305 



HARRISON, WILLIAM HENRY. 



HARTLKY, DAVID. 



308 



years, he made designs for improving and embellishing the Piazza del 

 Popolo, which obtained for him both a gold and silver medal from 

 Pope Ganganelli ; and he was also complimented by being elected a 

 member of the Academy of St. Luke. On his return, one of his first 

 works was a bridge of five arches over the Lune, at Lancaster, at 

 which place he was subsequently employed upon various alterations 

 and improvements in the castle. At Chester, he erected the pile 

 known as the castle, which includes a jail, shirehall, and military 

 barracks. The Chester county courts was considered at the time a 

 very fine and correct specimen of the Grecian Doric style, and the 

 portico certainly does produce more effect than ordinary in regard to 

 columniation, for though only hexastyle, it has twelve columns, there 

 being a second row of six columns behind those in front. The bridge 

 which he erected across the Dee near Chester castle, consisted of a 

 single arch of 200 feet span, being the largest stone arch which had 

 been constructed. It is a very handsome structure. Mr. Harrison 

 executed several works at both Liverpool and Manchester ; in the 

 former place the Athenaeum, and the tower of St. Nicholas' church ; 

 in the latter, the Exchange buildings (since greatly enlarged and 

 altered), the theatre (bunit down in 1843, and now succeeded by the 

 new structure by Messrs. Irwin and Chester, opened September 29, 

 1845); and the library and reading-room called the Portico. The 

 Hill column at Shrewsbury, the triumphal arch at Holvhead, and the 

 jubilee tower erected on Moel Famma hi commemoration of the fiftieth 

 year of the reign of George III., are all by Harrison. He also built 

 for the Earl of Elgin his new mansion of Broome Hall, in Scotland, 

 in the Grecian Doric style, which seems to have been equally tile 

 favourite one of his noble employer and himself. Harrison died at 

 Cheater, March 29, 1829. 



HARRISON, WILLIAM HENRY, President of the United States, 

 ws born in Virginia, 9th February 1773. His father was Benjamin 

 Harrison, who was a member of the first Congress which met at 

 Philadelphia in 1774, was one of those who signed the Declaration of 

 Independence, and was afterwards governor of Virginia, his native 

 state. He died in 1791. William Henry was educated at Hampden 

 Sydney College, in Virginia, for the medical profession ; but soon after 

 the death of big father he joined a force which wag raised to defend 

 the Ohio territory against the Indians ; and the next six years of his 

 life were spent in military service. Ho was present, in the capacity 

 of lieutenant of artillery, and distinguished himself at what is called 

 the battle of the Miami, in which a signal victory was obtained over 

 the Indians. After this he was placed in command of Fort Washington, 

 one of the most important defences of the western frontier. In 1797, 

 this war having been brought to an end, he resigued his commis.-iou, 

 and wag appointed secretary and ex officio lieutenant-governor of the 

 north-western territory, then comprehending all the country to the 

 north- west of the river Ohio. In 1799, when the north- western, terri- 

 tory was admitted to what ig called the second grade of territorial 

 government*, entitling it to a legislative body composed of representa- 

 tives chosen by the people, he was elected a member of the territorial 

 congress. In 1801, when Indiana wag erected into a territorial govern- 

 ment, Harrison wag appointed governor, and this situation he held 

 till 1813. He distinguished himself both in the war with the Indians 

 under Tecumgeh in 1811, and in that with the English in 1812 and 

 1813. In both theso wars he held the rank of a general. In 1816 

 he was returned to the House of Representatives as one of the 

 members for Ohio. In 1824 he wag elected to the Senate of the 

 United States. In 1828 he was sent as minister from the United 

 States to Columbia, but was recalled on account of a difference of 

 opinion with General Jackson. By all these military and civil services 

 General Harrison had acquired great popularity ; and in 1810 he was 

 elected president ; but he died, at the official residence in Washington, 

 on the 4th of April 1841, just one month after hig installation in his 

 new dignity, being the first president who had died in office. Harrison 

 wag a valuable public servant and an able man ; but like all the recent 

 American presidents he was not chosen from among the intellectually 

 great men of America; and he wag far inferior in mental charac- 

 teristics to bis predecessors in the presidential office Washington, 

 Adams, Jefferson, and Madison. In hU ' Essay on the Aborigines of 

 the Ohio valley,' which was published in the ' Transactions of the 

 Historical and Philosophical Society of Ohio,' voL i., 1839, he has 

 made gome interesting remarks on ancient Indian mounds and on the 

 original state of the forests of America. 



HARKY, BLIND, as he wag commonly called, or Henry the 

 Minstrel, lived towards the close of the 15th century. Major, the 

 Scottish historian, remembered him to have been alive iu hig own 

 bojhood, and he was born about the year 1470, according to Warton. 

 The work for which lilind Harry ig celebrated is a poem ou the adven- 

 tures of Wallace. It is in eleven books, in the heroic metre. Readers 

 of Walter Scott will remember a note to one of his poems where he 

 relates from Blind Harry the account of Wallace's meeting with 

 Fawdoun in the ' Gaiik Hall.' There are many other very spirited 

 descriptions iu the poeui, particularly those of fighting and war. 

 Bliu'l Harry is chiefly remarkable a* aBbrding in a small way a 

 modern and true parallel to the account, true or false, which we have 

 of Homer. (Warton, voL L; Jameson, The Jiruce and Wallace, 

 preface passim.) 



* HART, SOLOMON ALEXANDER, R.A., profeMor of painting 

 moo. DIT. VOL. Hi. 



in the Royal Academy, was born at Plymouth, Devonshire, in 1806. 

