til 



ORONOVIUS, JAVISa 



. 



JAMCS OmoOTHn. Met too of the preceding, born at neventer 

 la 145, howrd from early youth a irreat aptitude for philological 

 tedtea. H publUhed numerous editions of the Greek and Human 

 daesioa. m"l>g other* of Herodotus, Poljbiua, Macrobius, Aulus 

 Odlfan, Tadlu*, *. ; but the work by which be U best known is the 

 rus AnliquiUlum Gnecarum.' IS ToU foL, Leyden, 1697, 

 wHh engravings of mythic*! r.d historical pertonages, of 

 nt< utd other remarkable object* illiutrmtive of the art*, 

 Ml i ii h i. and history of ancimt Greece, copied from ancient sepultures 

 and medals, and dUpoeed in order of time. Be alto published 

 'Oeomphl Antiqni,' 9 TO!. 4to, Leyden, 1694. Oronovius, after 

 travelling thronih Tarioui countries of Europe, wai appointed by the 

 Ormnd-Duke of Tuscany profetsor of beuee-lettres in the Univrnlty of 

 Pis*. After two yean be returned to Holland, in 1679, and filled the 

 same ehair, a* profeMor in the University of Leyden, which his father 

 had occupied before him. He died at Leyden in 1716. Gronovius, 

 unlike hi* father, was fond of polemic*, in which be was lavish of bard 

 word, and abuse. IFxBMTTL] Nioeron, in his 'Momoires,' ha given 

 a U*t of all hi. wort*. 



ABRAHAM GROSOVICS, eldest ton of James, a physician of some 

 ntation. wrote also aereral works on subjects of classical erudition, 



as ' Varia Geographies,' 8vo, Leyden, 1739, being a collection of 



dissertations and notes in illustration of ancient geography ; he also 

 published a good edition of Justious, 8vo, Leyden, 1760, adding his 

 own notes to those of his grandfather John Frederic Gronovius, of Is. 

 Vossins, Grsovius, Fabri, and others, and subjoining a copious index. 



LAUREXTICS TBIOPHIIXS GROXOVIUS, younger brother to James, 

 published ' Emendations Pandeotarum juxta Florentinum exemplar,' 

 Leyden, 1685, which he dedicated to Magliubeccui, with whom both 

 he and his brother had become intimate while in Italy. He also con- 

 tributed to his brother's ' Thesaurus,' and to the ' Varia Geographica ' 

 of his nephew Abraham. 



OROS, ANTOINE-JEAN, BARON, one of the roost distinguished 

 of the recent French painters, was born at Paris in 1771. He was a 

 pupil of David, and some of his earlier pictures are in the dry manner 

 of that painter. One of his first works of note was ' Bonaparte on the 

 Bridge of Arcola,' in the celebrated battle of that place, exhibited at 

 the Louvre in 1801. In 1804 he exhibited his celebrated large picture 

 of the ' Plague of Jaffa, 1 with Bonaparte visiting the eick, to whom be 

 has giren a most disgusting appearance, though the whole displays 

 great vigour and power : it is now at Versailles : there is a large print 

 of it by Laugier. He painted also several other large pictures, as the 

 ' Battla of Aboukir ;' the ' Battle of the Pyramids ; ' ' Napoleon visiting 

 the Field of Eylau, after the Battle;' the 'Battle of Wagram ;' the 

 ' Capture of Madrid by Napoleon ; ' and other subjects from the history 

 of France during the eventful years of the early part of this century. 

 HU masterpiece, however, is considered to be the ' Cupola of St. 

 Qenevieve,' at Paris, executed in oil, in 1824, and for which he was 

 created Baron; it exhibits the saint as guardian of the throne of 

 France, which is represented by Clovis, Charlemagne, St. Louis, and 

 Louis XVIII. : but though gorgeous and effective, it belongs strictly 

 to the school of ornamental art; the drawing ia correct, and the 

 colouring is florid, but the composition and expression are very 

 ordinary. 



