OOTKX, JAM \ 



r.B, JOHN ERNEST. 



e 3 O 



of Oower . raoaU in the library of Trinity 

 MMM ef any oop*eqMOC* or merit. Th* only 

 k, which i* printed U the 'Confe-io Amautis,' 

 before thy ear li0. ofhishUtory 



MthiM more U known, o.|.l that hi. principal work (the Confeuo 

 AoMatst*) WM written in oooeequenee of a casual meeting with 

 Bickard 1L. when that prince asked him to " book some new thing; " 

 titt* b. timmi blind in bU UUr year., and that at hU death he was 

 in Ik* oboroh of SV Saviour's. Soulhwark, when hi* menu- 



eat remain*. Whatever BUT he thought of bU poems, no on* can 

 deny hitu the praite of harm* by hi* benefaction* to the above- 

 eatinnsd building l*ft a moauuient wbioh no lorer of art can pan 

 without iHmif<i"*t, Oower stands half-way between the minstrel of 

 Normandy and the English poet, and be *e*au to bar* transferred 

 th* faulu of a A +riH'r' n G literature into the language of on* newly 



OOYKN. JAN VAN, a celebrated Dutch painter, born at Loyden 

 in 1MO. II* studied under several masters, and lastly under E. 

 Vaaderveld* ; and U WiTgrMr*' 1 for buiy canal and river scenes, 

 and nnnatinnillj *a pieces ; torn* of bit figure* were painted by 

 Jan Slum. Hi* picture* are good in all re*p*ot* taring colour, in 

 which they are cold, green, and dark owing no doubt chiefly to 

 the effect of tim* upon an iojudicioui choice of colour*, or, as tome 

 conclude, to UM u** of Haarlem blue. Van Ooyen waa certain and 

 rapid in hi* execution, and one* wagered, a* related by Hoogitraeteu, 

 AeadembderSchilderkunst,' with two other painter*, N. Knipbergen 

 and J. ParceUra, to paint the be*t picture in a single day : the works 

 of all three w*r* good, bat the judge* awarded the prize to Parcelled. 

 Van Ooya died at the Hague, according to Houbraken, in 1656. 

 Than are a few etching* by him. (Houbraken, Groote Sdtoutmrg, <L-c.) 



OOZZI. COUNT OASl'ARO, a writer of come distinction in the 

 Italian literatut* of the 18th century, was born at Venice, December 

 4, 1715. He was educated in a college at Munno, but instead of 

 applying himself to the more serious parts of study, he indulged his 

 natural turn for light literature, and work* of taste. So great indeed 

 were his indolence and easiness of temper, and his aversion to what 

 looked like bnsinees, that notwithstanding his patrimonial property 

 was at firat Tery considerable, he suffered it to go entirely to wreck, 

 learing himself no other resource than his pen. He had consequently 

 many struggle* to encounter, nor were his misfortunes much lightened 

 by bis marriage with Luigia liergalli, a lady of considerable literary 

 attainment*, but hi* senior by ten yean, and not altogether so amiable 

 in domestic life u in her poetical effusion*. She was however a woman 

 of talent, and beside* many original dramas and comedies, she made a 

 translation of Terence in blank Terse, ud likewise one of Racine; 

 beaides which the displayed some proficiency in painting. We may 

 therefore credit hi* biographers when they tell us that he sincerely 

 regretted her lose, notwithstanding the Turious vexations she had 

 caused him ; and more especially as she had borne him a numerous 

 oflncing. 



