HARDOriN, JOHN. 



HARDY, PETER. 



in 



Hi* lonUbip died September 24, 185. and was iuoooded by hi. 

 1 )*t son, Charles Stewart, born in 18SS. who had been private secre- 

 tary to Lin fatbrr while governor-general of India. 



HAItlMU'IN. JOHN, commonly ealle I PBRE HARDOUIN, WM 

 born of obscura parent*, at Quimpr in Brittany, in 1647. He enured 

 the society of the JoiaiU at an early age, and devoted himself to the 

 tody of belles-lettres, the leaned languages, history, philosophy, and 

 divinity. A larsre portion of hi life wa* spent in undertaking to 

 prove, chiefly from medal*, that the greater part of those writings 

 which are considered a* ancient, both classical and of the early 

 Christian ace, were forged by monks of the 13th century. He 

 xcepted only the works of Cicero, Pliny's 'Natural HUtory,' Virgil's 

 ' Qwrgios,' and Horace's ' Satires and Epistles.' These be supposed 

 to be the only genuine works of antiquity remaining, except a few 

 inscriptions and fasti ; and that from these the monks had drawn up 

 and published Terence's Plays, Livy's and Tacitus's liiitoric*, Virgil's 

 jEoeid, Horace's Odes, Ac, (See bis ' Chronologic ex N mnmis Anti- 

 quit restitute : Prolusio, de Nummis Herodiadurn,' 4to, Paris, 1693.) 

 His opinions upon religious subjects were not less wild than those 

 upon profane learning. 



The Society of Jesuits at last interfered, and llardouin, in 1708, 

 published the recantation of his fancies. 



Hi* edition of Pliny's ' Natural History,' prepared for the use of the 

 dauphin, wss published at first in 5 Tola. 4 to, Paris, 1685; republished 

 with treat improvements in 3 Tola, folio, Paris, 1723, with a more 

 copious Index than had up to that period been appended to any classic. 

 In 1715 be edited a new edition of 'The Councils,' printed at the royal 

 press in 12 vols. folio. 



Pone Hardouin died at Paris on the 3rd of September 1729. After 

 his death a volume of his ' Opuscula,' in folio, was published by an 

 anonymous friend. 



HARDWICK, PHILIP, R.A , architect, was born in June 1792, in 

 the parish of St. Marylebone, London. His father, Mr. Thomas Hard- 

 wick, an architect of some note, had been a pupil of Sir William 

 Chambers, and built the church of St. Marylebone, commenced in the 

 year 1813 : he died in January 1829. Philip Hardwick received 

 bis general education at the school of the Rev. Dr. Barrow, in Soho- 

 square, and entered the office of his father at an early age, where be 

 pursued his professional studies with considerable assiduity. In 1816, 

 at the age of twenty-four, he was elected to the office of architect to 

 the hospitals of Bridewell and Bethlehem, succeeding Mr. James 

 Lewis, who in the previous year bud completed the buildings (since 

 altered) in St. George's Field?. This appointment Mf. Hardwick 

 retained during twenty years, when be relinquished it from a pressure 

 of other engagements. In 1818 and 1819 he visited France and Italy. 

 ID 1825. on the formation of the St Katherine's Dock Company, 

 Mr. Hardwick was appointed their architect : he designed and superin- 

 tended the erection of their large warehouses and other buildings 

 (Mr. Telford being the engineer for the Docks) ; and he had also been 

 concerned in the numerous compensation cases which arose in clearing 

 away the houses which thickly covered the site. In 1827 Mr. Hard- 

 wick was elected by the governors of St. Bartholomew's Hospital to 

 succeed his father as architect to that institution an appointment 

 which be has resigned only in the present year (1856) in favour of his 

 son. In 1829, on the decease of Mr. Charles Beazley, he was elected 

 architect to the Goldsmiths' Company, and soon after his appoint- 

 ment was required to make the daiigns for a new hall : these being 

 decided upon, he superintended the erection of the present building, 

 the exterior being completed in 1832, and the building being opened 

 with a banquet on the 15th of July 1835. In the year 1832 be also 

 completed for the same Company, the Grammar School at Stock- 

 port, Lancashire, which is in the Tudor-gotbio style. After this 

 time Mr. Hardwick carried on a large practice. Amongst his works, 

 was the entrance to the Euston Station of the London and Birming- 

 ham Railway, remarkable for the great scale of the Grecian-Doric 

 order, which he has there employed. In 1841 he was applied to by 

 the benchers of Lincoln's Inn to design the New Hall and Library. 

 In this work Mr. Hardwick was greatly assisted by his son, having 

 during the period of its progress been attacked by a severe illness, 

 from which ho has since hardly recovered. With his other appoint- 

 ments, he has held the office of architect to Greenwich Hospital, in 

 which be succeeded the late Mr. Kaye. He was architect to the 

 late Duke of Wellington during many yean to the time of his death, 

 and in his professional capacity followed the hero to his grave. He 

 was elected an Associate of the Royal Academy in November 1839, 

 and in February 1841 became a Royal Academician. He has received 

 the royal gold medal from the Institute of Britiah Architects, of 

 which body he is a fellow, and has held the office of vice-president ; 

 he also received one of the gold medals at the Paris Exhibition of 

 1855, and has be-n a fellow of the Royal Society since the year 1828. 



PHILIP CHARLES HARDWICK, the son of Mr. 1'hilip Hardwick, 

 referred to above, has himself designed and superintended many 

 important buildings during the last few years, both in the Italian and 

 Gothic styles of architecture. He was a pupil of Mr. Edward Itlore, 

 but, having gone to his father in 1841, or 1842, noon after this time 

 he was engaged upon the designs of most of their joint productions. 

