1011 



CHKI.ONUNS. 



cllKlUMin-F.lt. 



1012 



__ conspicuous and beautiful of the British moths, it may be wel' 

 briefly to state the characters of the family A rctii<l<r. as far as the 

 diversified habit of the species will admit. The jialpi are two in 

 number, mostly S-jointed and hairy. The antennn have a double 

 series of pectinations; thorax large ; the apex of the body generally 

 furnished with a tuft ; wings closing so as to form an angle by their 

 junction, or folding horizontally. The males are usually larger than 

 the females ; larvw generally very hairy, frequently furnished with 

 numerous tuft*, those on the tail and towards the head the longer. 



The genus Oirttmia is synonymous with A rctia of Schrank. The 

 latter name is generally adopted by British entomologist* from its 

 priority. The term Chelonia is open to another objection, being 

 commonly used to designate a section of Tortoises. 



Ardia Caja, the Large Tiger-Moth, or the Garden-Tiger, is very 

 common in the south of England, but apparently less so in the north. 

 The expanded wings measure from 24 to 3 inches in width; the 

 upper wings are of a chocolate-brown colour, with numerous irregular 

 cream-coloured markings ; the under wings are scarlet, with five or 

 six large blue-black spot* ; the body is also scarlet, or pinkish above, 

 with several transverse black bands ; on the under side the ground- 

 colour is black, with pink bands ; the head and thorax are brown, 

 separated with a red ring; the legs are red at the base, and the 

 antennn are white. 



The caterpillar of this moth is found in great abundance near 

 London, and is frequently seen crawling on pathways : it is covered 

 with long black hairs, and when touched will roll itself up in a ring : 

 it feeds upon a great variety of plants, but seems most fond of 

 lettuce, groundsel, and chickweed. The larva is found in the spring 

 months, and turn* into a pupa about June. The pupa is inclosed in 

 a loose web of a white colour ; the moth appears in the autumn. 



This species is extremely variable in its imago state; we have 

 seen specimens in which the upper wing U nearly all white, and 

 others in which the white is almost obliterated : the spots on the 

 under wing vary also considerably ; they sometimes run one into the 

 other so as to form a band. 



Aretia TiV/ira, the Cream-Spot Tiger-Moth, is the only other well 

 authenticated British species; it U far less abundant than the other. 

 The upper wings are black, with about eight large cream-coloured 

 spot*; the under wings are yellowish, spotted more or less with 

 black, and has an irregular black fascia near the margin; the 

 abdomen is reddish, spotted with black ; the head and thorax are 

 black ; the latter has two cream-coloured spots. 



The caterpillar very much resembles the one last described, but 

 has a red head, and legs of the same colour ; like the last it feeds 

 upon various plant*, particularly the chickweed. The moth appears 

 about the end of June, and is rather less than the Large Tiger. 



CHELONIANS. [CHELOKIA.] 

 CHELYa [CHBLOSIA.] 



CHEMNITZIA, a genus of Shell-Fish belonging to the Proso- 

 branchiate section of the Gaileropoda, and referred to the family 



Pyramiddlidtf. fPTRAJaDELLrDX.] 

 CHENALOPEX, 



, a genus of Birds belonging to the family Analida, 

 to which the Egyptian Goose (C. sEgyptiaca) is referred. [DOCKS.] 

 CHE'NNIUM, a genus of Coleopterous Insects. [PSELAPHUS.] 

 CHENOCOPROLITE, a Mineral of a yellow or pale-green colour, 

 belonging to the silver series, and supposed to be an arsenate of silver 

 and iron. 



CHENOPODIA'CE^E, Chenopodt, the Chenopodium Tribe, a natural 

 order of Exogens, consisting of numerous species, used either for 

 culinary purposes or for the manufacture of soda. They are spetalous 

 plant*, with minute green herbaceous flowers, a small number of 

 stamens, which are opposite the segments of the calyx, and a one- 

 celled membranous fruit, containing one single erect seed, or a very 

 small number. The leaves are soft and rather succulent, without any 

 trace of stipules. Most of them are found in the cold and temperate 

 parts of the world. They differ from Polygonatecf and Urticacax in 

 the want of stipules, and from Amarantaccit in their flowers not being 

 coloured and enveloped in membranous bracts. This order embraces 

 plant* of opposite characters, and when better investigated will 

 probably be split up. Schleiden has observed that certain speciei 

 nave the wood very compact, and pierced with vertical cords o! 

 cellular tissue. The order contains 63 genera and 360 species. They 

 are natives of all parts of the world, in waste and uncultivated places. 

 Spinach [SriXACu], Fat Hen, Good King Henry [CHENoroDiuul, 

 Garden Orach [ATRIPLCX], Chard-Beet, Beet, Mangold Wurzel [BETA] 

 belong to this order. Soda is obtained from species of Saltota and 

 Salifonia. [SAITOH; SALICORXIA.] 



CHENOPO'DIUM, a genus of plants the type of the natural order 

 Ckenopodiacta. It consist* of weedy plant*, common on dunghills and in 

 waste places, and known by the strange names of Fat Hen (C. album) 

 Good King Henry (C. Bonut-/Ienricut), Ac. They are generally 

 insipid plants, whose leaves and young shoots may be eaten as spinach 

 but which have no particular merit. In this genus is however founc 

 the celebrated Quinoa of Peru (C. Qninoa). This plant, whose seeds 

 are said to be of as much importance to the Peruvians as the maize 

 potato, and wheat, is an annual weedy species, with an appearance 

 similar to that of Garden Orach, to the size of which it grows. Its 

 flowers appear in close clusters about the ends of the branches, an< 



are succeeded by a profusion of little black or white seedn (according 

 to the variety) about the size of grains of millet. Its leaves are 

 employed as spinach, and the seeds in soup or broth as rice, and in 

 some parts of South America they are in as much use as rice in India. 

 They are said to yield a pleasant beer when fermented. It is chiefly 



" . . A r n . T _ 1 *l.l 1_ 



culture ; it there forms fields, the limits of which the eye can hardly 

 reach, of a monotonous and unpleasant aspect, scarcely mixed with a 

 single other species, and very unlike the rich and waving greenness of 

 our standing corn. It is also extremely common about the great lake 

 of Titicaca.- The seeds are ripened in England, and may now be 

 purchased at any of the seed-shops ; but the plant can hardly be con- 

 sidered worth the attempt at cultivating it where anything else will 

 grow. C. olidum has an atrocious odour, and has a reputation as an 

 antispasmodic and emmenagogue. 

 The following is an analysis of the British species of Chenopoditun. 



* Perianth enveloping the fruit. 



t Leaves undivided. 



Leaves ovate rhomboidal. C. olidum. , 

 Leaves ovate-elliptical. C. polytpermw*. 

 ft Leaves toothed, angled, or lobed. 

 Leaves triangular. C, urbicvm. 

 Leaves sinuate-dentate. C. album. 

 Leaves unequally 3-lobed. C. Jlcifolimn. 

 Leaves rhomboid-ovate. C. murale. 

 Leaves subcordate. C. hybridum. 

 Perianth not covering the fruit. 



t Stigmas short. 



Leaves rhomboid. C. rvbntm. 

 Leaves triangular. C. botryoidti. 

 Leaves oblong. C. glaucum. 



ft Stigma* elongated. 



Leaves triangular. C. Somu-ffmrtcut. 



CHERIMOYER, the fruit of a Peruvian downy-leaved species of 

 Anona, the A. Cktrimolia. It is described as the fruit most esteemed 



