: 



I INCHON A. 





by the form of iU leave*, which MTV Uper to the point, but also by 

 the j.iU at the under tide of the leave* being bordered with inflectrd 

 )i>in ; in C. Ctmtlamima they are quit* hairless. It U also allied to 

 a ntca, but that ipeoiee ha* a onooth corolla and gUndleas leaver 

 1 n the quality of its bark it U not distinguishable from C. Codami*ta. 

 Immense forests of this species exist in the province of 8. Jaen de 

 Bracamorro*. It u the eommoneet of all the Quinas in that part of 

 I'eru, and the moet esteemed ; in oomraeroe it ban the name of Quina 

 Kina. Dr. Lindley aay* thia species U the origin of the Seloa, or Gray 

 . i ana of Ktgliti commerce. 



3. C. hmctfolia (C. oujrw/i/cWio, Pavon ; C. Tunila, Lopez). Leaves 

 obovate-lanceolate, very smooth on each side, without glands; 

 panicle large, brachiate ; corolla silky on the ouUide ; capsules oblong, 

 onoothuh, five times as long a* broad. Next to C. Cwidaminra thin 

 U accounted the moat efficacious of all the species. It furnishes the 

 orange-coloured bark, or the- Quina Naraujanda of Santa 4 de 

 Bogota, and u obviously different from the two former species in its 

 leaves being destitute of glands. Humboldt states that it prefers an 

 iiicli>ment climate, on mountainous declivities from 4000 to 9000 feet 

 high, where the mean temperature is about that of Rome. In tlir 

 alpine forests of the upper limits of the zone inhabited by this 

 species the thermometer falls for hours as low as the freezing point. 

 The plant* are more rare than those of C. puAocCTU and C. magnifolia, 

 always growing singly, and not increasing readily by the root. A 

 kind of bark, bearing a high reputation at Cadiz, and called Calisaya, 

 is referred to this species. It derives its name from the province 

 where it grows, which is situated in the most southern part of Peru, 

 in LaPaz. 



Another variety of this, according to Humboldt, a distinct species 

 according to others, the Cinchona nititla of the ' Flora Peruviana,' is 

 found only upon the coldest parts of the mountains of Peru, where 

 it becomes a tree with a stem scarcely eight feet high. Its flowers 

 are bright red, covered inside with a white down, and do not appear 

 till Hay. Its bark, the Cascarilla Hoja de Oliva, although of the 

 finest quality, U never seen in commerce. 



4. C. pubacau (O. cordifolia; C. orata, Ruiz and Pavon ; C. pallet- 

 cent, Ruiz ; C. kinuta, Ruiz and Pavon). Leaves ovate, very seldom 

 sub-cordate, leathery, downy or nearly smooth on the upper side, 

 tomentose on the under side ; panicle brachiate ; corolla downy 

 outside, the limb hairy inside; capsules ovate, oblong, ribbed 

 externally, three times as long aa broad. A most variable plant, 

 yielding what is called Yellow Bark. It is found in the republic of 

 New Granada, in 4 N. lat, at heights between 6400 and 8650 feet ; 

 it has the name of Quina Amarilla. 



5. C. purpurea. Leaves broadly oval, somewhat wedge-shaped at 

 the base, shortly cuspidate at the point, on the upper side smooth, on 

 the under rather downy upon the principal veins; panicle large, 

 brachiate ; flowers somewhat corymbose ; corolla slightly downy 

 externally, its limb hairy inside; capsules cylindrical, becoming 

 ovate-oblong, with longitudinal ribs, four times as long aa broad. A 

 native of the Peruvian Andes, in the coldest and deepest parts of 

 the forests, about Chinchao, Puti, and elsewhere. It is also apparently 

 one of the wild roots of Santa F<5 de Bogota. 



The very considerable size of the trees of thia species, and its large 

 membranous leaves, covered on the under aide with prominent violet- 

 coloured veins, are said by Poppig to mark it readily. The bark, 

 called Cascarilla Boba Colorada, is not in much esteem ; but aa it is 

 readily collected it can be sold at a low price, and is used for 

 adulterating other sorts. According to Reichel it is undoubtedly the 

 Huamala Bark of trade. Dr. Lindley regards this and the foregoing 

 specie* as identical. 



6. C. ttaeneatyf. Leaves ovate, roundish, hardly acute, quite 

 smooth on both sides ; their principal veins close together ; panicles 

 corymbose; corolla slightly downy externally, with the lobes hairy on 

 the upper side; limb of the calyx smooth, bell-shaped, acutely 

 6-toothed. A species distinguished by De Candolle by the above 

 characters, but only known to him from specimens. It is found on 

 the mountains of Peru. Nothing is known of its sensible properties. 



