871 



CKT.\( KA 





til* head, and only adheres thereto by ligament*. There is no external 

 ear, nor are there any bain upon their bodies. The form f their 

 tail obligee them to more it from above downwards for their pro- 

 greatiTe motion, and aids them greatly in raising themselves in the 

 water. 



To the genera which up to Cuvier'i time naturalist* had reckoned 

 among the CUocra, he adds those which had formerly been con- 

 founded with the Walruses, and which form his first family, namely, 



The Herbivorous Cetaceans. 



The teeth of these have a flat crown, which, Curier remark*, 

 determines their mode of life, leading thorn often to leave the \vnt. >r 

 to creep and feed on the bank : these have two teats on the breast, 

 and hairy moustaches ; two circumstances, he observes, which when 

 they have been seen from a distance, with their heads raised vertically 

 out of the water, have given them some resemblance to women or 

 men, and have probably given origin to the stories of some travellers 

 who pretend that they have seen Tritons and Syrens. Although in 

 the cranium the bony nostrils open upwards, they are only pierced in 

 the skin at the end of the muzzle. Their stomach is divided into 

 four pouches, two of which are lateral ; and they have a great csecum. 



Cuvier divides the Herbivorous Cetacea into 



1st, The Lamantins, or rather Manatees (ifanaliu, Cuv.) ; 2nd, the 

 Dugongs, Lacdp. (Jfalitore, HI); 3rd, the Stelleres, Cuv. (Kytina, HI.). 



Cuvier' s second family of this order consists of 



The Ordinary Cetaceans. 



These are distinguished from the preceding by the singular appa- 

 ratus which has procured for them the French name of Souffleurs, or 

 Blowers. As they take, together with their prey, says Cuvier, large 

 volumes of water into their very spacious mouth, there was a necessity 

 for some outlet to get rid of it ; it passes across the nostrils by means 

 of a particular disposition of the velum palati, and is collected in a 

 aac placed at the external orifice of the cavity of the nose, whence it 

 is driven out with violence by the compression of powerful muscles 

 by a narrow aperture pierced at the top of the head. Thus it is, 

 adds Cuvier, that they produce those jets d'eau which cause them to 

 be seen from afar by voyagers. 



He further observes that their nostrils, incessantly traversed by 

 floods of salt water, could not be lined with a membrane sufficiently 

 delicate for the perception of odours. The whales therefore ore 

 without those projecting lamina; which are to be found in other 

 animals ; the olfactory nerve is wanting in many, and if any of them 

 enjoy the sense of smelling they must have it very much obliterated. 

 Their larynx, of pyramidal form, penetrates into the back nostrils for 

 the reception of the air, and for the purpose of conducting it to the 

 lungs, without any necessity on the part of the animal to lift its 

 head and mouth out of the water : there are no projecting lamina; in 

 their glottis, and their voice must be reduced to simple bellowings. 

 They have no vestige of hair, but their body is covered with a smooth 

 kin, under which lies the thick blubber abounding in oil, and the 

 principal object for which they are sought. Their teats are near the 

 anus, and they are unable to seize anything with their fins. Their 

 stomach has five, and sometimes as many as seven, distinct pouches. 

 In lien of a single spleen they have many small and globular ones ; 

 those which have teeth have them conical, and similar to each other. 

 They do not masticate their food, but swallow it rapidly. Two small 

 bones, suspended in the flesh near the anus, are the only vestiges ol 

 posterior extremities. Many have on the bock a vertical fin of a 

 tendinous substance, but not sustained by bone. Their flattened eyes 

 have a thick and solid sclerotic ; their tongue has only smooth and 

 oft integuments. 



Cuvier divides this group into two small tribes : 1, those whose 

 head bean the ordinary proportion to the body ; nnd 2, thuse which 

 have the head disproportionately great. 



1st Tribe. 



Genera: 1. Ddphiniu, Linn. with the sub-genera />,l,Jiii,nx 

 Cuv. ; Phoctrna, Cuv. ; Delphinapteriu, Lace'p. ; and Hyperoodon 

 Laodp. 



2. Monodon, Linn. 



2nd Tribe. 



These Cetacean* have the huad so large, that it is either a third or 

 one-half of the length of the body ; but neither the cranium nor the 

 brain participates in this disproportion, which is entirely due to an 

 normous development of the bones of die face. 



Genera : 1. Pkyteter, Linn, (the true Cachalots) ; with the sub- 

 genus PkfKttr, Laodp. (Cachalots with a dorsal fin). 



2. Balama, Linn. (Whalebone Whalwt) ; with the sub-genera con 

 tuning the Balmoptera of Lace'pede : namely, the lialamiiptertt with 

 a smooth belly ; and the Balmoptent with a plaited belly, common!; 

 termed Rorquals. (' Regne Animal.') 



