1113 



CIRRIPEDIA. 



CIRRIPEDIA. 



1114 



Mr. Darwin describes also the following species : L. Ilillii, L. anseri- 

 fera, L. pectinata, L. australis, L. fascicidaris. 



PcecUasma, Darwin. Valves 3, 5, or 7, approximate ; carina extend- 

 ing only to the basal points of the terga, with its lower end either 

 truncated or produced into a deeply imbedded disc. Scuta nearly 

 oval, with their umbones at the rostral angle. This genus embraces 

 the following species :P. Kiempferi, P. aurantia, P. crassa, P. fiasa, 

 P. eburnea. Four out of the 'five species live attached to Crustacea 

 in the European and Eastern warmer, temperate, and tropical oceans. 

 The fifth species was found attached to the dead species of an Echinus 

 off New Guinea, It is probable that several more species may be 

 discovered. 



Dichelasspii, Darwin (Octolasmis, J. E. Gray ; Heptalamiis, Agassiz). 

 Valves 5, generally appearing like 7, from each scutum being 

 divided into two distinct segments, united at the rostral angle ; 

 carina generally extending up between the terga, terminating down- 

 wards in an imbedded disc, or fork, or cup. The following are the 

 species; I). Warwictii, D. Grayii, D. pellucida, D. Lowei, D. ortho- 

 gonia. The species are very rare. They have been found attached to 

 crabs at Madeira and off Borneo, and attached to sea-snakes in the 

 Indian Ocean. 



Oxynaspii, Darwin. Valves 5, approximate ; scuta with their umbones 

 in the middle of the occludent margin ; carina rectangularly bent, 

 extending up between the terga, with the basal end simply concave. 

 The only species is 0. celata, which was found attached in numbers 

 to an Antipathe in Madeira, by the Rev. R. T. Lowe. 



Conchoderma, Olfers (Lepas, Linmeus ; Branta, Oken ; Malacotta 

 and Senodita, Schumacher ; Otion and Cinerai, Leach ; (rymnolepaa, 

 De Blainville ; Pamina, J. E. Gray). Valves 2 to 5, minute, remote 

 from each other ; scuta with two or three lobes, with their umbones 

 in the middle of the occludent margin ; carina arched, upper and 

 lower ends nearly alike. 



C. an'<a^)arwin. It is the Lejtai aurita, Linnaeus ; Otion Cuvieranus, 

 0. Blaini'itlianus, 0. Belli- 

 anus, '0. Dumerillianui, 0. 

 Risioanus, Leach ; 0. depressa, 



0. saccutifera, Coates; 0. 



iint, Macgillivray; Lepat 



Srporina, Poli ; Lepas cornuta, 



Montagu ; Conchoderiiia avr 

 rituin, C. lepwinum, Olfers; 



Branta aurita, Oken ; Mala- 

 cotta biralrit, Schumacher ; 



i,i/iiiiiolepas Cuvieri, De Blain- 

 ville. 



The capitulum has two 



ear-like appendages seated 



behind the rudimentary and 



often absent terga ; scuta bi- 



lobed ; carina absent or quite ^ 



rudimentary; peduncle long, /JO 



distinctly separated from the iG 



capitulum. This species is 



extremely common in every 



ocean. It in found on ships' 



bottoms from all parts of the 



world. It is found in the 



Arctic and Antarctic Oceans, 



not nnfrequeutly on the 



coronulao on whales, and on 



slow-moving fish. It is often Conchoderma aurita. 



associated with other species. Oj entire animal . j, the lateral valves 



The earlike appendages are e> tne single valve ; d, the terminal valves. 



the most extraordinary part 



of this animal. Mr. Darwin thinks that their function is respiratory 

 C.virrjata, Darwin. It is the C. viryatum, Olfers; Lepas viryata 



Spengler ; L. coriacea, Poli ; L. membranacea, Montagu ; Branta 



virgata, Oken ; Senodita fasciata, Schumacher ; Cinerai rittata, Leach 



C. membranacea, Macgillivray ; C. bicolor, C. vittatut, Brown ; Gymno 



lepai Cranchii, De Blainville ; Pamina trilineata, J. E. Gray. Th< 



scuta 3-lobed; terga concave internally, with their apices slightlj 



curved inwards; carina moderately developed, slightly curved 



peduncle blending into the capitulum. 



Vonchoderma viroata. 

 a, Animal. 6, the scuta ; c, the carina ; d, the terga. 



Like the last, this species is extremely common on ships' bottomi 

 from all parts of the world. It also attaches itself to sea-weed 

 turtles, and other objecta. 