 At the age of fourteen he came to London in order to be placed &s a 

 pupil with Mr. Warren the line engraver, but some two or three years 

 later he entered the schools of the Royal Academy with a view to 

 adopting painting as his profession. For awhile he practised as a 

 miniature painter, but he definitely abandoned that for painting in oil 

 on the favourable reception of his first picture exhibited at the British 

 Institution in 1828. The work which first attracted public attention 

 however, partly no doubt from the uncommonness of the subject, 

 though it was a most promising production, was a representation of a 

 circumstance in the Jewish worship 'The Elevation of the Law,' 

 exhibited at the gallery of the Society of British Artists in 1830 : it 

 was purchased by Mr. Vernon, and is now in the Vernon Collection. 

 Mr. Hart now turned to British history and romance, showing, without 

 any striking triumph, steady increase, each year, of technical skill, 

 and artistic intelligence. In 1835 he was elected an associate, in 1840 

 a member of the Royal Academy. Since then Mr. Hart has been one 

 of the most regular contributors to the academy exhibitions, and 

 every year nearly he has sent several pictures. His works have been 

 characterised by careful painting, conscientious study, a rich, yet 

 grave, and occasionally almost sombre tone of colour, great technical 

 knowledge, and manipulative skill, correct costume, and appropriate 

 expression. Few contemporary artists have embraced so wide a range 

 of subjects. We mentioned that he first attracted attention by 

 depicting Jewish ceremonial observances : after for some time painting 

 historical and poetic themes he returned with increased power to this 

 class of subjects, among which are some of his most successful works 

 such as the 'Simchath Torah, or Festival of the Law,' in 1845 and 

 1850, two gorgeous pourtrayals of the interior of Jewish synagogues, 

 at the most imposing of their rites; another entitled a 'Scene in a 

 Polish Synagogue," &c. He has also painted several Italian and other 

 cathedral interiors during the celebration of Romish ceremonies. 

 Another class of pictures is taken from, or suggested by the Old 

 Testament, as in his ' Hannah the Mother of Samuel and Eli the High 

 Priest,' 'Solomon pondering the Flight of Time' (1S53); 'Righteous- 

 ness and Peace,' &c. Again he has sought to indicate a moral lesson 

 by pictorial satire, as in his pair of Oxford Men (1852) ' The Student 

 preparing for Honours,' and ' The Student preparing to be Plucked." 

 Then there has been an interesting biographical series, including such 

 subjects as ' Galileo observing the Oscillations of the Lamp in the 

 Cathedral at Pisa;' 'Milton visiting Galileo in the prison of the Inqui- 

 sition ;' ' The Parting of Sir Thomas More and his Daughter ;' ' The 

 three Inventors of Printing, Gutenburg, Fust, and Schoffer, studying 

 the invention of Moveable Types.' Again there have been more 

 strictly historical subjects, such as 'The Captivity of Eccelino, tyrant 

 of Padua;' Shaksperian ones like 'Othello and lago,' 'Jessica,' &o. ; 

 and more homely ones, such as ' Hop Picking.' It will be seen 

 even by this very incomplete enumeration, that not only is Mr. Hart's 

 range of subjects unusually wide, but that the choice is far removed 

 from the ordinary routine. It ought perhaps to be added that he 

 hag painted several large show portraits for public buildings, such as 

 the Duke of Sussex and Sir Anthony Rothschild for the Jews' 

 Hospital ; Sir Moses Montefiore for another Jewish institution ; and 

 Alderman Salomons (Lord Mayor) for the Guildhall. 



In 1854 Mr. Hart was elected to succeed Mr. Leslie, as professor of 

 painting at the Royal Academy; and his lectures, reported iu the 

 ' Athenaeum," show that he not only possesses adequate professional 

 learning for the office, but that by his earnest inculcation of intel- 

 lectual exertion, of the necessity of a wide range of study, constant 

 reference to the fundamental principles of art, observation of the 

 predominant sentiment and essential characteristics of a composition, 

 and of reflection, discrimination, and self-reliance in choice of subjects, 

 he ig a valuable guide-monitor to the enthusiastic student at the 

 commencement of his career. 



HARTE, WALTER, was educated at Maryborough School and 

 Oxford. The dates of his birth and academic life are uncertain ; 

 he seems to have been born about 1700, and to have graduated as 

 M.A. of St. Mary's Hall on the 21st of January 1730, according to 

 the ' Catalogue of Oxford Graduates.' At an early age he became 

 acquainted with Pope, whoso style ho imitated ; and in return the 

 great poet corrected hig admirer's verses. With this advantage, Harto 

 published 'Poems on Several Occasions," 1727; 'Essay on Satire,' 

 1730 ; ' Esgay on Reason,' 1735, to which Pope is said to have con- 

 tributed very considerably ; ' Essay on Painting," date unmeutioned ; 

 'The Amaranth,' 1767, his last work. As a poet however he is not 

 distinguished from other once successful but now forgotten imitators ; 

 but he has made a valuable addition to our literature in his ' History 

 of the Life of Gustavus Adolphus," 2 vols. 4to, 1759 ; republished iu 

 8vo, corrected and improved, iu 17C3. An affected, harah, and 

 pedantic style has done much to throw discredit and neglect on this 

 laborious and able work. It was translated into German, with preface, 

 notes, and corrections, by J. Gottl. Bourne. Harta left unfinished, in 

 manuscript, a ' History of the Thirty Years' War.' The account of 

 his life is soon told. He took orders, acquired reputation aa a preacher, 

 wai appointed principal of St. Mary Hall, and through the interest 

 of Lord Chesterfield, whose sou's tutor he had been, canon of Windsor. 

 He died at Bath in 1774. 



HARTLEY, DAVID, was bora oil the 30th of August 170C, and 



