9IS 



OSTR 



CH.KROPHYLLUM. 



BmUnopttn, or Rorqual, found in Lombardy by M. Corteti, on the 

 aMt flank of Monte Pulgnaoco (Apennines) in 180& Curier calculate* 

 the entire length at 31 feet, French ; observing, that if the animal wa 

 adult it WM a very unall Rorqual. Another akeleton of the lame 

 species, not more than 12 feet 6 inches long, wai alao discovered by 

 M. Corteai in similar bed*, and a neighbouring valley near a small 

 itream which falls into the Chiavenna, one of the tributaries of the 

 Po. COMiFW) 



Balama. Numerous remains of Balma have been found in the 

 Tertiary Formations. Olivier mentions a considerable fragment of the 

 skull of a Ualma disinterred in the Rue Dauphine at Paris in 177'.'. 

 Daubenton came to the conclusion that the whale to which it belonged 

 must have been 100 feet long ; but Cuvier, on satisfactory calculations, 

 reduces the length to 60 feet, and states his opinion that it is an 

 unknown species. (' Oss. Foes.') Dr. Mantell detected the remains 

 of BaitrM in Sussex (Brighton Cliffs). In the Red Crag of Felixstow 

 the tympanic bones of whales are frequent, whilst their bones are so 

 numerous as to constitute a considerable portion of the phoephatiu 

 substances which are now dug from this formation under the name of 

 Coprolite. From the form of the tympanic bones, which he calls 

 Cetotolites, Professor Owen has named four species of lialcrna: 

 B. afhut, S. dtHtt,i, B. yibbota, and B. emaryinata. (Owen, ' Brit. 

 Foe*. Mam.') 



Photma. Professor Owen refers the fossil found in the Lincoln- 

 shire fens to thin genus, which Dr. Gray places under the genus Oreo. 



Phytrtrridtr. Teeth of the Phyteter macrocrphaliu have been found 

 in the Tertiary Beds of Essex and in other part* of Great Britain. 

 From the section of a tooth found in the Hed Crag at Felixstow, 

 Suffolk, Professor Owen proposes to call the animal to which it 

 belonged Saltrnodon phyialoida. 



(Cuvier, Ouemen* PouUe* ; F. Cuvier, Hutotre ffaturelle del Cetacf* ; 

 Owen, Dacriptirc and llltntrated Catalogue of the Physiological Sena 

 i Ike HtutM of the College of Suryeon* ; Scoresby, An Account of the 

 Arctic Region* ; Beale, Natural Jfiitory of the Sperm Whale ; Owen, 

 JlritM Fottil Mammal* and Bird*; Dr. J. K, Gray, Catalogue of the 

 Specimen* of Mammalia in the Britiih Muteum, Part I., ' Cetacea ; ' 

 Cyclopaedia of Anatomy and Phytiology, article ' Cetacea.') 



CETE. [CBTACKA.] 



CETIOSA'URUS, a genus of large Fossil Saurians adopted by 

 Professor Owen. It occurs in the Oolitic Formations. 



CE'TOCIS, De Montfort's generic name for those Beleinuites which 

 are plicated at the summits. 



CETONrADJE (M'Leay), a family of Coleopterous Insects of 

 the section Mditophili (Latreille). The species belonging to this 

 family have the sternum more or less prolonged into an obtuse point, 

 between the second pair of legs ; the mentuin is emargiuated, and 

 never transverse ; the terminal lobe of the maxilla: is furnished with 

 a tuft of fine hairs ; the labrum is concealed ; the antennae are small 

 and ten-jointed ; the basal joints are short ; the three terminal joints 

 are comparatively large, placed close together, and form a triphylloiui 

 knob. The thorax is generally somewhat triangular, with the anterior 

 part (which would form the apex of the triangle) truncated. The 

 elytra are usually rather straight at the sides, and obtusely rounded 

 at the apex, thus presenting a somewhat square form ; their disc is 

 rather flat A triangular scale is interposed between the base of the 

 thorax and that of the elytra at their outer angles. 



The Cttoniatln form one of the most extensive groups of the Beetle 

 Tribe, and nothing can exceed the brilliant colours with which many 

 of them are adorned in this respect vyeing with, if not surpassing, 

 the Supratidcf. 



In the larva and imago state* these insects feed upon vegetable 

 substances-: the grub or larva of the common Rose-Beetle very much 

 resembles that of the cockchafer; and when about to assume the pupa 

 state incloses itself in a cocoon formed of particles of earth and rotten 

 wood, or any surrounding substance*, fastened together by means of 

 a glutinous secretion. 



In viewing a large collection of insects of this family it is difficult 

 to say what colours prevail most. In Cttonia, the typical genus of 

 the group (in which the scutollurn is of moderate size) the colours are 

 generally burnished, and consist for the most part of various shades 

 of green. C'rtonia aurata, the common Rose-Beetle, affords a good 

 example of this genus. It is about three-quartern of an inch in leugth, 

 and of a bright green and sometime* copper-like colour, with two 

 white irregular fascia; towards the Uttter port of the elytra, and 

 extending from the side inwards: these fascia; (and several little 

 spot* of the same colour which are observable on the elytra) are com- 

 posed of a number of small scales, which in old specimens are often 

 nearly all rubbed oft This specie* is too well known to require 

 further description. It is seen very commonly in the south of Eng- 

 land, flying about in the sunshine during the months of May and 

 June, frequently settling on roses, the leave* of which it greedily 

 devours ; it is also very fond of elder and lilac flowers. If perchance 

 the bark of a tree be wounded so that the sap ooze* out, this insect 

 will frequently bo observed licking it up, and collecting it by means 

 M tufU of hair with which the maxilla are terminated. 