The small valves in C. aurita were overlooked by Lamarck, but 

 letected by Leach. In the Museum of the Royal College of Surgeons, 

 Nat. Hist.,' No. 265, there is a species named Cinerai Hunteri, of 



fhich 

 which 



two small groups are attached to the tail of Hydrophis bicolor, 

 is figured in Russell's ' Indian Serpents," 1, tab. xli., and is 

 ailed by the natives ' Nalla Wahlagillee Pain.' Russell says, " This 

 ea-snake, according to the Vizagapatam fishermen, seldom approaches 

 he shore ; several of them had never seen one before. They pre- 

 euded it was of a very dangerous kind, which is contradicted by the 

 want of poisonous organs." 



C. Hunteri is admitted as a species by Mr. Darwin. It has however 

 scarcely more claim to be regarded as a species than some of the 

 varieties of the first two species. 



Alepas, Sander Rang (Anatifa, Quoy and Gaimard ; Triton, Lesson ; 

 Cineras, Lesson). Capitulum without valves, or with horny almost 

 lidden scuta. 



M. Rang has given the generic appellation above stated to the 

 Cineras parasita of Lesson, and the Anatifa univalris of Quoy and 

 jairnard. The species on which the genus was founded was detected 

 attached to the umbrella of a Medusa. Rang considers this to be the 

 Triton of Linnasus. Cuvier, in the last edition of the 'Regne Animal,' 

 observes that he has not seen the species, but still adheres to his old 

 opinion ; for he says that it ought not in any case to be confounded 

 with the Triton of Linnaeus, which was the animal of an Anatifa torn 

 from its mantle and shell. 



A. parasita, Sander Rang. It is the Anatifa univah-is and A. para- 

 sita, Quoy and Gaimard ; Triton (Alepas) fascicu- 

 latua, Lesson. Orifice not protuberant, equalling 

 two-thirds of the length of the capitulum ; scuta 

 horny. Total length two inches. 



It has been found parasitic on Medusae in the 

 Mediterranean and Atlantic oceans and on the 

 south shore of England. 



Three other species A. minuta, A. comuta, 

 and A. tubulosa are described by Darwin. 



A nelasma, Darwin; Alepas, Loven. Capitulum 

 without valves, aperture large, peduncle firnbri- 

 ated, sub-globular, imbedded. / 



A. iqualicola, Darwin, is the only species of this 

 genus. It was referred by Loven to Alepas, but has been separated 

 by Darwin. It lives parasitic, with its peduncle imbedded in the skill 

 of sharks in the North Sea. 



Alcippe, A. Hancock, 1819. Capitulum without valves, with the 

 aperture spinose; peduncle grows at its lower end, rostral surface 

 depressed and covered by a horny" disc; capitulum and peduncle 

 imbedded in a self-formed cavity. 



This most remarkable genus bores cavities for itself in shells. It 

 inhabits the shores of England. It has but one species, A. lampas, 

 Hancock. 



Ibla, Leach (Anatifa, Cuvier; Teti-alasmis, Cuvier). Female and 

 hermaphrodite with 4 horny valves ; peduncle clothed with persistent 

 horny spines. 



There are two species of this, I. Cuminyii and /. quadrivalvis. 

 This is one of the genera in which complements! males occur, the 

 structure of which Mr. Darwin has described at great length. 

 /. Cuminijii inhabits the seas of the Philippine Archipelago, and they 

 are invariably attached to the peduncle of Pollicipes miielta in groups of 

 two or three together. /. guadrivalvit is found in the Australian seas. 

 Scalpellum, Leach (Lepas, Linn. ; Pollicipes, Lamarck ; Polylepas, 

 De Blainville; Smilium, Leach; Calantica, J. E. Gray; Thalidla, 

 3. E. Gray; Anatifa, Quoy and Gaimard; Xiphidium, Dixon). 

 Hermaphrodite and female with valves 12 to 15 in number ; latera of 

 the lower whorl 4 or 6, with their lines of growth geuerally directed 

 towards each other; .sub-rostrum very rarely present; peduncle 

 squamiferous, most rarely naked. 



8. vulyare, Leach. It is the Lepas Scalpellwm, Linnaeus ; Pollicipes 



Alepas parasita. 



Scalpellum vulgare. 



Scalpellum, Lamarck ; Polylepas vulgare, De Blainville ; Scalpellum 

 Iceve, Leach. Hermaphrodite with capitulum of 14 valves, including 



