293 



HARDYNG, JOHN. 



HARINGTON, SIR JOHN. 



294 



in England. His father was an officer in the Royal Artillery, who died 

 in the year 1814, very shortly after his birth. Mr. Hardy ia one of 

 those to whom we are more especially indebted for the application of 

 the purely mathematical sciences to the practical affairs of life. In 

 connection with other important undertakings, he drew out the tables 

 for various life-assurance companies, and has written several works on 

 the theory of insurance ; but that which has rendered his name more 

 generally known, is the publication of a new system of notation as 

 applied to the contingencies of life-assurance, in which he appears as a 

 rival to Professor De Morgan and Mr. Milne. In the year 1847 he took 

 an active part in the formation, and became vice-president, of the Insti- 

 tute of Actuaries, an association for the purpose of elevating the status of 

 the profession, and of educating the young members in mathematical 

 aud statistical learning essential to the business of life-assurance. 



HARDY.NG, JOHN, one of our old historians, descended of a 

 respectable northern family, was born in 1378, and at the early age of 

 twelve was admitted into the family of Sir Henry Percy, eldest son of 

 the Earl of Northumberland, known by the name of Hotspur, with 

 whom he fought aa a volunteer at the battlea of Homildou and Coke- 

 lawe. After the death of his patron, whom he accompanied in the 

 fight of Shrewsbury, as soon as a pardon had been proclaimed for the 

 adherents of the Percys, Hardyng enlisted under the banner of Sir 

 Robert Umfravile, who was connected with the Percys by affinity, 

 and under whom in 1405 he became constable of the castle of \Vark- 

 worth in Northumberland. How long he remained at \Varkworth is 

 unknown, but his knowledge of Scottish geography seems soon to 

 have engaged him in the secret service of his country. The exact time 

 when Hardyng was first sent to obtain restitution of the deeds of 

 homage, which had been given up by Mortimer in the minority of 

 Edward III., does not appear, but it must have been early iu the reign 

 oi Henry V. He remained in Scotland three years and a half, inde- 

 fatigable in the research, aud obtained some at the hazard of his life. 

 In 1415 we find him, with Sir Robert Umfravile, attendant on the 

 king at Hartleur. His journal of the march which preceded the 

 memorable battle of Agincourt forms one of the most carious passages 

 in his ' Chronicle.' In 1416 he accompanied the Duke of Bedford to 

 tbe tea-fight at the mouth of the Seine. 



An obscure notice in a rubric of the Lansdowne manuscript of 

 Hardyng's ' Chronicle ' intimates that he was at Rome in 1424. Soon 

 after we find him again employed in ascertaining the fealty due from 

 tbe Scottish kings. In one or two passages of his 'Chronicle' he 

 distinctly alludes to an incurable injury received, as he himself 

 expresses it, for England's right ; and in one or two others he states 

 tbe offer of a thousand marks which had been made to him by King 

 James I. of Scotland, on condition of his embezzling some of the 

 earlier instruments he had procured. The letter of protection from 

 King James, making this offer, ia still preserved among the ancient 

 deeds in the Chapter- House at Westminster. In another passage of 

 his ' Chronicle,' as well as in an address to King Henry VI., Hardyng 

 mention* 450 marks as the price for which be obtained some other of 

 the deeds of homage. Notwithstanding these declarations however, 

 several writers have considered our author as a dexterous and notable 

 forger, who manufactured the deeds for which he sought reward. The 

 spurious instruments by which King David II. and King Robert II. 

 were made to acknowledge tho superiority of England appear princi- 

 pally to have occasioned this strong charge of fabrication ; but whether 

 Hardyng in his zeal for his country became the tool of some more 

 powerful person, or was imposed upon in the purchase of the deeds, 

 cannot now be thoroughly ascertained. 



