Ill 



HARVEY, WILLIAM. 



HA8SK, ADOLPH. 



Tln goes to tli v*n CAT*, the other two to the Ten* port*, juit before 

 it *nU>n the liver. The arteries are bnnohan of the common iliac-. 

 On thi t-oint, though bb observation* are correct u far as they go, 

 hi* knowledge Ml ihort of that of later inquirer* ; for he does not 

 appear to have had any Tery accurate acquaintance with the uses of 

 th aUantofa. He was aware that the vitellu* U drawn into the 

 inteHine of the chick hortly before hatching, and rervre for its early 

 Batrtment ; and in this ivUtion he well compared it to the milk. This 

 bet wa* known to Ariitotle. He corrected the error of Fahriciu*, who 

 appowd that the egg U chipped by the hen, and showed on the 

 contrary that this prooeea U performed by the chick itself. 



Hit observations on the process of generation in Mammalia were 

 confined chiefly to the deer species, of which he was enabled to obtain 

 numerous specimens by the liberality of Charles I., who allowed him 

 to take them from the royal parks. He supposed conception to take 

 place either in the uterus or iU horn. This view, as is now well known, 

 U incorrect. His description of the Teasels and of the placenta is of 

 considerable value. 



Harrey noticed the late union of the lateral part* of the upper lip, 

 and aligned it as a cause of the frequency of hare-lip. Ho claims to 

 have been the first to discover the connection between the bronchi and 

 the abdominal cells in birds, and to nhow that in all birds, serpent?, 

 oviparous reptile*, quadrupeds, and fishes, kidni-ys and ureters exist 

 a fact unnoticed by Afi*totU and all succeeding writers. This account 

 is, we apprehend, sufficient to show the extent and importance of the 

 dicov.-rie< of Harvey in this branch of physiology, and to make us 

 withhold our assent to the assertion of Kprengel (sect. 12, ch. 6), that 

 the treatise 'De Qeneratione' is unworthy of the discoverer of the 

 circulation. 



In 1623 Harrey was appointed physician extraordinary to James I., 

 with a jiromi e of succeeding on the first vacancy to the physicianship 

 in ordinary, the duties of which he actually performed. He was after- 

 wards physician to Charles I., and was in the habit of exhibiting to 

 him and to the most enlightened persons of his court the motion of 

 the heart and 'the other phenomena upon which his doctrines were 

 founded. During the civil war he travelled with the king, and while 

 staving for a short time in Oxford was made by him master of Merton 

 College, and received the degree of Doctor of Medicine. He held the 

 mastership however for only a few months, when Brent, who had been 

 expelled by the king for favouring the parliamentary cause, was 

 replaced by that party, which had now gained the ascendency. Soon 

 after his house WHS plundered and burned by the same party, and 

 unfortunately several unpublished works, of which we have only notices 

 in hi* other writings, were destroyed. The latter years of his life were 

 chiefly spent at his country-house at Lambeth, or at his brother's near 

 Richmond. In 1654 he was elected President of the College of 

 Physicians, but in consequence of his age and infirmities he was induced 

 to decline that honourable office. He testified his regard however for 

 the rociety by presenting them with his library, and conveying over 

 to them, during his lifetime, a farm which had been left him by his 

 father. He died on the 3rd of June 1657 in the eightieth year of his 

 age, and was buried at Hempstead in Essex, where a monument was 

 erected to his memory. 



