I'll AK.KAS. 



< IIKII.nlUPTKIirR 



Harbour and Fury Point about the middle and end at June. 

 Shore* of Hudsons Bay and of the Arctic Sea up to the 76th 

 parallel, where it breed* in June, quitting in September, halting in 

 October on the shore* of the Delaware, and proceeding farther south 

 on the Mtting in of cold weather. The United State*. The strait* 

 of Magellan. Cape of Good Hope. Japan, Sunda, the Molucca 

 Inland*, and New Guinea. Australia. In Europe, from Russia south- 

 ward to Italy. Norway. Madeira. In t hi* country it i* found on 

 the coast* from August to May, when it returns northward to breed. 

 Stationary in Zetland, according to Dr. Flumiug, who conclude* that 

 it breed* there. 



The Turnstone, as its name implies, procure* it* food small 

 crustacean*, molluscous animals, to. by turning over with it* strong 

 bill the stone* on the shore which shelter it* prey. Mr. Hewitwm 

 found its nest on the coast of Norway placed against a ledge of rock, 

 and consisting <>f nothing more than the dropping leaves of the 

 juniper bush. Under a creeping branch of this shrub the eggs, four 

 in number, of an olive-green colour, spotted, and streaked with 

 ash-blue and two shades of reddish-brown, were concealed and 

 sheltered. . 



CH AK.K'AS (Stephens), a genus of Moths of the family \octnidir. 

 It'has the following characters : Wings more or less denticulated ; the 

 posterior wing usually whitish in the males and brown in the females ; 

 palpi short, 2-jointed ; maxilla: long; antenna:' rather l.niir. simple in 

 the females, and more or less pectinated in the males ; head small ; 

 thorax large, not crested ; apex of the body furnished with a tuft of 

 hair* in the males. 



Several *pecie* of this genus have been found in England ; their 

 larvje are naked, feed upon roots, and assume the pupa state under- 

 ground. 



C. Graminit (Cerapteryx Oraminu, 'Cat Brit. Lep. in Brit Mus.'), 

 the Antler Moth. It varies from an inch to an inch and a half in width, 

 measured from tip to tip of the wings when expanded ; it is of a brownish 

 colour; the upper wings have a longitudinal white streak, which 

 extends beyond the middle, and gives out three branches at the apex : 

 touching this white line above there are two pale brown spots, and 

 another of the same colour beneath, near the base of the wing ; the 

 apex of the wing has a row of pointed black spots, more or less 

 distinct. 



The caterpillar is of a brownish colour, with yellow streaks on the 

 sides and back : H feed* upon grasses, and is exceedingly destructive 

 to the pasture* in Sweden. In England the insect is not so abundant ; 

 there is however an instance on record of ite having committed con- 

 siderable devastation in the north of England during the larva state. 

 We allude to an account given by Mr. Wailes, in the second volume 

 of the ' Entomological Magazine,' who observed a portion of the 

 mountain of Skiddaw thus affected their devastation causing the 

 herbage to have a dry and parched appearance : the part affected 

 comprised at least fifty acres, and extended some distance down the 

 -western side of the mountain ; and so marked was the line that the 

 progress made by the larva,- could be distinctly seen from the town of 

 Keswick. Large flocks of rook* were observed to frequent the spot, 

 and no doubt devoured immense numbers ; the moths however 

 appeared in groat abundance in the mouth of August From this 

 same gentleman'* observations we find that the history of the moth 

 is also interesting. It appears to be their habit to fly from about 

 half-past seven to half-past eight in the morning, during which time 

 they are seen in some parts of the country in the utmost profusion ; 

 their appearance and disappearance are extremely sudden. The field 

 in which Mr. Wailes observed them became in one moment a moving 

 DIMS, and after about an hour not a single moth was to be seen, all 

 having di*ap[>eared in a manner equally sudden : they fly about three 

 or four inches from the ground, and thread their way with considerable 

 rapidity through the stalks of gnus. This motli is by no means 

 abundant in the south of England : it departs a little from the cha- 

 racters of the genus in not having the wings notched. 



The other species of this genus are C. detpUu, the Hedge-Rustic, C. 

 luttJtnta, the Barred-Feathered Rustic, C. JSthiwu. the Black Rustic. 



i-HAklH'.KKT. [BETA.] 



rilAKI.oi K M-.UMH; IUptUNns.1 



rilAHH. ,,r CHAK. ISu.MosiD*.] 



CHASM" > 1 1] A, a genus of Coleopterous Insects of the section 

 Lametlicorna (Searab<au, Linn.), and sub-section Xylupkili (Latreille). 

 The species hare the following characters : Body rather convex and 

 broad ; scutellum Urge, somewhat triangular, equalling in length at 

 least one-third of that of the elytra ; the menoternum is prolonged 

 into a blunt point, and extend* a* far as the base of the femora of the 

 anterior pair of leg* ; the mandibles are entire, and obtuse at the 

 apex ; maxilla; with only two teeth, and furnished with a tuft of fine 

 hairs at the extremity ; mentum elongated ; elytra shorter than the 

 alxliiiiieti, broad behind, and obtusely rounded. The male Cluumndia 

 has the upper claw of the fore tarsi very broad and bifid, or divided 

 at the apex ; the inner claw is small and entire ; the claws of the four 

 posterior legs are entire, and of large size. The female has all the claws 

 of small sue; thoeeof the anterior pair of legs simple; tin four posterior 

 legs have the outer claw bifid. The tarsi of the male are thicker than 

 in the female, particularly those of the anterior pair of legs. 