Actively as Hardyug was engaged in life, he seems to have been 

 constantly employed iu gatheriug materials for his ' Chronicle,' the 

 first composition of which he finished toward the latter end of the 

 minority of Henry VI. The Lansdowue manuscript already referred 

 to closes with the life of Sir Robert Umfravile, who died January 27th 

 llliti, under whom Hardyng seems to have lived, in hi) Utter years, 

 as constable of Kyme Castle in Lincolnshire. 



Of the rewards whicu Hardyug appears to have received, tbe first 

 was in the 18th Henry VI., when he had a grant for life of 101. per 

 annum out of the manor or alien preceptory of VVyloughton, in the 

 county of Lincoln. In the 19th Henry VI. a continuation of the grant 

 occur* for seven years, with the further grant after that time of the 

 reversion of the manor fur life. In 1457 ha received a pension of 202. 

 a year for life, charged in the patent-roll upon the revenues of the 

 county ut Lincoln. 



The evening of Hardyng's days waa passed in the entire recom- 

 position of his work for Richard, duke of York, father to King 

 Edward IV., who fell in the battle of Wakefield, December 31st 1460. 

 It was afterwards presented to Kiug Edward IV. himself. The history 

 conies no lower than the flight ot Henry VI. to Scotland; but, from 

 * passage in which the queen id mentioned, it is evident that he could 

 nut have finished hit work before 1465. How long he survived its 

 completion u unknown, tut he must then have been at least eighty- 

 seven years of age. 



' The Chronicle of Jhon Hardyng, in Metre, from the first begvmiyng 



,'lande vuto the reigue of Edwarde the Fourth,' was printed by 



.1 in 1643; to which Grafton added a continuation to the 34th 



Henry VIII., a small thick quarto ; and it ia not a little singular that 



there should be two editions of this work, both printed in the same 



month of the same year, January lf>43, differing in almost every page, 

 and one, in Grafton's own. portion, containing twenty-nine pages more 

 than the other. A collation of both, together with that of a valuable 

 manuscript of Hardyug, was published by the booksellers of London 

 in 1812, under the care of Sir Henry Ellis. 



The present printed text of Hardyng's ' Chronicle ' is from the 

 recomposition presented to Edward IV. The ' Chronicle,' as written 

 for Henry VI., the only manuscript known of which is preserved in 

 the Lansdowne Collection in the British Museum, has never been 

 printed. It differs in every page from the printed copy. Hearne had 

 intended its publication. Several manuscripts of the later text of 

 Hardyng's ' Chronicle ' are extant : one in the Harleian Collection, 

 No. 661; one in Selden's; another in the Doucean Collection in the 

 Bodleian ; and one in the Ashmolean Library at Oxford. A sixth manu- 

 script was formerly preserved in the library of Basil, earl of Denbigh. 



HARE, JULIUS CHARLES, a distinguished English divine and 

 controversialist was born in 1796, and waa one of the sons of the 

 Rev. Robert Hare, rector of Hursttnoneeaux and vicar of Ninfield in 

 Sussex, who was the sou of Dr. Francis Hare, bishop of Chichester. 

 He was educated at Trinity College, Cambridge ; was a fellow of the 

 College; and graduated B.A. 1816, aud M.A. 1819. In 1832 he 

 was instituted to the rectory of Hurstmonceaux (a living belonging to 

 bis family); in 1840 he was appointed Archdeacon of Lewes; in 1851 

 he became one of the prebendaries of Chichester; and in 1853 he 

 was nominated one of her Majesty's chaplains. He died at Hurst- 

 monceaux on the 23rd of Jauuary 1855. Such are the principal 

 external facts in the lite of a man whose personal influence iu his day 

 was very great, and who has besides left some contributions to our 

 literature. His first literary appearance of any note was in 1827 when, 

 in conjunction with a younger brother (the Rev. Augustus William 

 Hare, M.A. of New College, Oxford, and rector of Alton Barnes, Wilt- 

 shire, who died in 183i), he published a volume of miscellaneous 

 thoughts and observations entitled ' Guesses at Truth, by Two 

 Brothers.' (Subsequent and enlarged editions of this work have 

 been published; and also a 'Second Series' under the same title). 

