' 



URERNOUGH, HUUAT10. 



GREGORIO, ROSAHIO. 



1st 



to root oat Infection* Follies' 1690 ; 'Greene'* Mourning 

 neat, givra him by Repentance at the Funeral* of Love,' 1590 ; 

 and 'GrMo* 1 * OroaUworth of Wit, bought with a Million of Repent- 

 ance,' l.'.'J. which wa* published soon after hi* death by hi* friend 

 and Wlow-Ubourer Heonr Chettle, and ha* been reprinted by Sir 

 Enrtoo Brydgea, 1813. One of hi* nord*. 'Pandosto, tho Triumph 

 of Time/ otherwise oiled 'The Hjrtorie of Dorartus and rawnia, is 

 the original of ' The Winter'* Tale.' It wa* first printed in 1588, bad 

 reached twelfth edition in 1735, and U reprinted by Mr. Collier in 

 hi* ShakspMre'i Library,' 1840. Some other tract* of Greene will be 

 fooad in the 'Arehaica' and 'Harleian Miscellany.' All the prose 

 work* are intenpened with piece* in Tene, which are by far the be*t 

 part* of them. The style is their weak point ; it i* deformed by a 

 cloM copying of Lilly'* wont affectation*; and although, when we 

 examine the matter, we often discover picturesque description*, and 

 onetime* touching passage* of narrative, yet nowhere iu the tedious 

 and perplexed mas* do we find any reason for saying more of Greene's 

 pros* compositions than that they are indifferent works written by a 

 man of genius. 



GREENOUGH, HORATIO, American sculptor, waa born in Boston, 

 United State*, September 6th 1805. From his earliest childhood he 

 bowed a great facility in drawing and modelling, and his tastes were 

 carefully cultured ; but it was not till he had completed the ordinary 

 collegiate training that he began seriously to contemplate the adoption 

 of sculpture a* a profession. Sculpture had then few practitioners in 

 America, and none of any mark ; Grecnough therefore proceeded to 

 Borne in order to study the art. Rome continued to be his residence 

 for some yean, and he derived much professional advantage from the 

 friendly service* of Thorwaldscn. Hi* health however gave way, but 

 it was *peedily restored by a visit to his native land. There however 

 he did not stay long. On his return to Europe he remained long 

 enough in Paris to execute a clever bust of Lafayette, and then pro- 

 ceeded to Florence, where he fitted up a studio, and where, during a 

 residence of several yean, his principal works were executed. Of these 

 the most important perhaps are his colossal statue of Washington, 

 which now stands in the grounds of the Capitol at Washington ; and 

 the ' Rescue,' or, as it is sometimes termed, the ' Pioneer's Struggle,' 

 now in the Capitol itself : both of these works were commissioned by 

 Congress. The ' Rescue,' a work of considerable originality and power, 

 is intended to typify the struggle between the native and European 

 race*, and consist* of a group of a pioneer rescuing his wife and child 

 from an Indian. Besides these he executed several portrait-statues 

 and monumental groups, numerous busts, and some very pleasing and 

 graceful poetic figures and busts. He returned to America in 1851 to 

 superintend the erection of his group of the ' Rescue,' and eventually 

 determined not again to return to Europe. But he had become 

 inured to an Italian climate, and his constitution proved unable to 

 withstand the variations of au American one. After a severe illness 

 tie died, December 18th 1852. 



Greenough will probably not ultimately rank among the foremost 

 modern sculptors, but he occupies, and will no doubt continue to 

 occupy, a very respectable position; while he will always retain a 

 prominent place in the history of American art as the first of his 

 countrymen who obtained a European reputation as a sculptor. 

 Greenough's attainments were not limited to sculpture : he painted 

 with some skill, and he wrote well both in verse and prose. In 

 private life, while thoroughly unassuming, few men have been more 

 esteemed. 