Hi* already shattered fortune bad, in the meanwhile, been almost 

 totally dilapidated by bis wife's undertaking the management of the 

 theatre San Angelo at Venice; whereby he was reduced to such 

 extremity, that be was compelled to make a subsistence by translating 

 for booksellers, and other literary occupation ; and is said not only to 

 have assisted Focoarini in hi* 'Storia della Letteratura Veneziana,' 

 but to have been the chief author of the work, filling up the outline, 

 which was all that bad been furnished by the other. At length, after 

 having toiled with his pen till more than sixty yean of age, fortune 

 showed herself all at onoe more propitious ; (or on the suppression of 

 UM order of Jesuit* be was entrusted, in 1774, with drawing up a plan 

 for the new public schools, of which he was appointed prefect, with a 

 handsome salary. Being afterwards commissioned to re-establish the 

 University of Padua, he removed to that city, and there spent the 

 remainder of hi* days in comparative affluence and leisure, although a 

 mat sufferer from many painful attacks and great bodily infirmities. 

 He died December 25, 1786, aged seventy three, and was buried in the 

 church of S. Antonio at Padua. 



Among his original works, which were fint published in a collected 

 form by the Abbat* Dalmistro, in 1818, in sixteen volume*, the most 

 popular are hi* Serrooni ' and the Ossorvatore Vcneto,' a series of 

 periodical Paper*, admirable a* well for the elegance of their style, as 

 fur their playful well-directed satire, and the sound moral instructions 

 they convey : so that they have obtained for their author the title of 

 the ' Italian Addioun.' It La* indeed been objected by Ugoni and 

 other critic., that Gouti w*s too fond of drawing up hi* subject* in 

 the form of allegorical narrative, yet many of them display much 

 invention and great ingenuity; and the dialogues after the manner of 

 Lucian, of whom he was a great admirer such as that between Ulysses 

 and those who have been transformed ty Circe into animal* are 

 replete with aouteoea* and satire. He was a no less enthusiastic ad- 

 mirer of Dante than of Lucian, a* is proved by his Difesa di Dante.' 

 Among various other works translated by him are the ' Daphnis and 

 Chloe T of Longua, th* ' Table of Cebes,' Pope's Kit-ay on Criticism,' 

 Fleury KoeMtttical History,' and Mormon tel's 'Tales.' 



G<y,7.I, COUNT CARLO, brother to the preceding, was born in 

 March 1772. At a very early age be displayed a taste for literature, 

 and applied himself w^h such immoderate diligence to reading as to 



subject himself to frequent fits of syncope, in the course of which ha 

 was at four different times supposed to be actually dead. Equally 

 precocious in bis passion for literary composition, before he had well 

 completed bis sixteenth year he produced four poems of considerable 

 length (' 1 1 Berlinghieri," Don Chuciotto," La Kilosofia Morale,' and 

 ' Qonella,' in twelve cantos), betides a great number of fugitive piece* 

 both in prose and verse, and a translation of Morivaux's ' Pharsainon.' 

 At length, in order to etoape from rapidly-increasing family embar- 

 rassments occasioned by his father's extravagance and by his brother 

 Oasparo'* bad management, he accompanied the Proveditor Querini 

 to Dalmatia, where ho continued about three yean, and while there 

 he began to apply himself assiduously to the study of mathematics 

 and fortification. On his return to Venice he was for a long time 

 occupied entirely with domestic matters, and in endeavouring to rescue 

 the mortgaged and alienated estates of the family ; till, grown weary 

 of constant litigation, he again took up his pen, and in 17C1 brought 

 out his first dramatic piece, entitled the ' Three Orange*,' and written 

 for the purpose of supporting the Sacchi company, whose theatre had 

 become almost deserted for that of Goldoni. Its success was so 

 complete that he followed it up with a succession of similar dramas, 

 all founded upon Venetian Fidbe, or atone* of wonderful adventures 

 and enchantments, derived from eastern countries, where their scene 

 is uniformly laid. For the Venetian public these pieces had the novel 

 attraction of abundant spectacle, action, and stage bustle, in addition 

 to that of the Ilaschera of the Italian theatre, and their impromptu 

 dialogue, which Goldoni had endeavoured to banish, and which Uozzi 

 was anxious to revive. They also abound in varied and striking 

 situations, both tragic and comic, and in scenes of Aristophauic 

 humour and licence, in which the author did not at all spare either 

 Qoldoni or his other dramatic rival, Chiari. The fame of these 

 romantic tragic and comic pieces soon extended itself to Germany, 

 where the wildnees and marvellousness of their plots gained them 

 many admirers ; among the rest, of Schiller himself, who has given 

 his countrymen a free translation of that entitled ' Turaudotte.' 