The following synopsis of the families of Cetaeea is taken from the 

 Catalogue of the British Museum,' by I ' .1 I .. Cray. 



Sd 1 



Skin smooth, bald. Teat* 2, inguinal. Limb* clawlem. Fore 

 limbs fin-shaped; hinder united, funning a forked horizontal tail 

 Nostrils enlarged into blowers. Carnivorous. 



Family 1st. BAL.EXID.R. 



Nostrils 2, separate, longitudinal Palate with baleen. Jaw tooth- 

 ess. Head very large. 

 Genus L Raima. 



Species 1. It. myttirrtut, Right Whale. 



2. B. marginata. Western Australian Whale. 

 8. B. caulraUi, Cape Whale, 

 4. II. Japonica, Japan Whale. 

 6. B. tmtarctica, New Zealand Whale. 

 6. B. gibbon, Scrag- Whale. 

 Qenus II. Mrgaptfra, Humpbacked Whales. 



Species 7. M. longimana, Johnston's Hump-Backed 

 Whole. 



8. M. Americana, Bermuda Hump-Back. 



9. M. Poetkop, Cape Hump-Back. 

 10. M. Kuara, the Kuzira. 



Genus II I 



Species 11. J). roilrata, Pike-Whale. 

 Genus IV. Phytahu. 



Species 12. P. Antiqu'trum, Rozor-Bock. 



13. P. Boopi. 



14. P. Sibbaldii. 



15. P. fractal ui, Peruvian Finncr. 



16. P. Juxui, Japan Finner. 



17. P. antarctiaa. 



18. P. Bratilitntit. 



19. P. auttrali*, Southern Finner. 



Family 2nd. CATODONTID.B, or PHVSETEBID*. 

 Nostrils 2, separate, longitudinal. Palate smooth. Lowerjaw 

 toothed. Head very large. 



Genus I. Catodon, Spermaceti Whales. 



Species 20. C. macrocep/uilui. Northern S|wrm-\Vliale. 

 21. C. Colueti, Mexican Spenn-Wlmle. 

 1!'J. ('. fiolyi-iijihta, South Sea Sperm- Whale. 

 Genus II. Kogia, Short-Headed Whales. 



Species 23. K. brevicept, Short-Headed Whale. 

 Genus III. Phyietcr. 



Species 24. P. Tursio, the Black Fish. 



Family 3rd. DELPHISID.E (DOLPHINS). 



Nostrils united, lunate, transverse. Palate smooth. Jaws toothed, 

 rarely deciduous. Head moderate. 

 Genus I. Hyperoodon. 



Species 25. //. Bulztopf, Bottle-Head. 



26. H. rostratum, Beaked Hyperoodon. 



27. //. Doumetii, Corsican Hyperoodon. 



28. II. Jtttmarcitii, Desmarest's Hyperoodon. 



29. //. latifroiw. 

 Genus II. Ziphiia. 



Species 30. Z. Sotoerbientit. 



31. Z. Seckcllmtu, Sechelle Ziphius. 

 Genus III. Ddphinorhynchut. 



Species 32. D, micropteriu, Blainville's Whale. 

 Genus IV. Monodtm. 



Species 33. M. monoceros, the Narwhal. 

 Genus V. Beluga, 



Species 34. H. Catodon, Northern Beluga. 

 35. Jl. Kimjii, Australian Beluga. 

 Genus VI. AVotnerw. 



Species 36. If. Phocamoidct, Neon; 

 GfiniH VII. Pkocctna. 



Species 37. P. communit, Common Porpoise. 

 Genus VIII. liramjnu. 



Species 38. G. Cttvieri, Cuvier' H Grampus. 



39. G. Rissoanut, Risso's Grampus. 



40. (i. Jiichardtomi. 



41. (i. Sakamata. 

 Genus IX. Globiocqihahu. 



Species 42. 0. Svineval, Pilot- Whale. 



43. G. intermediiu, the Black Fish. 



44. (I. rtjfni., Smaller Pilot-Whale. 

 .45. G. Sicboldii, Naiso Goto. 



46. fl. macrorhynchw, South-Sea Black Fish. 

 Genus X. Orca. 



Species 47. 0. gladiator, Killer. 



48. 0. crattident, Lincolnshire Killer. 



49. 0. Capentit, (,'npe Killer. 

 60. ft intermedia, Sni:dl Killer. 



Genus XI. I/agenorliyncha*. 



S] :'.: 51. /.. /itrnjilciiriix. White Sided Bottlenoso. 

 52. L. albiroifri*. White-Beaked Bottlenosc. 

 63. /. /.' ctra. 



54. L. c&ruUo albxt. 

 56. L. Alia, the Ahin. 

 66. /.. ,1,-Hiii*. K-ehrieht's Dolphin. 

 . r >7. /-. rlnnruliu. 

 58. L. Thicolta. 