GREGAN, JOHN EDGAR, architect, claims notice as one of those 

 who have contributed by their works to the architectural improvement 

 of the city of Manchester, where great progress in art has been mani- 

 fested during the last twenty years. Gregan was born in 1818 in 

 Scotland ; it is believed at Dumfries. He received an excellent general 

 education at Edinburgh, and acquired his first professional knowledge 

 of Mr. Walter Newall, architect, at Dumfries. About the year 1836 

 or 1837 he went to Manchester, where he was for some time an 

 MtUtant to Mr. T. W. Atkinson, an architect who may be said to 

 have commenced the improvement which has been referred to. Mr. 

 Atkinson left Manchester iu the year 1840, when Oregon commenced 

 practice on hi* own account, and wholly by merit and exertion raised 

 himself into a prominent position. His works include several churches 

 and schools in tho neighbourhoods of Manchester, liolton, and Preston, 

 and the chapel of the Diocesan Training School at Chester, these being 

 in the medieval styles ; the church of St. John at Miles-Platting, and 

 the Presbyterian churches at Green-Heys and Ancoate, schools to the 

 latter, and the Jews' School at Cheetham Hill all in the style of 

 Northern Italy; several private houses at Manchester and neighbour-log 

 town*; warehouses (tho class of buildings through which the chief 

 architectural character of Manchester is expressed) ; the lodges to the 

 public park* of the fame city, and other buildings. His best work 

 however, and it U of great merit, is the bank of Sir Benjamin Hey wood, 

 Bart, and Co., of which an illustrated account may be found in the 



* 1 '. n ilil ..* * /*rftl *!> \ Lk.A.. !_ : .. A _: . -i . / _ .ft* 



I'.uild.-r ' (vol. vii.), where also is a view, or an elevation, of one of his 

 warehouses (vol. viil). The bank is designed in an adaptation of the 

 Venetian Italian style, with careful attention to beauty of detail. The 

 new Mechanic^ Institution. at Manchester, from his designs, has been 

 in wiily carried out under Mr. Coraon's superintendence, since the death 

 of the original designer. Gregan died suddenly, after a short illness 



brought on by over-exertion, on the 29th of April 1355. He was a 

 Fellow of the Institute of British Architect*, Honorary Secretary to 

 the Manchester Royal Institution, and took great interest in the local 

 School of Design, the establishment of the Free Library, and other 

 institution*. Ho possessed a cultivated taste in general art, was ready 

 with pencil and brush, and was a skilful performer on one or two 

 musical instrument*. 



GREGO'RIO, ROSATUO, born in 1753, studied at Palermo, became 

 a priest, and wo* made a canon of the cathedral of that city. He made 

 himself known by his historical and antiquarian learning, which he 

 applied especially to illustrate the history of his native country. In 

 1789 he was appointed Professor of Law iu the University of Palermo. 

 He wo* one of the first to suspect the imposture of the Maltese 

 adventurer Vella, who hod forged a pretended Arabic diplomatic code 

 of the period of the Saracenic dominion in Sicily, and hod succeeded 

 in deceiving some men of learning, among others the Prelate Airoldi, 

 who for a time patronised him. Gregorio having a strong suspicion of 

 the imposture, applied himself to the study of Arabic, in order to be 

 able to sift the whole matter; and the result was that he became 

 convinced, and convinced others, of Vella's fraud, which WAS after- 

 wards clearly exposed by the learned Hager, of Vienna, in a jouruey 

 which he made to Sicily in 1794. An account of this curious contro- 

 versy is found in the ' Fundgruben den Orients.' In 1790 Qregorio 

 published a collection of Arabic historical works and documents con- 

 cerning the history of Sicily, 'Kerutn Arobicarum qnse ad Historian! 