The best edition of Harvey's works, which were written in correct 

 and elegant Latin, is that published by the College of Physicians in 

 1 vc>L 4 to in 1766, with an engraving by Hall from the portrait by 

 Cornelius Jt risen, in the college library. They consist of the ' Exer- 

 citatio de JJ li (Jordi et Sanguinis ;' ' Exercitationes duic Anatomical 

 de Circulations Sanguinis, ad J. liiolanum, Fit ;' ' Exercitationes de 

 Generatione Animaliuin ;' ' Anatomia Tlioina) Parri ;' and nine Letters 

 to celebrated contemporaries on different anatomical subjects. Among 

 the works destroyed were ' Observations de usu Lienis ;' ' De Motu 

 Localt ;' ' Observations Medicinal.-* ' ' De Amore Libidine et Coitu 

 Aniuialiuin ;' ' De Insectoruui Generatione ;' ' De Quontitate Sanguinis 

 Singulia Cordi* PuUationibua Protrusa ;' and ' Tractutum Physiolo- 

 gicum.' Two other manuscript works by him are preserved in the 

 Library of the British Museum ; one, ' De Musculis et Motu Animalium 

 Locali ;' the other, ' De Anatome Universal! ;' in the latter of which, 

 bearing date April 1610, the principal propositions of the doctrine of 

 the circulation are contained. 



(Life, prefixed to his workt ; Sprongel, Ilittory of Medicine.) 

 HAKVKY, WILLIAM, remarkable in English art as n designer 

 for engravings, especially for engravings on wood, was born at 

 Newcastle-upon-Tyne in 1 T'.Ki. At the age of fourteen he was appren- 

 ticed to Thomas Bewick, who was also born at Newcastle, and was 

 there apprenticed to an engraver. [BKWICK.] Bewick has been truly 

 described as "the reviver of wood-engraving," which had almost 

 become a lost art. But his great natural genius as a designer raised 

 him far above the technical excellence of the engraver. When William 

 Harvey became his pupil, lie wick had attained a great reputation. 

 The productions of his workshop included the hnmblett as well a* 

 the highest branches of wood-cutting, from the grocer's tobacco-papers, 

 to the exqouito 'Quadrupeds' and 'Birds,' which he designed and 

 engraved with admirable taste and fidelity. Under such a master 

 young Harvey bad the bent preparation for hi* future labours, lie 

 became one of the mo-t valued assistants of hi* instructor in hi* latter 

 years ; aud engraved the larger portion of the cut* of the ' Fables,' 

 which were published in 1818. Many of the drawings on the wood 



were made by him. Mr. Harvey came to London in 1817, to extend 

 his knowledge of art Under the generous care of Haydon he wont 

 through a course of anatomical study, in company with the Landaeera, 

 Lance, and oilier* ; maintaining himself by designs for wood-engravers, 

 aud working hard as an engraver. From Haydon's picture of ' 1 vnt it us ' 

 he produced one of the largest and most elaborate wood-engravings ; 

 executed with a breadth and finish that have rarely been equalled. 

 But at this period, 1S21, the demand for wood-cuts was comparatively 

 small. Such illustrations were principally confined to school-books, 

 and very few persons were engaged in the profession. In 1824 Mr. 

 Harvey ceased to be an engraver, and elevated himself to that branch 

 in which he has been occupied for more than thirty years that of a 

 designer. The extent of his labours in connection with illustrated 

 books exhibits one of the most remarkable examples of industry in 

 the history of art. But the number of his designs is less surprising 

 than their variety. With that accurate observation of the habits of 

 quadrupeds, which he probably derived from his early studies with 

 Bewick, his zoological illustrations would alone command admiration. 

 Hut in the higher orders of design, whether strictly historical or 

 purely imaginative, the resources of his prolific genius appear rarely 

 to have failed, however hurried the demands upon his taste and 

 invention. The abundance of his works has necessarily involved con- 

 ventional forms which detract from his originality in some cases. To 

 enumerate even the works wholly illustrated by himself would occupy 

 a considerable space. We may mention amongst his earlier labours 

 the Illustrations to Dr. Henderson's ' History of WineV ' The Tower 

 Menagerie,' ' The Zoological Gardens,' and Nurthcote's ' Fables.' 