7. C. f/umboldtiana (C. ovalifolia, Bonpland). Leaves oval, rather 

 obtuse, on the upper side shining, on the under between silky and 

 downy; panicle, brachiate, 4-flowered ; corolla silky on the outside, 

 smooth in the throat, with its lobes shaggy inside at the point; 

 capsules ovate, longitudinally ribbed, about twice as long as broad. 

 First described by Bouplanii as identical with C. ovalifolia of the 

 ' Flora Peruviana,' but afterwards recognised by him as distinct. It 

 forms forests in the province of Cuenca in Peru. In commerce it is 

 called Cascarilla Peluda, which signifies Velvet-Leaved Quina. Its 

 bark is not in much estimation ; it is however a good deal collected 

 for mixing with other aorta, and Bonpland suspect* it to be of good 

 quality. 



8. C. magnifolia (C. l*tetct*t ; C. fradifolia ; C. oUongifMa). 

 Leaves broadly oval, somewhat acuminate, smooth ; principal veins of 

 the under side shaggy at the edges; panicle brachiate ; corollas silky 

 externally ; capsules oblong, tapering, seven times as long aa broad. 

 According to Ruiz, Humboldt, and De Candolle, the C.oihmgifolia 

 of Mutia, which produces the Red Bark of Santa Fd U identical with 

 the C. magnifolia, or Flor de Arahar, of the ' Flora Peruviana.' The 

 former grows in 5* N. lat, at the height of from 3800 to 7800 feet 



Cinchona Humbvtdtiana, 



above the sea, and U particularly common about Mariquita ; the latter 

 occurs in the hottest parts of the Andes of Peru, about 10 degrees 

 south of the line. C. oblongifolia of Saute 6 produces a bark which, 

 although lens efficacious than that of C. Condaminta and i 

 is nevertheless better than that of O. pubetctm ; but this ia hardly 

 reconcilable with Poppig's statement that the C. maynifotia has a 

 woody bark, not very astringent, and is chiefly used for purposes of 

 adulteration : he adds, that the bark-peelers do not even reckon it a 

 fever bark, or Cascarilla, but name it simply Cortcza del Azahar. 

 This last-mentioned author describe* the tree na very stately, with 

 unusually large white flowers, diffusing a delicious odour like that of 

 orange-blossoms ; possibly the differences adverted to arc the result 

 of climate. 



9. C. tnacrocarpa (C. ovalifolia, Kuta). Leaves elliptical, !<: 



on the upper side perfectly smooth, on the under between hii -r,t,- 



and pubescent ; panicle trichotomoua ; corollas with closely pruased 



down on the outside; the lobes hairy in.-ide ; I'ajnuli- 



twice as long as broad. The White Bark of Santa F.<. Tli.' inv grows 



between 3 and 6 N. lat, at heights between 4200 and > 



variety of it, with leaves quite smooth on both sides, is common near 



Santa Martha. 



10. C. crauifolia. Leaves oblong, rather blunt, tapered to the base, 

 leathery, smooth on each side ; when young shaggy in the axilx 

 veins; stipules membranous, grown together; corymbs terminal, 

 trichotomous; branches 2-edged, few-flowered; fruit o 



three times as long as broad, crowned by the calyx. Found 

 Quito and Loxa; distinguished from C. maerocarpa by its pi 

 membranous stipules. Nothing ia known of ita bark. 



11. O. dichotoma. Leaves oblong-lanceolate, smooth, when Ihvt 

 unfolding rather silky; peduncles terminal, dichotomous, in loose 

 few-flowered corymbs; capsules linear, cylindrical, slender, fu 

 times longer than broad. Found on the Andes of Peru, in groves near 

 Pueblo-Nuevo, in the district of Chicoplaya. Ita bark is described as 

 brown, intensely bitter, with a little acidity. Thia and the foregoing 

 species Dr. Lindley places with those imperfectly known. 



12. C. afulifolia. Leaves ovate, acute, smooth, the veins <>l 

 under side somewhat shaggy ; panicle brachiate, stalked ; corolla .-i iky 

 outside, woolly inside; capsules oblong, tapering to the ban 

 time* as long as broad. A uttive of the lower woods of the Andes of 

 Peru, in Chicoplays. The bark i* stated to be called Cascarilla de 

 Hoja Aguda : it is moderately bitter. Ruiz aaya it does not deserve 

 any attention for medical purposes. 



13. C. micrantka, (C. porrtforo). Leaves broadly oval, blunt, 

 smooth, rather downy underneath at the base of the veins ; panicle 

 very large, braohiate, many-flowered ; corollas densely silky ; c , 

 oblong, three times as long as broad. A species iiihaliinni; tl, 

 elevated parts of the Andes of Peru, especially about tin- rill 



San Antonio de Plays, Grande ; the inhabitants call ita bark Ca 



Kino. The tree ia of considerable circumference, flowers in February, 



and frequently yields eight to ten arrobas of dry bark, sometime* 



