GLIXKA, GREGORY ANDREKVICH. 



GLOVER, RICHARD. 



lit 



a petty and annoying warfare, which Henry V. at first endeavoured to 

 put an end to bj conciliation ; but finding this metliod unsuccessful, 

 he afterwards enacted several severe laws to restrain the Weli.h. At 

 the expiration of two yean the king deputed Sir Gilbert Talbot to 

 negociate a treaty with Ulondwr, offering him and hit follower) a free 

 pardon ahoultl they entreat it. The remit of these proceedings does 

 not appear : it is probable that they were interrupted by the decease 

 of Glendwr. On the eve of St. Matthew, September 20th 1415, after 

 life of risk and danger, this turbulent chief died a natural death, at 

 the home of one of his daughters, There is a tombstone in the 

 churchyard of Monnington-on-Wye, which is commonly believed to 

 mark his grave, but no inscription or memorial whatsoever exists to 

 corroborate the tradition. 



Qlendwr powereed many qualities which eminently fitted him for a 

 warrior; he wai active, enterprising, and courageous, and, when 

 opposed to a superior force, both vigilant and caution*. But, on the 

 other baud, he was rapacious and careless of injuring others, though 

 bitterly revengeful of any injury committed against himself. Cruel 

 by nature as well as policy, he was the scourge rather than tho 

 protector of his country. 



QLINKA, GREGORY ANDRKEVICU, a Russian author of some 

 note, wai born in 1774, of a noble family, in the government of 

 Smolensk ; was educated at the college of the imperial pages ; became 

 an officer in the army, and, taking his discharge in 1800, astonished 

 the Russian world by soliciting and obtaining in 1802 the professorship 

 of Ruisian literature at the University of Dorpat. Up to that time 

 there had been no instance of a nobleman by birth engaging in the 

 business of education, and Glinka was in possession of an ample private 

 fortune. After eight years at the university he resigned, and in 1811 

 was selected by the empress-mother to give instruction in Russian 

 literature to the Grand Duke Nicholas, afterwards emperor, whom he 

 accompanied in bis travels on the Continent, and in England in 1816, 

 in the capacity of ' Cavalier,' or principal gentleman of his suite. He 

 was to discharge a similar duty to the Grand Duke Michael, but was 

 carried off by a sudden illness at Moscow, on the 8th of February (old 

 style) 1818. Glinka was the translator of several works from the 

 French and German : his most important original prodnctiou was a 

 dissertation ' On the Ancient Religion of the Slavonians,' Mittau, 1804, 

 8vo. A list of his writings will be found in the thirteenth volume of 

 the Russian ' Entaiklopede-chcsky Lexikon,' from which the above 

 particulars are taken. 



GLINKA, SKUGY MKOLAEVICH, an active and voluminous 

 Russian author, the particulars of whose biography as given by Grech 

 in his ' History of Russian Literature,' bear a striking resemblance to 

 those of his name-ake, Gregory Glinka. He was born in the govern- 

 ment of Smolensk in 1774, entered the army in 1796, retired from it 

 with the rank of major, gave up the whole of the family property to 

 his sister as a dowry, and employed himself in the education of youth, 

 first in the Ukraine and afterwards at Moscow. From 1808 to 1820 

 he edittd the ' Russian Messenger ' (' Rusky Viestnik '), a magazine 

 which contains valuable materials fur Russian history. A collection 

 of his works in twelve volumes was published at Moscow between 1817 

 and 1820. His compositions are almost all patriotic : a poem, in ten 

 cantos, is devoted to the celebration of the T.-ariua Natalia, the 

 mother of 1'eter the Great ; the tragedies and operas are on ' The 

 Fall of Kazan,' ' Miuin, the Expeller of the Poles,' ' Suvorov in Italy,' 

 &c. 'Rnssian Tales ' and ' Russian Anecdotes ' occupy the remaining 

 volumes, with the single exception of a translation of Young's ' Night 

 Thoughts.' This collection does not include a ' History of Russia for 

 the Use of Youth," which was originally issued in ten volumes, and 

 reprinted in fourteen. A ' History of the Migration of the Armenians 

 of Azerbijau from Turkey to Russia,' was published by Glinka in 1831, 

 and translated into German by Professor Neumann in 1334. The latest 

 work we have teen bearing Glinka's name is ' Russkoe Chtenie,' 

 'Russian Reading: Historical Memorials of the Country in the 18th 

 and 19th Centuries,' 2 vols., St. Petersburg, 1845. The contents are- 

 original information on the last days of Potemkin ; the intercourse of 

 Roetopchin and Suvorov ; the public characters of the age of Catharine 

 the Second, &c, ; in fact, like many of Glinka's works, it is a collection 

 of materials interesting in themselves, and which will be of value to 

 the future historian. In the preface, which is dated from St. 1'eters- 

 burg in August 1845, the author speaks of his life as drawing to a 

 close, but we have seen no mention of his death in the scanty sources 

 of Russian literary biography. 