The pictures of Qros generally are conspicuous for vigour and 

 facility of execution, but they are at the same time extremely coarse, 

 sometimes in treatment as well as handling ; they show little or no 

 delicacy of feeling, and they are void of all pictorial refinement of tone 

 and modelling, and are equally void of sentiment Perhaps ' Sappho 

 leaping from the Promontory of Leucate,' on the island of Leucas, may 

 be considered an exception to his prevailing style: there is a good 

 print of it by Laugier. His picture also of the ' Visit of Francis I. and 

 Charles V. to the Abbey of St. Denis ' ia executed in a very superior 

 stele to his battle-pieces and similar large works: it has been 

 admirably engraved by Forster. This and the ' Battle-field of Eylau' 

 an in the Louvre. Groe has painted also some excellent portraits. 



He died at Paris, June 26, 1835. He was professor of painting at 

 the Boole Royale des Beaux Arts; member of the Institute ; officer of 

 the Legion d'Honneur ; and knight of the order of St. Michel. 



GROSE, FRANCIS, an eminent English antiquary, was the son of 

 Francis Orose, a native of SwiUorland, who, settling in England, 

 followed the trade of a jeweller, and was employed as such in fitting 

 up the crown for the coronation of King George II. Francis Grose the 

 younger was born at Oreenford in Middlesex, according to Noble; 

 Chalmers say* in 1781. His taste for heraldry and antiquities induced 

 his father, at an early period, to procure a place for him in the Heralds' 

 College, where be received the appointment of Richmond Herald, a 

 poet which he resigned in 1763, when he became adjutant and 

 paymaster of the Hampshire militia. At a subsequent time he was a 

 captain in the Surrey militia. His father, who died in 179, left him 

 an lofepsodent income, which he had unfortunately neither the 

 disposition to increase nor the prudence to preserve. Whilst paymaster 

 of the Hampshire militia, he used jocosely to say that he had only 

 two books of accounts, his right and left hand pockets. In the one he 

 received, and from the other paid. Designing persons, of course, 

 retarded him as their dupe : and he soon felt the effects of his 

 credulity. His losses however roused bin latent talents. To a good 

 education he united a taste for drawing, which he now began again to 



cultivate, and, encouraged by his friends, he undertook a work from 

 whi.-h he derived both profit and reputation. He began to publish his 

 ' Views of Antiquities in England and Wales,' in 1773, in numbers, 

 and finished them in 1776. In 1777 he resumed his pencil, and added 

 two more volumes to his ' English Views,' in which he included the 

 islands of Guernsey and Jersey. In the summer of 1789 he set out on 

 a tour to Scotland, the result of which he began to communicate to 

 the public in 1790, in numbers : but before he had concluded this 

 work, in the spring of 1791, he went to Ireland, intending to furnish 

 that kingdom with views and descriptions of her antiquities in the 

 same manner in which he had done those of Great Britain : but soon 

 after his arrival in Dublin, at the house of a Mr. Hone, he was 

 suddenly seized at table with an apoplectic fit, on May 12th, and died 

 immediately. 



Captain Grose's other publications were, a 'Treatise on Antient 

 Armour and Weapons,' 4to, 1785, to which he added a Supplement, 

 4to, 1789; a ' Classical Dictionary of the Vulgar Tongue,' 8vo. 1785 ; 

 'Military Antiquities' 2 vols. 4to, 1786-88; the 'History of Dover 

 Castle, by the Rev. William Darell,' 4 to, 1788; 'Rules for Drawing 

 Caricatures,' 8vo, 1788 ; and a ' Guide to Health, Beauty, Honour, and 

 Riches; a collection of numerous advertisements, pointing out means 

 to obtain those blessings,' 12mo. The 'Olio,' a collection of essays, 

 and other small pieces highly characteristic of Mr. Grose, and bearing 

 his name, but certainly not made entirely by him, was published in 

 8vo, 1793. The ' Antiquities of Ireland ' were completed by Mr. 

