HALS, FRANCI?. 



HAMILTON, SIR WILLIAM. 



i/a 



the llh and 17th Ontario/ and ' Dictionary of Arvhaic and Prc- 

 vinoial Word*' (3 rob. 8ro, 1846). Mr. Halliwell U at present 

 IMH.nl upon in Icbormto edition of the works of Shnkspere, now in 

 the eoara* of publication, in 10 voU. folio, by privaU iuUcription. 

 He w married to a daughter of Sir Thomas Phillips, Bart, of Middle 

 hi. Worr*tenhire, 



1IAI-S, FRANCIS, an eminent portrait-painUr, born at Mecblin, 

 1584. died in 1 660. No artist of that time was superior to him except 

 Vai.dyck, and very few could be compared with. him. With the fint 

 merit of a portrait, tht of strong resemblance, his pictures were 

 executed with remarkable freedom and boldnees : his colouring was 

 extremely good, and the effect very strikiug. 



HA 11 EL, JEAN BAPTISTE DU, was born in 1624, and died 

 August 6, 1704. In 1632 he published a very per<| icuoun treatise on 

 the ' Spbanics ' of Theodoeiui, which waa followed by several other 

 work* on natural philosophy and astronomy. Upon the foundation 

 of the Royal Academy of Sciences by Louis XIV. in 1666, Du Hamel 

 w*j appointed secretary, which office he continued to hold till 1697, 

 when he waa succeeded by Kontenelle. Hi* philosophical and astro- 

 nomical works were collected and published at Nurnberg, 1681, in 

 4 TO!*. 4 to, and in 1698 appeared hi* history of the Royal Academy 

 and it* transactions, from it* foundation to the year 1700. This latter 

 work, entitled ' R<-gi*> 8cientiarum Academin Historia,' is the only 

 one which poaaesee* any value at the present day. 



HAMILCAR, BARCAS, the leader of the popular party at Carthage, 

 was appointed in the 18th year of the first 1'uuic war (B.C. 247) to the 

 command of the Carthaginian forces. We possess no particulars 

 respecting his early life or the time of hi* birth ; but we learn from 

 Nepo* (' HamU.,' c. 1) that he was very young when he obtained the 

 command. He ranged with his fleet the coasts of the Bruttii nnd 

 the Epizephjrian Loctians, and afterwards seized upon a strong 

 fortress in Sicily, which was situated between Eryx and Panormus. 

 In this place he continued for some years, with very little support 

 from the Carthaginian government ; and although the Romans were 

 master* of almost the whole of the island, they were unable to dis- 

 lodge him. He frequently ravaged the southern coasts of Italy as far 

 as Cnmic, and defeated the Roman troops in Sicily. On one occasion 

 he took Eryx, which he held till the conclusion of the war. The 

 Romans at length fitted out a fleet to cut off all communication 

 between Uamilcar and Carthage ; the Carthaginian fleet sent to his 

 assistance was defeated by the Roman consul Lutatius Catulus 

 (B.C. 241), and the Carthaginians were obliged to sue for peace. This 

 waa granted by the Romans ; and Hamilcar led his troops from Eryx 

 to Lilytxcum, whence they were conveyed to Africa. But a new 

 danger awaited Carthage. The Carthaginian treasury was exhausted ; 

 and it was proposed to the troops that they should relinquish a port 

 of the pay which was due to them. The soldiers rejected the pro- 

 posal, appointed two of their number, Spendius and Matho, com- 

 mander*, and proceeded to enforce their demands. Being joined by 

 many of the native tribes of Africa, they defeated Hanno, the Cartha- 

 ginian general sent against them, and brought Carthage to the brink 

 of ruin. In these desperate circumstances Hamilcar was appointed to 

 the command, and at length succeeded in subduing them after the 

 war bad Luted three years and four months. 



After the end of this war Hamilcar was sent into Spain (R.C. 238). 

 He remained in Spain nearly nine years, during which time he extended 

 the dominion of Carthage over the southern and eastern parts of that 

 country. He fell in a battle against the natives, B.C. 229. 



The abilities of Hamilcar were of the highest order ; and he directed 

 all the energies of his mind to diminish the power of Rome. Poly bins 

 state* bis belief (b. iii., p. 165-6, Casaubon), that his administration 

 would soon have produced another war with the Romans, if he had 

 not been prevented by the disorders in which his country was involved 

 through the war of the mercenaries. 



Hamilcar was succeeded in his command in Spain by his son-in-law 

 HASDRUBAL, who must not be confounded with Hasdrubol the brother 

 of Hannibal. He carried on the conquests of Hamilcar, and reduced 

 almost the whole of the country south of tho Iberus (Ebro), which 

 river was fixed by a treaty between the Carthaginians and the Romans, 

 B.C. 226, a* the frontier of the Carthaginian dominions. Hasdrubol 

 wss murdered in hi* tent by a Gaul, B.C. 221, after holding the 

 command eight yean. 



(Polybius, b. i. ii. ; Appian; Nepos.) 



HAMILTON, ANTHONY. [GBAMMOKT, COUNT.] 



