CHEIUOP1 



c'HKIKOPTKItA. 



all round the pUoe where I had lain, upon the ground, on examining 

 which the surgeon judged that I had lost at leant twelve or fourteen 

 ounce* during the night" Thin is mifficiently circumstantial, and the 

 narrative u assisted by Mr. \V..,.,I, who i|uots the passage in hi* 

 ' Zoography,' and who inform* in that " it is aaid to perform the ope- 

 ration by linmlllii], its aculeattxl tongue into the vein of a sleeping 

 penou with so much dexterity an not to be felt ; at the same time 

 fanning the air with iU large )liip. and thus producing a Mutation 

 so delightfully oooi that the sleep U tendered still more profound, and 

 the unfortunate pentou reduced almost U>. death before be awakes." 

 And the same author further informs us that " there is reason to 

 believe that this thint after blood is not confined to the hats of one 

 continent, nor to one specie*), since at Java they seldom fail to attack 

 those person* who lie with their feet uncovered." The same sort of 

 stories are to be found in most books of Natural 1 1 i-t< TV up to a late 

 period. Wood's work was) published in 1807, and the tales are con- 

 tinued in Bewick in the edition of l i.-r, in the last edition of 



the ' Hague Animal' (1329), says, "They hare sccused this species of 

 having caused men and beasts to periali by sacking them, but it con- 

 tent* itself with making very small woirada, which may sometimes 

 become envenomed by the climate." Lesson (1837), in his notice of 

 the gems, says, " The eimgle American species in celebrated by the 

 fables with which they hare accompanied its history." Dr. Horsfielil, 

 who paid particular attention to the Javanese Bats, does not say a 

 word of their blood-thirsty propensities. That some of the Phyllot- 

 tomata suck the blood of animals as well as the juices of succulent 

 fruits, zoologists are agreed; and we have above endeavoured to 

 describe the peculiar apparatus with which they are furnished. 

 Where the "aculeated tongue" fitted for insertion "into the vein of 

 a sleeping person " is to be found among the known bate, we are igno- 

 rant The rogfc tongue of the gesras Pteropui has been supposed to 

 have been employed for abrading the skin, to enable the animal to 

 suck the part abraded, but zoologists are now agreed that the suppo- 

 sition in groundless. It U more than probable tht the celebrated 

 Vampire supenrtiticm and the blood-sucking qualities attributed to 

 the Bat have some connection with eh other. 



Pino describes the bodies of hi* Bats (Andira-guaca) as being as 

 large as European pigeons. 



MaJatem, Leach. Characterised by four incisors in each jaw ; the 

 two intermediate upper ones are longer than the lateral ; they are 

 bifid ; the lower incisors are equal, simple, and pointed. Four molar 

 teeth in the upper and five in the lower jaw on each side. Two nasal 

 leave*. No tail. Lips furnished with soft fringed and compressed 

 papilla;. Tongue bifid at the point. 



M. Letfuii. Nasal leaf suddenly pointed ; ears moderate and 

 rounded. Fur blackish. Interfemoral membrane notched. Expan- 

 sion 16 inches. Locality, Jamaica. 



(Hoaopkaga, Four incisors in each jaw ; canines moderately strong. 

 Tongue very long, extensile, and terminated by a sort of sucker. Nose 

 surmounted by a crest in form of a pike-head. Tail none, or variable 

 in length. Interfemoral membrane very small, hardly any. 



Incisors _; canines, ; molars, - =24. 



4 1 1 8 3 



Locality, entirely American. The extensile tongue, says Lesson, 

 enables the species to suck the blood of animals. 



O.toricinaot Geoffrey, VapertUio 'toricinui of Pallas and Gim-lin. 

 Interfemoral membrane comparatively large. No tail. Locality, 

 Surinam and Cayenne. 



JUtinopoma, Geoff. Two incisors in the upper jaw, four in the 

 lower. Nose long, conical, cut square as it were at the end, and sur- 

 mounted with a small leaf. Nostrils) straight, transversal, and oper- 

 culated. Ear* large, earlet (oreillon) external Tail long, enveloped 

 at its base in the interfemoral membrane, which is cut as it were 

 square, and free sit the extremity. 



Incisors, ?.; esnmes, J=|; molars, t 

 4 1 1 



There are two species only ; one African, the other American. 