 Besides which, a complete German translation of them appeared at 

 Berne, in five volumes, in 1777. In fact, Gozzi has been more liberally 

 commended by foreigners, Ginguend, Sohlegel, De Stabl, &c., than by 

 Italian critics, some of whom have accused him of being trivial both 

 in his language and his sentiments. 



He afterwards composed a number of other dramas, partly trans- 

 lated, partly borrowed from various Spanish authors ; also a humorous 

 poem in twelve cantos, entitled ' Martin Biziarrc.' Further he ha?, 

 like his rival Goldoni, given us his autobiography under the whim- 

 sical title of ' Memorie Iimtili della sua Vita, acritte da lui medesimo, 

 e pubblicate per Umilta.' This work waa never completed by him, 

 but he discontinued it after the part printed in 1798, notwithstanding 

 that he lived several yean longer, for his death did not take place till 

 April 6, 1806, when he had attained the age of eighty-four. 



GO'ZZOLI, BENOZZO, a celebrated old Italian painter, born at 

 Florence in 1400, according to Vasari, but in 1406, according toCiampi. 

 He was the pupil of Fra Giovanni da Fiesole, whose works, as well as 

 those of Masaccio, he studiously imitated, but he failed completely in 

 attaining Masaccio's style of design. Many of Benozzo's frescoes still 

 exist in a tolerable state of preservation, more or less. Those in the 

 Campo-Santo at Pisa are considered the best. He painted here twenty- 

 four pictures, covering one whole side of the building ; he commenced 

 in 1469 and finished them in 1485, and was paid for each picture about 

 tun ducats (sixty-six lire) ; he was to paint by agreement three pictures 

 in a year. Supposing Benozzo'a whole time was thus occupied, which 

 it probably would have been if he had painted three pictures every 

 year, we have a great painter fully employed in the middle of the 1 5th 

 century, for a salary of less than thirty ducats, or about 132. sterling 

 per annum, which however would probably be equivalent to upwards 

 of 300J. ; a sufficient income, if for the spring and summer months 

 only. Benozzo was however paid at a higher rate at Orvieto, in 1147, 

 when ho received seven ducats per mouth : but this must have been 

 merely during the spring and summer months, when fresco painters 

 can only work. 



Buuozzo painted also in Florence, at Rome, at Volterra, and at San 

 Giiniguauo, but he settled ami died at Pisa, in what year is not exactly 

 known. Vasari was misled by the inscription on his tomb in the 

 Campo-Sauto, which is not the date of Benozzo's death, but the date 

 of the year in which Pisa presented him with the tomb during the 

 progress of the paintings. He probably died in 1485. 



(Vasari, I'ttc dc J'iitori, tc., and the Notes of Schorn's German 

 Translation ; Ciampi, Notizic inedite della Sagratia Patojae t Rosini, 

 Dacriiimt dtllt future del Camjio Santo di 1'ua ; Uumohr, Jtalimiicke 

 Foric/iunycn.) 



GKA.BE, JOHN KRNEST, was born at Konigsberg, July 10, 1666, 

 and was educated at its university, in which his father Martin Sylvester 

 Grabo was professor of divinity and history. He applied himself 

 diligently to the reading of the fathers, and was led by the perusal of 

 them to question the validity of the ordination of ministers in the 

 Lutheran Church. He therefore resolved to embrace the Human 

 Catholic faith ; but fint presented to the ecclesiastical consistory at 

 Sambia in 1'russia a memorial containing his doubts and difficulties. 

 Three Lutheran divines were commanded by the elector of Branden- 

 burg to repjy to ttiis, but, unable to convince him, they recommended 