 Ledwich, and published in 2 vols. 4to. and 8vo, 1794. His antiquarian 

 works display but very insufficient qualifications, either in learning or 

 acumen, for the task of elucidating obscure subjects. Those who 

 knew Captain Grose say that his literary acquirements were far 

 exceeded by his good-humour, his conviviality, and his friendship. In 

 person he was remarkably corpulent. 



GROTE, GEORGE, was bom in 1794, at Clay-Hill, near Becken- 

 liam, in the county of Kent. His grandfather, descended from 

 German ancestors, founded, in partnership with Mr. George Prescott, 

 the London banking establishment of Prescott, Grate, and Co. Mr. Grote 

 was educated at the Charter House School, London, and in 1809 com- 

 menced his course of instruction as a banker by being employed as a 

 clerk in his father's house of business. All his leisure time however, 

 not only in the evening, but in the hours of early morning, was 

 assiduously devoted to literature and to the study of economic 

 science with Mr. Mill, and other gentlemen of the liberal class of 

 politicians, with whom he had formed an acquaintance. In 1S21 he 

 published anonymously a pamphlet on parliamentary reform, in reply 

 to an article by Sir James Mackintosh in the ' Edinburgh Review : ' 

 and he afterwards wrote a small work on the ' Essentials of Parlia- 

 mentary Reform." He has also written some articles in the ' West- 

 minster Review.' He began to collect materials for his great work, 

 the ' History of Greece,' in 1823, but the political excitement of the 

 years 1830 and 1831 drew him into public life ; and for nine or ten 

 years his literary labours were greatly interrupted. In 1332 he was 

 elected a member of parliament for the city of London, and was 

 re-elected till 1841, when ho resigned his seat in order to devote his 

 time to the completion of his historical work. 



On the 25th of April 1833, Mr. Grote mode a motion in the House 

 of Commons, "that it is expedient that in future elections of 

 members to serve in parliament, the votes be taken in the way of 

 ballot." The motion was negatived by 211 to 106. He took the 

 lead in support of the principle of the ballot, and defended it by 

 very powerful reasoning on a motion which he made in the House 

 of Commons every session as long as he continued to be a member. 

 His motion made on the 18th of June 1839 was negatived by 333 to 

 216. Mr. Grote's political principles were very decidedly liberal, nnd 

 when he spoke, which he did occasionally at considerable length, he 

 was always listened to with the greatest attention. 



Mr. Grote's ' History of Greece ' commences with the earliest 

 period of heroic legends. Vols. I. and II. were published early in 

 1846. Vol. XII. (with portrait, maps, and index), published in 1856, 

 completes the work, and terminates with the death of Alexander the 

 Great, B.C. 323, which, in Mr. Grote's view, is the close of Grecian 

 history properly so termed. For extent of research, critical skill, 

 novelty and independence of thought, comprehensiveness of view, and 

 soundness of judgment, it is one of the most important works in 

 English historical literature. That the work is equally appreciated 

 out of England is shown by its having been translated into German. 



GROTIUS, HUGO, was born at Delft, 10th April 1583, of which 

 town his father, John de Groot, waa burgomaster, and also curator of 

 the then newly established University of Leyden. From his boyhood 

 Grotius manifested an extraordinary ability, and he is said to have 

 written Latin verses when he was only eight years old. At the age of 

 eleven he was sent to the University of Lcyden, where his education 

 was particularly superintended by the theologian Juuius, with whom 

 he lived, and by Joseph Scaliger. He remained three years at Leyden, 

 during which he applied himnelf to the study of divinity, law, and 

 mathematics. In 1597 he maintained two public theses on philo- 

 sophy, and wrote in praise of Henri IV., in Latin, a poem entitled 

 'Triumphus Gallicus,' which he dedicated to M. de Buzenval, the French 

 ambassador in Holland. In 1698 he accompanied a Dutch embassy 

 to Paris, where he was introduced to the king, who gave him a 