 His own principal London work is the Great Western Hotel at 

 Paddingtou ; and the recent additions to the London and North- 



Western Euston Station were designed by him. His last work is a 

 riding-hnuae at Knightbridge. for the Duke of Wellington. 



HAKHWICKK, PHILIP YuRKB. FIRST EARL OF, was the son 

 of an attorney at Dover, where he was born on the 1st of December 

 1690. His father was in very indifferent circumstances, and wholly 

 unable to afford him the education generally bestowed upon young 

 men in his station of life. The great abilities of the son enabled him 

 however to surmount all difficulties. He was a great favourite with 

 Mr. Samuel Morland, a man of considerable learning, who kept a 

 school at Bethnal Green, at which he was placed for a short time. 

 When removed to the office of Mr. Salkeld, an eminent solicitor in 

 London, his diligence and talents won the respect and esteem of that 

 gentleman also. So steady was his perseverance, and so rapid his 

 progress in the knowledge of the law, that Mr. Snlkeld caused him to 

 be entered of the Middle Temple in November 1703, as a preparatory 

 step to his call to the bar. During the time he was keeping his terms 

 he became acquainted with Mr. Parker, one of the sons of Lord 

 Chief-Justice Macclesfield, the consequence of which was au intro- 

 duction to Lord Macclesfield, who highly appreciated Yorke's merits, 

 and employed him as tho companion and tutor of his sons. To tins 

 fortunate acquaintance the rapid and extraordinary success of Mr. 

 Yorke at the bar is mainly attributable. In May 1715 he was called 

 to the bar, when the support of bis old benefactor Salkeld, who was 

 in very extensive practice as a solicitor, together with the favour and 

 patronage of Lord Macclesfield, enabled him at the very outset to 

 acquire an extensive practice : indeed the favouritism of Lord Maccl^s- 

 field, even in court, justly offended and aggrieved many old and eminent 

 practitioners. 



The elevation of Lord Mooclesfield to the woolsack (1719) enabled 

 him further to promote the interests of his favourite, and accordingly, 

 through his interference, in the same year Yorke took his seat in the 

 House of Commons as member for Lewes, the whole expenses of his 

 election being defrayed by the ministry. In the game year he married 

 Mrs. Lygon, a young widow, the daughter of Mr. Cocks, a gentleman 

 of good estate in Worcestershire, and the niece of Lord Somers and 

 Sir Joseph Jekyl, then master of the rolls. 



In March 1720, while upon the circuit, and within five years after 

 his call to the bar, he was, through the influence of his patron the 

 chancellor, appointed solicitor-general. This step was a very hazardous 

 one; for besides the professional jealousy which was perhaps not 

 unjustly excited towards him, he had to contend with the doubts felt 

 by all parties whether so young a man could be possessed of sufficient 

 learning and experience to discharge the duties of a leading counsel. 

 The talents however which he displayed in the conduct of the business 

 in which he was employed soon made it evident that he was fully 

 equal to the duties of hia new station. Shortly after his appointment 

 he was knighted ; and in 1724 he was made attorney-general. It was 

 after this period that his patron, Lord Macclesfield, was impeached for 

 gross corruption in office, and Sir Philip Yorke had great difficulty in 

 procuring himself to be excused from the task of assisting the 

 managers of the Commons in making good their charge. In 1733, 

 having held the office of attorney-general nearly ten years, he was 

 appointed Lord Chief-Justice of the King's Bench, and created Karon 

 Hardwicke. He presided in the King's Bench for three years and a 

 half, during which period he added largely to his former high repu- 

 tation. On the death of Lord Chancellor Talbot (1737) he was raised 

 to the dignity of lord chancellor. It is upon bis judgments as chan- 

 cellor that the reputation of Lord Hardwicke U principally founded ; 

 he held the great seal during nearly twenty years, dispensing justice 

 throughout that period with the most consummate skill at a time 

 when the principles of equity jurisdiction were by no means in a 

 settled state. His integrity was never called in question ; the wisdom 

 of his decrees was the theme of universal eulogy, and it is a remark- 

 able fact that, during the whole time that he presided in the Court of 

 Chancery, three only of his judgments were appealed from, and those 

 were confirmed by the House of Lords. In 1754 he was created Earl 

 of Hardwicke and Viscount Koyston. He continued to hold the great 

 seal until the 19th of November 1756 ; the Duke of Newcastle having 

 resigned the premiership on the llth. After his retirement from 

 public life, Lord Hardwicke divided his time between his seat at 

 Wimpole in Cambridgeshire and his house in Grosvenor-square, enjoy- 

 ing unimpaired his vigorous intellect until nearly the close of his 

 seventy-third year, when he was attacked by a disorder which proved 

 fatal on the 6th of March 1764. The labours of Lord Hardwicke's 

 mind are recorded in his legal judgments. They are preserved, so 

 far as the points decided by them, in the reports of Atkyns and 

 Vesey, sen., and in a volume published from Lord Hardwicke's own 

 notes by Mr. West Some notes of his decisions have also been made 

 public by Mr. Lee. These volumes however do not give any notion of 

 the language in which the judgments were delivered. Few speci- 

 mens of bis style of writing remain. A short treatise, ' A Discourse 

 of the Judicial Authority of the Master of the Rolls,' has been attri- 

 buted to him, and some few letters have been preserved by Dr. liirch. 

 It lias also been said that he was the author of tho paper in the 

 ' Spectator' for the 28th of April 1712, signed Philip Homebred ; but 

 this statement is exceedingly doubtful. 



* HARDY, PETER, one of the most distinguished living actuaries, 

 and a member of the Royal Society, was born in Jamaica and educated 