Riisel informs us, that he kept one of these insect* alive for upward* 

 of three years, during which time he fed it upon fruit and moist 

 white breed 



Cttonia tlirlifa, a small specie*, about half an inch in length. au<l 

 of a black colour, with numerous white spot* on the thorax ana elytra, 

 i* *aid to have been taken in this country. IU occurrence is how- 

 ever 10 rare, that it is doubted by SOUK- if it ! truly indigenous. 

 It is common in France and Germany, and in found on thistle*. 



C. fattuota, a pecie* which somewhat resemble* Cttonia 

 but is of a larger size and without any spot*, occurs in the south 

 of France. 



CETRARIA, a genus of plant* belonging to the family of Lichens. 

 The species have the following characters: Tliallu* liliaceous, 



lobed, and laciniated; on each side smooth and naked; the 

 ore orbicular, obliquely aduate with the margin of the thall 

 lower portion being free ; the disc coloured, plano-concave, with n 

 border formed of the thallus, and indexed. 



C. Itlandica, Iceland Hoes. It U the Liclicn Itlamlicu* of elder 

 botanists. It has an erect, tufted, olive-brown thallus, pnK-r on one 

 side, laciniated, channeled, and dentato ciliated ; the fertile lacinia 

 very broad. Shields brown, flat, with an elevated border. It grow* 

 on the ground in exposed situations in northern countries. The 

 aqueous decoction when cold forms a thick jelly. It has a l.iu.-r 

 flavour. It has been employed medicinally. [ICELAND Moss, in A UTS 



AND So. 1)1 V.] 



C'. nii-iil u in an allied species growing on mountains in northern 

 countries. It has similar properties to the hut. 



CEUTOKHY M ms. :i KIM"* of Coleopterous Insecta, of the 

 family Curculionida (Leach). The species have the antenn:r eleven- 

 jointed, seven of which compose the funlculus ; the basal joint is as 

 long as the remainder taken together; the club is ovate. Rostrum 

 sometimes long, bent, and filiform, and at others short and straight. 

 Thorax with the fore part much attenuated, with a channel beneath, 

 in which the snout may be deposited. Scutellum minute and hardly 

 apparent ; the elytra are rounded at the extremity, and do not entirely 

 cover the abdomen ; the extremity of the tibia: is without spine. 



The little insects of which this genus is composed are very nume- 

 rous, and frequent plants of various sort*; some scarcely exceed a 

 mustard-seed in size. C. didymut is abundant on the comm <n 

 stinging nettle, and is about the size of a hemp-seed. It is white 

 I..-!,. .Mil. ami i if a dull brownish Mack above; the sides of the thr.i\ 

 are white, and the elytra are furnished with two spots of the same 

 colour; the apex of the elytra is also more or less white. \\ I,, n 

 touched, or often when even approached, these little beetles close 

 their snout hi a groove on the under part of the li..<ly, contract the 

 legs, and allow themselves to roll off the leaves to the ground, where 

 they are with difficulty distinguished from the mould. 



rKVADil.LA. [CEBADILLA.] 



CEYX. [ KlSl.HSHKKS.J 



CHABAZITE, a mineral belonging to the large class of Aluminaia. 

 It always occurs in the form of attached crystals ; never massive or 

 fibrous. The primary form of the crystal is a rhomboid. The colour 

 is white, also yellowish and red. The lustre is vitreous, and it is 

 transparent to translucent. The hardness is 4 to 4 '5. The speeitie 

 gravity is 2'06 to 2'1~. It has the following composition : 

 Silica ........ 48-4 



Alumina ........ I'.i:; 



Lime ........ S'7 



Potash ........ J ., 



Water ........ 21-1 



1 00-0 



This species includes Gait Unite, which occurs in small glossy 

 crystals; also Lrnynt, which is found in compound crystal- 

 Ledererite, which has the form of Gmelinite, hut (litters in containing 

 just one-third the quantity of water. 1'haculite is another variety. 

 It occurs in the form of small glassy crystals, which are double six- 

 sided pyramids. Jca<2ioto<! appears to be another variety. It has a 

 red colour, and comes from Nova Scotia. J/erichelite is another 

 variety. It occurs in small hexagonal tables. 



Chabazite is mostly easily distinguished by the nearly cubical form 

 presented by its crystals. From -1 nalciiar it is distinguished by 

 the intumescence produced by it under the blow-pipe. It is < I 

 guished from Calc-Spar by its hardness and its action with acids; 

 from Fluor-Spar by its form and cleavage, and by the absence of 

 phosphoree> 



It is found in Trap, Gneiss, and Syenite. In the New World it i, 

 t'ouml iu the Trap of Connecticut, in New Jersey, and New York. 

 Ltitrtntt^Mtmata in Nova Scotia. Chabazite is found in the i 

 Islands, at the Giant's Causeway, Ireland, also in Iceland. Gmtluutr. 

 is found in Antrim, Ireland. Levyne, at Glenarm in Ireland; also iu 

 Scotland, Iceland, and the Faroe Islands. 



CI1A< MA. [BABOON.] 



CH^RADODIA, a genus of plants belonging to the natural order 

 .1 mari/tlitliirete. One species of this genus, C. Chileniu, is called Thekel 

 iti Chili. A cold infusion of the leaves is used a* a purgative and 

 diuretic UK . lie-in.' by the natives. 



< H.KKnriiVIXUM, a genus of plant* belonging to the natural 

 order I'mMlifrnr, to the sub-order Campylotpertna, and the tribe 

 Scandicinea. It has on obsolete calyx ; obcordate petals with an 

 indexed point ; a fruit not beaked; carpels ith live equal obtuse 



