Ill* 



CISTUDO. 



CITRUS. 



1120 



specie* U more oommon in this country than the but, and appears to 

 be confined chiefly to the sea-coast, where, like the one above men- 

 tioned, it U found in flowers. 



itfcriofkar<u.--ln this genus the head in short and rounded, and 

 the Ubnim is tranirrene ; the antmnio are shorter and the body is 

 more elongate than in CiHiia. About ten species are known, most of 

 which inhabit Europe and North America ; but one is found in 

 England (.Vyertofknrm irapvlorit) ; this is about three -sixteenths 

 of an inch in length ; black ; the elytra with two orange-coloured 

 spots at the base ; the base of the antenna and the tibia and tarsi 

 arereUow. 



The larva* of this insect, together with those of one or two other 

 specie* of the CiittluUt, are figured in the first volume of the 

 4 Entomological Society's Transactions,' where an account of their 

 habit* will also be found. 



The genus AlUcula (Latreille) may be distinguished from either of 

 the foregoing genera by the species having the penultimate joint of 

 the tarn bilobed, and the terminal joint of the palpi securiform. 



Upwards of thirty species of AUrcida have been discovered, most of 

 which inhabit South America. 



CISTUDO. [CHKI.OJHA.] 



CISTUS, a genus of Plants belonging to the natural order Cittaeetr. 

 The calyx is composed of 5 nearly equal sepals in a double row ; 

 corolla of 6 equal petals, somewhat cuneated, caducous ; the stamens 

 numerous ; style filiform ; stigma capitate ; the capsule superior, 

 5- or 10-celled, loculicidal ; the seed ovate, singular; the embryo 

 filiform, spiral. The species are shrubs or undershrubs with opposite 

 leaves and one- or many-flowered peduncles. . The flowers are either 

 red or white, large, resembling a rose. 



C. Crttirtu, Cretan Rock-Rose, has spathulate ovate and oblong 

 leaves, somewhat hairy, downy, dull green, somewhat wavy at the 

 edge, and stalked ; the petioles furrowed, nearly distinct, the pedun- 

 cles 1 -flowered; sepals with a long taper point and villous; white 

 flowers. It is a native of dry hills in the most southern parts of 

 Europe. It has evergreen leaves which emit a balsamic odour when 

 rubbed, or aftet damp warm weather in the summer. It yields, with 

 many other species of Cuttu, a gum-resin called Ladannm [LAPANUU, 

 in ARTS AND So. Drv.], formerly in great repute as a stimulant in 

 medicine, and still used by the Turks as a perfume. 



' 



Cretan Ilock.Uow (f'itliu C-rrtinu). 



O. Untrifoli**, the Laurel-Leaved Oum-Cistus or Rock-Rose has 

 talked ovate-lanceolate 3 nerved leaves, with the upper surface 

 glabrous and the under surface tomentose ; the footstalks dilated and 

 connate at the base ; the capsule 6-oelled. It is a native of the south 

 of France and Spain. It has white flowers with a yellow mark at the 

 base of each petal 



C. ladoHi/enu, Oum-Cistus, has almost sessile leaves, connate at 



the base, linear lanceolate, 3-nerved, the upper surface glabrous, the 

 under surface tomentose ; the capsule 10-celled. It is a native of the 

 hills of Spain and Portugal Two varieties are described, one with 

 white petals having a yellow spot at the base, the other with white 

 petals and a blood-coloured spot at the base. 



C'. Lfdonhia connate leaves, oblong lanceolate, nerved ; upper surface 

 smooth, shining, under surface silky villous ; the flowers in corymbose 

 cymes ; the peduncles and calyx clothed with silky villi. It is a native 

 of the south of France. All the species of Ciiiui here enumerated are 

 said to yield the Gum Ladanum. Many species which were formerly 

 described under Citini are now referred to Jlrl \nntlirmum. j II > 

 THEMI-M.] This is the case with the whole of the old British species 

 of Citia*. The flowers of both these genera are very beautiful. Mini 

 are remarkable for lasting only one day, opening with the rising of 

 the sun in the morning and perishing with the setting sun of the 

 evening. All the species of Cwtat are worthy of cultivation in gar- 

 dens. They should be kept in the greenhouse in the winter, although 

 during mild seasons and against a south wall they will .xnrvive in the 

 open air. They may be propagated by seeds as layers, or by ripened 

 cuttings procured in July or August, which, if planted under a band- 

 glass, will root readily. 