 Amongst his later ' The Pilgrim's Progress.' Perhaps the book upon 

 which bis fame as a true artist will mainly rest is ' The Thousand 

 and One Nights," translated by Mr. Lane. In the combination of 

 the most luxuriant fancy with the strictest accuracy of costume, tho 

 splendo\ir and grace of oriental life were never more happily pre- 

 sented than in tho hundreds of designs in these three volumes. 

 Many of the imaginative designs to Mr. Knight's ' Pictorial Shakspere ' 

 are also favourable specimens of his ability. As a designer upon wood, 

 Mr. Harvey has given a powerful impulse to the excellence of an art 

 now so widely employed. Ho has always known its limits and capa- 

 bilities ; and in this technical superiority above other designers, ho has 

 contributed to form many of the best of existing engraven. 



HAHWOOD, EDWAKD, a biblical nnd classical scholar of the last 

 century, was born in Lancashire in 1729 and educated as a dissenting 

 minister. In that capacity, after going through various other employ- 

 ment!, he accepted the charge of a congregation at Bristol, in 1765, 

 which however, at the end of five years, he was obliged to quit, in 

 consequence of reports (unfounded it is said) touching his religious 

 opinions, which gave offence to his congregation, and also of a slur 

 cast on his moral character. He then removed to London, devoted 

 the rest of his life to private tuition and literary labour, aud died in 

 distress, January 14, 1794. He used to say that he had written more 

 books than any living author, except Dr. Priestley. (For the list, sea 

 Watt, ' Bibl. Britann.') His reputation as a scholar rorts chiefly on 

 his ' View of the various editions of the Greek and Roman Classics,' 

 1775, fourth and best edition 1790. It has been translated into 

 German and Italian. His ' Biographia C'lassica, the Lives aud Cha- 

 racters of the Greek and Roman Classics,' 1778, a new edition of an 

 old book, with additional matter, is another useful work. Dr. Hat-wood 

 also published an ' Introduction to the Study of the New Testament,' 

 1767; a 'New Translation of the New Testament,' 1768; a new 

 edition of the Greek Testament, with English Notes, 1776, 4c. 



HASDKUBAL, the name of several Carthaginians. 



1. Hasdrubal, the son-in-law of Hamilcar. [II AUU.CAB.] 



2. Hasdrubal, the sou of Hamilcar aud brother of Hannibal. 

 [HANNIBAL] 



3. Hasdrubal, who commanded the Carthaginians in their lost war 

 against the Romans, B.C. 146. 



HASSE, ADOLPH, a composer of great celebrity during the early 

 part and middle of the last century, was born at Borgedorf, near 

 Hamburg, in 1705. When very young, he distinguished himself as a 

 superior tenor Binger, but soon left Germany for Italy, and became 

 first the disciple of Porpora, then of Alessandro Scarlatti. In 17-.'< 

 he produced an opera, ' Sesostrate,' at Naples, which was followed by 

 others in different ports of Italy. In 1783 Hasse, being then in London, 

 was engaged by the noblemen hostile to Handel to compose for tho 

 opposition Italian theatre, at which ho brought out with success his 

 ' ArtMcrne.' He could not however bo persuaded to remain in London, 

 the head-quarters of a cabal he did not approve, but went to Dresden, 

 where ho remained several years. It was there, in 17-15, that Frederick 

 of Prussia heard bis ' Armenio,' which so pleased that warlike, musical, 

 and commonly parsimonious prince, that he sent the composer 1000 

 dollars and a diamond ring. In 1760, at the bombardment of Dresden, 

 liasne lost all his property, including his valuable manuscripts, by tire. 

 In 1763 he was obliged, by changes made in the court of Dresden, to 

 leave that city, ana proceed to Vienna. In that capital he wrote 

 several operas. He finally retired to Venice, wlu-re he produced a 

 grand ' To Deum,' which was performed before the pope in the church 

 of Santo Giovanni. He died in 1783. .Some years previous to his 

 decease he composed a 'Ucquiem' for his own funeral, which was 

 duly applied to the intended purpose, and ia a work affording evidence 



