish of Edmui in Berwick^ 



The most remarkable of the Fossil CVrm/n found in the British 

 Islands is the Mc'j'-<rns 1/iberniciu, the gigantic Irish Deer. This 

 animal has been called by various names, of which the following are 

 the most common : Cerriu plaiycent allwtimns. Largo Irii.li I )eer, 

 Molyncux ; 6Vrrif/afn/w,Goldfu8s; Cerf a BoisGigantesque, Cnvicr ; 

 the Fossil Elk of Ireland, Parkinson; Ctrrtu Hiliernut, Uesmarest; 

 Cerrui mtyacerot, Hart; Fossil Dama of Ireland, lliuiiili.ni Smith. 



Dr. Molyneux, to whom we owe the first account of the remains of 

 this animal, supposed it to be the American Moose. On this point 

 Professor Owen says, " The great extinct Irish Deer surpassed the 

 largest Wapiti or Klk in size, and much exceeded them in the dimen- 

 sions of the antlers. The pair first described and figured in the 

 ' Philosophical Transactions ' measured 10 feet 10 inches in a straight. 

 line from the extreme tip of the right to that of the left antler: the 

 length of each antler, from the burr to the extreme tip in a straight 

 line, was 5 feet 'J im h,--. and the breadth of the expanded part, or 

 palm, was 1 foot 104 inches. Dr. Molyneux, after giving the dimen- 

 sions of the fossil head and its noble attire, says ' Doubtless all the 

 rest of the parts of the body answered these in due proportion,' and 

 he infers the amount of the superiority of the great Irish Deer o\ cr 

 the ' fairest buck' accordingly." 



" Recent discoveries of the entire skeleton of the Megaceros however 

 have shown that the proportions of the trunk and limlis to th 

 antlers were not the same with which we are familiar in the ei 

 Deer best provided with these weapons, but that the antl. rs w,-re 

 both absolutely and relatively larger iu the great extinct species. This 

 in fact constitutes one of its best el -ics, and involve - 



ilill'ercnces in the form and proportions of its osseous framework. 

 One of (lie modifications in the skeleton of Megaceros, which relates 

 to the vast, weight of the head and neck, is the stronger proportions 

 of its limbs ; and another and more striking character is the great 

 size of the vcrtrline of the neck, which form the column immediately 

 supporting the head and its massive appendages. The extent of these 

 modifications may be appreciated by the following dimensions of the 

 skeleton of the Megaccros and of that of the Great American Moose 

 (Alcei palmata and Americana) : 



Megaccroft. AlfCK. 

 Ft. In. I. in. It. In. l.in. 



Length of the trunk from the 1st rib to the end of 



the iKhium ....... 033 



Height from the ground to the top of the longest 



dorsal uplne ....... GOO 



Lrngth of the fore log from the top of the wapulu 



in a iittaight line ...... 570 



Length of hind leg from the head of the femur in a 



rlraight line ....... 4 ft .1 



Circumference of fmirtli (iividil vcrti In. i . . I lei 



Span of antlcri between the extreme tips . . . a V 



iOO 



SCO 



5 1 C 