GLINKA, THKDOH NIKOLAEVICH, a Russian poet and military 

 author, was born at Smolensk in 1788; was educated in the institution 

 for cadets; became an officer in the army in 1803, and took part in 

 the Austrian campaign of 1805, but afterwards left the service, and 

 lived on bis estates, giving up his time to literature, and occasionally 

 travelling about Russia from motives of curiosity. In 1812 he was 

 roused from his repose by the approach of Napoleon's invading army 

 to hii village, put himself on horseback, and joined the Russian forces, 

 where, after the battle of Tarutino, he was appointed adjutant to 

 Hiloradovicb, and continued in active service till the end of the cam- 

 paign of 1814. He was afterwards suspected of too liberal tendencies, 

 and for a time banished to Petrozavodsk, but continued President of 

 the Society of Friends of Russian Literature. Glinka's poems chiefly 

 consist of war-songs written on his campaigns, and remarkable for a 



fiery energy which made them favourites with the soldier*. His 

 contributions to the military journals are in high repute, but his chief 

 wid most interesting work is his ' Pisina Ruskago OfiUera,' or ' Letters 

 of a Russian Officer,' in eight small volumes, Moscow, 1815-10. This 

 contains his impressions of the countries ho passed through under the 

 singular circumstances of the victorious advance of the Russians 

 against Napoleon the description of a battle alternating with 

 criticism on the paintings of Rubens and observations on manners and 

 scenery. Glinka, if still alive, has been for some time not before the 

 eyes of tho public. 



QLISSON, FRANCIS, was born in 1597 at Rampishatu in Dorset- 

 shire ; WHS admitted at Caius College, Cambridge, of which he became 

 Fellow ; and after having graduated in medicine, and been elected a 

 Fellow of the College of Physicians, was appointed professor of i 

 in the University of Cambridge, which office he held for about forty 

 years. He was also president of the College of Physicians, lln 

 writings show marks of considerable power and originality of mind, 

 and contain some valuable information both in anatomy and physiology ; 

 but from his ideas having been obscured by tho language of tho 

 Aristotelian philosophy, they have not met with that attention which 

 they deserve. In 1054 he published an account of the anatomy of the 

 liver, in which he described that prolongation of the cellular tissue, 

 since called the ' capsule of Glisson,' which enters the substance of the 

 liver together with the vena porta and hepatic artery, and accompanies 

 their subdivisions to the ultimate lobules of which the organ is com- 

 posed. He anticipated Haller in pointing out that property of muscular 

 fibre to which that physiologist gave the name of irritability, for he 

 argues " motiva librorum facult <s nisi irritabilis foret vel porpetuo 

 quicsceret vel perpetuo idem ageret." He distinguished accurately 

 between perception and sensation, and gave as an instance of the 

 former the action of the heart under the stimulus of the blood, or 

 when removed from the body (that is to say, when stimulated by 

 pricking, pinching, galvanism, Ac.), and of the voluntary muscles when 

 excited after death. He maintained that it was only through the 

 medium of this natural irritability, and not directly, that motions were 

 produced under the influence of the will ; that the sensation of any 

 external object is produced by an impression upon the natural percep- 

 tion of the organ, and that this impression is conveyed by the nerves 

 to the brain. Thus light produces an impression on the retina, which 

 is conveyed by the optic nerve to tho bruin, and causes that sensation 

 which we call light That this view is correct is proved from the 

 fact, that any stimulus applied to the retina produces the same 

 sensation. In each instance we perceive the reaction of tho retina 

 under the external irritation. 



Glisson noticed the fact, that when any part of the body is stimu- 

 lated or thrown into action, those part* whicii derive their nerves from 

 parts of the brain and spinal cord near to those from whicii tho 

 stimulated part derives its nerves, are frequently thrown into action 

 also ; and he correctly explained this phenomenon by reference to tho 

 contiguous origins of their nerves. This view approaches nearly to that 

 now known by the name of the reflex function of the spinal cord. 



Glissou described, as it would seem from his own work for the first 

 time, the disease called the Rickets, which, as be states, made its 

 appearance about thirty years before the date of his work (lO.Vn, in 

 the counties of Dorset and Somerset, and by degrees spread to L 

 Cambridge, and Oxford, and the southern and western parts of Eng- 

 land, but had scarcely then reached the northern parts of the i.-i mil. 

 He named the disease Rachitis (fraxlns), in imitation of the popular 

 name it had obtained before it was described by any medical writer. 



His principal works are : ' Treatise on tho Rickets,' by F. G., 1630; 

 'The Anatomy of the Liver, with some Preliminary Remarks ou 

 Anatomy, and some Observations ou the Lymphatic Duets,' London, 

 16VI; 1'ractatus de Ventriculo et Intestinis, cni praniittitur alius do 

 partibus coutiuentibus in genere et iu specie de iis Abdominis,' London, 

 1077. They are all written in Latin. 



GLOSKOVVSK.I, a Polish poet of the 17th century, is the author 

 of a religious poem entitled thej 'Watch of the Passion of our 

 Lord," which, notwithstanding its rather odd title, is written in 

 beautiful verse. It derives its name from being divided into twenty 

 four parts, called hours. It has gone through several editions, an. I M 

 still much esteemed among the Protestants of Poland. He wrote also 

 a poem in Latin entitled ' Geometria Peregrinans.' 



GLOUCESTER, ROBERT OF. [ROBERT OF GLOUCESTER.] 



GLOVER, RICHARD, was born iu the city of London, in 1712. 

 His father was a Hamburg merchant, and being intended for the same 

 employment, the son received only a common school education. He 

 possessed however a natural love of letters. At sixteen, he wrote a 

 poem on the memory of Newton ; and at an early age commenced his 

 ' Leouidas,' an epic poem on the Persian War, published in 1737, in 

 nine books, and afterwards enlarged, in 1770, to twelve. 



o have a political tendency, it was w.innly praised by Lord 

 Lj-ttleton, Fielding, and the court of the Prince of Wales, and in a few 

 years ran through six or seven editions ; but its reputation, like that 

 of most things which are unduly elevated by external circumstances, 

 had sunk to perhaps below its proper level. A sort of continuation of 

 the history of the Persian war, called the ' Atheuais,' in thirty books, 

 was published posthumously in 1787. ' London, or the Progress of 

 Commerce,' and the song called 'Hosier's Ghost,' were written to 