HAMILTON, DAVID, a Scotch architect, was born in Glasgow, 

 May 11, 1768. Of his professional education and earlier studies little 

 is known. We must therefore content ourselves with enumerating 

 some of bis principal works, which alone will show that be was exten- 

 sively employed. At Glasgow, besides the Exchange, he erected the 

 Theatre (1804), the Western Club Home, the Glasgow, the British, 

 and some other banks ; and in the West of Scotland several private 

 mansions of a very superior clas, namtly, Hamilton Palace, the 

 prinerly seat of the Duke of Hamilton ; Toward Castle, that of the 

 late Kirkman Finlay, Esq. ; Dunlop House, Ayrshire, for Sir John 

 Dunlop; and Lennox Castle, for John Kincaid, Esq., of Kincaid, 

 which last is considered one of his best work*. Among the structures 

 aboveoamed, the one by which he will be most generally known is 

 the Glasgow Exchange (erected about 1837-40), an insulated edifice 



(200 by 76 feet) standing in the centre of a regular ' emplacement ' or 

 area of 800 by 800 feet That end of the building which faces 

 Queen-street is entirely occupied by an octostyle Corinthian portico, 

 which besides being diprostyle baa two iuncr columns behind the 

 second and the seventh of those in front, consequently although there 

 U exactly the same number of columns (twelve) as in the portico of 

 the Royal Exchange, London, there i* considerable difference of plan 

 as regards tho interior. Still more does the Exchange itself differ 

 from the London one, since instead of being an open oortilo like the 

 latter, it is covered over, and forms a spacious room of about 100 by 

 65 feet, divided into three spaces on its plan by a range of seven 

 columns on each side. 



Hamilton was one of the few architect* at a distance who entered 

 into the competition for the New Houses of Parliament, on which 

 occasion he so distinguished himself that one of the four COOt 

 premiums was awarded to him for his designs. On the completion 

 of tho Exchange he was complimented, iu July 1840, by a public 

 dinner, and the present of a service of plate, and gold box, &c., from 

 the citizens of Glasgow. He was in fact universally res|>ected no lass 

 for his probity and excellence of character than for his abilities. 



He died at Glasgow, December 5, 1843, in his seventy-sixth year, 

 leaving a son in the same profession, Mr. Thomas Hamilton of Edin- 

 burgh, architect of two of the most tasteful structures in that city; 

 the High School, a happy application of Grecian Doric; and the new 

 Physicians' Hall, completed in 1845, which, though a small facade, 

 exhibits freshness of design, and is remarkable for the novel and 

 effective manner in which the two statues are introduced. 



HAMILTON, ELIZABETH, born at Belfast in Ireland, but pro- 

 bably of Scottish parentage, is deservedly remembered as an early 

 advocate of an enlarged and intellectual system of female education, 

 and as one of the leaders of that useful class of novelists who have 

 placed the interest of their fictions, not in rare adventure and glowing 

 description, but in the accurate portraiture of the daily workings of 

 domestic life. We find little to tell of her personal history. It 

 appears that she filled the office of governess to the daughters of a 

 Scottish nobleman, for the eldest of whom her ' Letters on the 

 Formation of the Religious and Moral Principle ' were written. She 

 died July 25, 1816, regretted and beloved. Her warm and sincere 

 piety was untinctured by severity, and her natural cheerfulness and 

 lively talents rendered her delightful in society, and, in old age, a 

 universal favourite with the young. 



The following are her chief works : ' Letters of a Hindoo Rajah,' 

 1796; 'Modern Philosophers,' 1800, a clever, popular, and effective 

 satire, intended to throw discredit on tho sceptical and republican 

 doctrines taught by some disciples of the French Revolntion ; ' Letters 

 on the Elementary Principles of Education,' 1801-2; ' Life of Agrip- 

 pina,' 1804, an attempt to make history interesting, by expanding it 

 into something bearing the resemblance of a novel ; ' Letters on the 

 Formation of the Religious and Moral Principle,' 1806 ; ' Cottagers of 

 Glenburnie,' 1808 ; ' Exercises in Religious Knowledge,' 1809 ; 

 'Popular Essays,' 1813. Of these, the 'Letters on Education,' in 

 which she has very skilfully applied the principles of metaphysics to 

 the subject of education, is the most sterling and important. As a 

 novelist, she will be best recollected by the ' Cottagers of Glenburnic,' 

 " a lively and humorous picture of the slovenly habit*, the indolent 

 temper, the baneful content, which prevail among some of the lower 

 class of people in Scotland." This piece, though only the picture of 

 humble life in a remote and obscure district, can never lose its interest, 

 for the characters ore true to nature, essentially, not locally true ; and 

 tho pathos, the humour, the admirable moral lessons, ore of all time, 

 and independent of the national peculiarities under which they are 

 conveyed. 



HAMILTON, GAVIN, descended from a noblo family of Scotland, 

 spent the greater part of his life at Rome. Though not gifted with 

 eminent genius for invention as an artist, yet a liberal education aud 

 refined taste enabled him to take a respectable place among the most 

 distinguished of his contemporaries. His ability i* shown in several 

 subjects which he painted from the 'Iliad.' It is probable that he 

 would have attained some lasting eminence, had he devoted more time 

 and study to the practice of hu profession. A considerable part of 

 the latter period of his life was however dedicated, advantageously 

 for the cause of the arts, to the discovery of ancient monuments. He 

 opened scavos in many ports of the Roman territory, especially at 

 Tivoli, in Hadrian's villa. In the Museo Clementine, tho statues, busts, 

 and bas-relief* contributed by him form the most important portion, 

 next to the treasures of the Belvedere ; and many great collections in 

 Russia, Germany, and England, are indebted to him for their chief 

 ornaments. The ' Townley Gallery,' published under the superintend- 

 ence of the Society for the Diffusion of Useful Knowledge, contains a 

 list of the marbles procured by him for the collection of Mr. Townley. 

 Neither the date of his birth nor death is certainly known : he died 

 however between 1790 and 1800. However eminent his talents, they 

 were excelled, says Fuseli, by the liberality, benevolence, and humanity 

 of his character. 



HAMILTON, SIR WILLIAM, a well-known diplomatist and lover 

 of art, was born in Scotland in 1730. He began life, he says, " with 

 an ancient name and 10002. ;" but he removed the discrepance between 

 his name and his fortunes by marrying in 1755 a lody of very large 