 In 1828, in conjunction with the Rev. C. Thirlwall, afterwards bishop 

 of St. David's, Jlr. Hare appeared as translator of ' Niebuhr's History 

 of Rome,' from the German. Of his subsequent publications, the 

 following are the more important: ' The Children of Light: a 

 Sermon,' 1828 ; ' A Vindication of Niebuhr's History of Rome from 

 the charges of the Quarterly Review,' 1829 ; ' Sermons preached before 

 the University of Cambridge,' 1839 ; ' The Victory of Faith, and 

 other Sermons,' 1840 ; ' The Better Prospects of the Church : a Charge 

 to the Clergy of the Archdeaconry of Lewes,' 1840; 'The Unity of 

 tbe Church: a Sermon,' 1845; 'The Mission of the Comforter, and 

 other Sermons,' 2 vols., 1S4U ; ' The Means of Unity : a Charge,' 1847 ; 

 ' A Letter to the Dean of Chichester on the Agitation excited by the 

 appointment of Dr. Hampden to the See of Hereford,' 1848; -The 

 Duty of the Church in Times of Trial ; a Charge,' 1848 ; ' The True 

 Remedy for the Evils of the Age : a Charge,' 1849; ' Education the 

 necessity of Mankind : a Sermon,' 1851 ; ' The Contest with Rome : a 

 Charge,' 1852 ; ' Vindication of Luther against his recent English 

 assailants (H. Hallam, Esq., J. H. Newman, W. G. Ward, aud Sir 

 William Hamilton),' 1854. From this list it will be seen that Arch- 

 deacon Hare's chief activity was in theological literature and ecclesias- 

 tical controversy. In the church he was regarded, along with his friend 

 Mr. Maurice, as being at the head of what has been called " the broad 

 party," aa distinct from either the " high " or the " low." The liberality 

 ot bis opinions in philosophy and his tolerance of religions differences, 

 may be inferred from the fact of his having been the intimate friend 

 of the late John sterling, whose remains he edited, with a long and 

 affectionate memoir in 1848. It was Mr. Carlyle's dissatisfaction with 

 his memoir, as an account of his friend, tuat led him to write his 

 ' Life of Sterling.' Mr. Hare's memory is held in high veueratiou, not 

 only by those who regarded him as an ecclesiastical leader, but also 

 by many who had learnt to respect him as an earnest thinker on 

 social and philosophic subjects. 



HARINGTON, SIR JOHN, was born at Kelston near Bath, in the 

 year 1561. His mother was a natural daughter of Henry VIII., and 

 bis father held an omce in the court of that monarch. This pair 

 having on one occasion shown great fidelity to the princess (afterwards 

 queen) Elizabeth, she manifested her gratitude by standing godmother 

 to their son John. She was afterwards wont to speak of him as " that 

 witty fellow, my godson," or " that merry poet, my godson," or in 

 somo Kucli way. 



Having been educated at Eton and at Christ's College, Cambridge, 

 and having afterwards for a short time made a pretence of studying 

 law, he, by means of his wit and many accomplishments, gained the 

 notice of Queen Elizabeth, and became a member of her court. He 

 had exercised his wit, on one occasion, in translating a tale out of 

 Ariosto s ' Orlando Furioso,' (the story of Giacondo, in the twenty- 

 eighth book), and he circulated this among the ladies of the court, 

 who were greatly pleased with it. When the queen saw it, we are 

 told that she affected great indignation at the indelicacy of some pas- 

 sages, aud, by way of punishment, forbad Hariugtou the court until 

 he had translated the whole poem. This he accomplished in 1591, 

 and dedicated it to the queen. 



When the Earl of Essex was appointed Lord Lieutenant of Ireland 