All the ipecie* of thi* genu* are of large size, and may be readily 



distinguished from the IVomVr by th.-ir large scutellum and 

 form, combined with their smooth and glossy appearance. The I!I..IMV 

 i convex, and has the posterior margin oonaideVably win cd ; the part 

 joining the scutellum has a segment of a circle a* it were out a 

 admit the fore part of the latter, which is rounded ; this character is 

 also observed in the genus Cetonia and Uacrtupit, and affords a good 

 point of distinction between these and the grou|M nearest allied. The 

 genus Macratfit has also a very large scutelluiu, but differs in the 

 tarsi and other parta. [MACUAgpis.] 



C'luuiiKuliii i-irulit is about an inch in length and of a deep blue- 

 green colour throughout, with th.- exception ot'thc antenna;, the basal 

 joints of which are pitchy-red, and the club is black. 



There are four other species known, some of which are of a glossy 

 ] brown or chestnut colour. They all inhabit South America. The 

 specie* above named i common in !n.m the Hi 



I'll AT< IKSSIS, a genus of ! n^ing totliefami; 



It resembles the common herring, but the first dorsal ray i< pr. ' 

 in the filament The species are inhabitants of the wanner seas. 



CHATTKKKi:. | I:..MHYCII.I.A.] 



CHAULIODUS, a genus of Natatorial Birds belonging to the family 

 Anatidte, instituted by Swainson. [Ducus.] 



CHAULIOUUS, a genus of Fishes belonging to the Pike Family 

 (Etocidtr). There is but one species, V. Xhiani. It has two teeth in 

 each jaw, across the other jaw when the mouth is shut The < 

 fills are between the pectorals and ventrals. The tirst dorsal ray 

 terminates in a filament It has been taken at Gibraltar, is aU.ut IS 

 inches long, and of a deep green colour. 



CHAULMOOQKA, a native Indian name for the bruised seeds of 

 Gyrwardia odorata. [P.vv.i . 



CHAUNA. [PALAMEDKID*.] 



CHAVICA, a genus of plants belonging to the natural order 

 Piprnifttt. It includes many of the species which are ordinarily 

 . el to the genus Pijier. [PIPER.] 



OIKKSK-KKNNKT, the Haliant rerttm of b..t:uii-ts. which .i 

 its popular name from having been formerly employed to curdle milk. 

 [GALICX.] 



i-HKI LINUS. [LABRID*.] 



CHEILODA'CTYLUS, a genus of Fishes belonging to the section 

 lii and family Sci'midm. The mouth is small ; dorsal 

 fin with numerous spiny rays ; lower rays of the pectoral fins simple 

 and continued beyond the membrane. 



Cheiiodactylue munoduftiilu* (I'linimlon monodactylut, Carmichael, 

 ' Linnsean Transactions,' vol. .\ii.i will serve to illustrate this genus. 

 This fish is about 18 inches in length ; the body is somrwh.it oval and 

 compressed ; the teeth are small and crowded ; the pectoral fin is 

 large, and has 15 rays, the six lower of which arc simple and protrude 

 beyond the membrane; the sixth ray from the bottom is very much 

 elongated. The colour is olive, or bnni/c, with six dark stripes on 

 the back ; the fins are blackish, with the exception of the pectorals, 

 which are amber-coloured. 



f'li,<ilfltirtl/lu.1 ntinifrlnrli/llis. 



This specie* is very common ,, n the coast of the small island of 



Tri.-t;m la ('mili;- upon the I'lu'ii.-* , 



rllKII.om Trail's (Lacepede), nans of Fishes belonging to 

 the section Aamthofterygii und family /' ,-i-;,l,r. The body is rather 

 short; pre-opersohun doable-edged, theiedges finely serrated ; scales 



large, easily dislodged, continued on to the pre-operculum ; the two 

 dorsal fins widely separated. 



The characters here detailed are those of the genus Apogon, from 

 which the present genus differs chiefly in having the jaws furnished 

 with long and pointed teeth. Three species of Chfilodiptenu are 

 known; they are all of small si/.c, and furnished with slender longi- 

 tudinal stripe*. C. n<-t-i-itt<itini, as it* name implies, has eight stripes. 

 C. '/iiiiii/uelintattu has five longitudinal black stripes, theground colour 

 of the body licing silvery white ; it is about four inches in length, and 

 comes from the Society Islands. The third s|>ecics. ( '. .1 / -<t/ii< ., is .if 

 un olive Ki-ccn colour above, and has the under parta silvery with a 

 pinkish hue ; this species has from 14 to IT longitudinal stri]>cs. 



As an example of the genus A)>',i>in, of which there are 



s, we may notice the AI<"'.I"" /'' " "'/'<"<. or Hoi des If. 

 (( 'uvicH : this species rarely exceeds six inches in length, and in of a 



nl red colour with three large black spots on tin- back 

 under each of the dorsal tins, and Ml the tail; the whole 