(Don, Dicklamydetnu Plantt ; Lindley, Flora Medica.) 



(TniAIU'NUS, a genus of Fishes belonging to the family 

 Salmonidcc. The species inhabit the Nile. These fishes are chiefly 

 distinguished from their allies by the depressed muzzle, the upper 

 margin of the mouth being formed of the intermaxillary bones, the 

 maxillariea being very small. The tongue and palate are smooth ; the 

 adipose fin in covered with small scales as well as the greater portion 

 of the caudal fin. 



CITRON. [CiTRrs.] 



CITRUS, a genus of Aurantiaceous Plants, one of whose species 

 yields the Orange, another the Lemon, and others the Citron, Shad- 

 dock, Lime, and similar fruits. Among the other genera of the 

 natural order to which it belongs, it is known by ita stamens being 

 numerous and irregularly combined into several parcels, and by its 

 fruit having a leathery rind which can be easily separated from the 

 pulpy part that lien beneath. 



It in a common opinion that the golden apples of the Hesperides 

 were the fruit of some species of this genus ; but as the gardens of 

 tlu'si' fabulous personages were stationed, according to the most 

 approved opinions, either among the mountains of Atlas or to the 

 west of them, there is no probability that the opinion alluded to is 

 correct ; for, independently of the historical facts that citrons and 

 lemons at least were obtained from the Persians, it is certain from 

 the researches of Wallich and other Indian botanists that it is among 

 the lower ranges of hills in Nepaul, and most probably in China also, 

 that the wild states of the genus Citrtu find a home. It is addeil t h.-it, 

 the Sweet Orange itself comes from the southern provinces of China 

 and the Malayan Archipelago, but it is by no means clear that the 

 plant in those countries is really wild. It is however beyond all ques- 

 tion also of eastern origin. 



Eight species are enumerated by Risso, whom we follow in the 

 present article : we regard it, however, as a matter of great doubt 

 how far they are really distinct. The Orange, the Lemon, the Lime, 

 and the Citron were all that could be distinguished amongst the mam 

 of specimens collected for the East India Company in Nepaul ; and 

 there is no great difficulty in believing that all the numerous varieties 

 now cultivated in every port of the temperate and tropical zones, both 

 of the Old and New World, have in reality sprung from these four 

 original sources ; part of them being natural varieties obtained by 

 long cultivation, and part being hybrids created by accidental circum- 

 stances or artificial means. 



1. Citnu Auranlinm, the Sweet Orange (Granger of the French, 

 Arancio of the Italians). Stem arborescent. Leaves ovate-oblong, 

 acute, a little serrulated, with the stalk more or less winged. R, .<,,.,- 

 white. Fruit many-celled, roundish, very seldom pointed, goMrn- 

 yellow or tawny. Cysta in the rind convex. Pulp very sweet. The 

 principal varieties of this species are : 



a. The China Orange, with ovate-oblong leaves; round smooth 

 rather flattened fruit; and a thin golden-yellow rin.l. This in the 

 Common Orange of the markets, and of the Portuguese. 



b. The Pear-Shaped Orange, with elliptical acute leaves, 

 great top-shaped fruit, with a deep yell rim I ; a r 

 curious sort not known in the market ; it is one of the moat caj>;il>l" 

 of resisting cold. 



e. The Orange of Nice, with ovate-acute leaves, and large, thirl, 

 skinned, rough, dark-yellow, round fruit. This is consider- 

 of the finest of the whole genus, both in regard to beauty, sizo, pro- 

 ductiveness, and quality. It is a good deal cultivated about the 

 town whose name it bean. 



d. The Tiny-Fruited Orange, with ovate-oblong acute leaves, tiny 

 globose fruit, and a thin smooth golden-yellow rind. Supposed to 

 have been brought from the Philippines. The fruit is more curious 

 than beautiful or good. 



e. The Fingered Orange, with little stiff leaves, and orate fruit, 

 some one at least of whose lobes is separate from the remaiudi-r, 

 ;md hornrd ; rind pretty thick. This must not be confounded with 

 the Fingered Citron hereafter to be mentioned. 