A micropkyUa. This is Melon's Chauve-Souris d'Egypte. The fin- 

 is ash-coloured, and the tail very long and slender. It is the 

 species that abounds in the long and dreary galleries of the Egyptian 

 Pyramids. 



Artibrtu, Leach. Four incisors in each jaw, of which the upper 

 ones are bifid and the lower ones truncated. Two canines above and 

 the same number below ; the up|r ones have an internal border at 

 their base. Four molars above and five below on each side. Two 

 nasal leaflets ; one horizontal, the other vertical. No tail. 



A. Jamaieauu, the only specie* known. Brown above, grayish 

 below. Flying membranes, and ears brownish. The lips are sur- 

 rounded with a regular series of wart*, and the mouth is provided 

 internally with a narrow, fimbriated, cribriform membrane. Expan- 

 sion about 1 foot, 8 inches. Length from the muzzle to the 

 extremity of the interfemoral membrane, 4 inches, 10 lines. Dr. 

 Horsfield calls it Phyl/oitoma Jamaicaue, and says that in many par- 

 ticulars it agrees with Pkyltomoma planiroitnun of Spix, though it is 

 clearly distinguishable from it. 



Monophylliu, Leach. Four unequal incisors in the upper jaw, of 

 which the two middle ones are longer than the lateral, and bifid ; 

 none in the lower jaw ; two canines in each jaw. Five molars above 



ami nix below on each side. A single straight leaf upon the nosr. 

 Tail shurt. 



.V. Rnlm'tni. Brown above, grayish below. Ears rounded. Nose- 

 leaf, which is sharp, covered with small whito hnirx. Mi-uihranes 

 brown. Locality, Jamaica. 



2. Hub-Family, Rkinolnpkima. 



Nasal leaf complicated, membranous. Imlcx witli a single phalanx. 

 Wings largely developed. Females with pectoral teats often accom- 

 panied by pubic warts simulating mamilhe. 



Rhmolopkta, Geoff. Nose at the bottom of a cavity bordered by 

 a wide crest of a horseshoe shape, and mirni..Miit.-d by a leaf. KOTM 

 moderate, lateral, without an earlet (omlloii). Tail long, cntiu-ly 

 enveloped by the iuterfemoral membrane, which is verv much 

 developed. 



T . 2 . 1 1 , 5 5 



Incisors, ; canines, ; molars, =32. 



4 1 1 ' '* 



There are several species. 

 R. trident (Airltia Iridau, Gray) is a native of Egypt. 



Head and tkull of Rinolnphtu tridfn*. 



R. mobilii is a rare and fine Javanese species : it U the KeliMck of 

 the natives. It was described by Dr. Horsfield, who observes thul it 

 belongs to the second section of the genus. The nasal apparatus con- 

 sists of a broad membrane stretching transversely across the nose in 

 form of a shelf ; the sides are bounded by several parallel folds, and 

 inferiorly it constitutes a semicircular envelope, which has a .-hi: 

 obtusely-rounded point in the middle. Colour above, pure brown; 

 beneath, brown variegated with gray. Fur remarkably long ami 

 silky, and supplied with a most delicate down at the base, so as to 

 be throughout very soft to the touch. Body 4 inches in length. 

 Expansion 1UJ inches. 



lujiltut nobilit. 



Megajerma, Geoff. Ears very much developed, and brought fur- 

 ward on the- head. Earlet internal, wide. Three nasal cre.-t 

 vertical, one horizontal, and one inferior of a horseshoe shape. N < 

 tail. Iuterfemoral membrane cut square. 



Incisors, ; canines, ; molars, =26. 



4 1 1 6 6 



M. trifvlium. Locality, Java, where it is the Lovo of the natives. 



a, Head of Hegaderma tri/ulium ; fr, Skull of Meytidfrma Front. 



Xycterii, Geoff. A very deep longitudinal sillon upon the ehunfn-in. 

 Nostrils covered by a cartilaginous moveable operculum. Ears large, 

 united at their base. Earlet external. Interfemoral membrane very 

 large, comprehending the tail, the last vertebra of which is terin 

 by a bifurcated cartilage. 



Incisors, ; canines, ; molars, .-H_ =32. 



1 1 "i .'< 



.V. i,'to/myi. Fur, gray-brown above j brighter below. Ears very 

 large. A well-developed wart placed upon the lower lip, between two 