 Siculam spectant ampla Collectio,' 1 vol. folio, which he dedicated to 

 King Ferdinand. It contains, 1, Novairi's ' History of Sicily;' 2, an 

 anonymous ' Chronicle of Sicily,' from a manuscript in the Library of 

 the University of Cambridge ; 3, Sheaboddin's ' History of Sicily ;' 4, 

 ' Extracts from Abulfeda's Annals which relate to the History of 

 Sicily ;' 5, Al Khattib's ' Chronological Series of the Dynasties of the 

 Aglabides and Fatimites who ruled over Sicily;' 6, 'Historical 

 Parallels of the Hulers of Sicily during the Saracenic Period;' 7, 'A 

 Description of Sicily from Edrisi'a Geography;' 8, 'Illustrations of 

 several Inscriptions in the Cufic Character found in Sicily ;' 9, ' A 

 Dissertation on the Calendar used in Sicily under the Arabs ;' 10, ' A 

 Sketch of the Geography of Sicily during the same period;' 11, 

 ' Biographical Notices of Arabian Writers, natives of Sicily.' Tho 

 Arabic text of the original historical works and documents is given 

 with a Latin version, to which are appended copious notes by Gregorio. 

 Some of the historical works hod been previously published by Caruso 

 in his ' Bibliotheca Historica Regni Sicilian,' but in a very imperfect 

 and incorrect state, owing to Caruso's want of knowledge of Arabic. 

 Having thus illustrated the Saracenic period, Gregorio undertook to 

 illustrate also that of the Aragonese dynasty in Sicily, thus affording 

 a continuation to Caruso's work above quoted, which extended through 

 the Norman and Suabitm periods, ' Bibliotheca Scriptorum qui lies in 

 Sicilia gestas sub Aragonum Imperio retulere. Earn uti Accessionem 

 ad Historicam Bibliothecam Corusii instruxit, adoruavit, atque edidit 

 Itosarius Gregorio, S. PonormitanEe Eccleaae Cononicus et Regius Juris 

 publici Siculi Professor,' 2 vols. folio, 1791-92. This collection con- 

 tains the ' Historia Sicula ' of B. de Neocastro ; an anonymous account 

 of tho famous conspiracy of Procido, written in the vernacular Sicilian 

 dialect; a narration, likewise in the Sicilian dialect, of the arrival at 

 Catania of King Jayine of Aragon ; the ' Historia Sicula ab a. 1282 ad 

 1337 ' of Speciale, and its continuation to the year 1861 by Michael 

 Platiensis, an anonymous history of Sicily from 1337 to 1412, written 

 in Sicilian ; the chronicle of Simone di Lentini, and other chronicles ; 

 besides an ample collection of diplomatic documents of the Ai-agonese 

 period, illustrating the laws and customs of that age. In 1 794 Gregorio 

 published his ' Introduzione allo Studio del Dritto Pubblico Siciliauo,' 

 in which he examines the sources of the law of Sicily, the various 

 constitutions of the Normans, Suabians, and Aragonese, tho ' consue- 

 tudiues ' of Sicily, and the proper method for studying and expounding 

 the same. In 1806 he published the first volume of his ' Considcra- 

 zioni sulla Storia di Sicilia dai Tempi Normanni sino ai present!,' a 

 work which was afterwards extended to six volumes, the last two 

 being published after the author's death, and which supplies au excel- 

 lent commentary on the history of Sicily. He also wrote ' Discorsi 

 intorno alia Storia di Sicilia,' which have been likewise published after 

 his death, and in which he discards the fabulous stories of those who 

 claimed for Sicily a remote civilisation and literature of Phoenician or 

 Asiatic origin, anterior to Greek colonisation. Gregorio assumed to 

 prove that the earliest colonies in Sicily caine from tho west, and not 

 from tho east from Iberia, Liguria, and Latium, and not from Syria. 



Gregorio filled several offices under the government. He was made 

 revisore or book-censor, judge of the ecclesiastical court, and Hegio 

 Economo Ecclesiastioo, or auditor of church property ; but his emolu- 

 ments continued to be scanty until a short time before his death, when 

 he was presented to the abbacy of .Santa Maria di Koccadia. lie died 

 in 1809. He is one of tho writers who have done most for elucidating 

 the history of Sicily : he was one of those single-minded studious men 



who are to be met here and there amidst the vortex of Neapolitan 

 and Sicilian dissipation and sensuality, and who live as it were in a 

 world of their own, retaining a kind of primitive simplicity which 

 contrasts strangely with everything around them. 



(Scina, Protpetlo delta Storia Itlteraria di Siciiia nd Sccolo XVIII., 

 Palermo, 1824-27.) 



