Ml 



HEBERDEH, WILLIAM, M.D. 



HEERE, LUCAS DE. 



j, bad undergone to much Ubour, traversed M much country, 

 i and rrgulated w much in to short time. On the announce- 

 Mat of hi* dentil the most eminent men at each of the three Presi- 

 dencies and in (Vy Ion united in .bowing thrir regret at the low which 

 they had raitained. At Calcutta it was agreed to erect in the 

 cathedral a monument to hit memory, which wn afterward) executed 

 by Chantrey. A monument, ah by Chantrey, waa erected in St 

 George'* Church, Madras, in testimony of tho public regret At 

 Bombay it was molted to establish, in Bishop's College, Calcutta, 

 one or more schoUnhipe under the title of ' Bishop Uebtr's Bombay 

 Scholarship.' Mural tablets were erected in the churches of Trichi- 

 nopoli and at Colombo in Ceylon. His friends in England placed a 

 monument in St Paul's Cathedral : and in Iloduet church there is a 

 tablet to his memory, the inscription on which was written by 

 Sou they. 



(Life ofKtgimald Hebtr, by his Widow, 2 vols. 4 to, London, 1830. 

 This work contains Selections from his Correspondence, Unpublished 

 Poems, and Prirste Papers ; tho Journal of his Tour in Russia, &c., 

 and a History of the Cossaks. Lait Dayt of Sithop Heber, by the 

 Archbishop of Madras.) 



II KllEHDKX, WILLIAM, M.D., was born in London in 1710. In 

 1724 be was sent to St John's College, Cambridge, of which, six years 

 afterwards, he was elected a fellow. He studied medicine in Cam- 

 bridge and London, and after taking his degree practiced as a physician, 

 and delivered an annual course of lectures on materia medica in that 

 university. In 1746 he was elected a Fellow of the Royal College of 

 Physicians, and toon after left Cambridge, and commenced practising 

 in London, where he at once met with the greatest success, and ob- 

 tained the highest reputation. After thirty years' extensive practice, 

 finding his health declining, he gradually withdrew himself from his 

 profession to retirement in Windsor, where he died in 1801. In 1750 

 he waa elected a Fellow of the Royal Society, and in 1778 an associate 

 of the Royal Society of Medicine in Paris. 



It was at the suggestion of Dr. Heberden that the publication of 

 the Medical Transactions of the College of Physicians was commenced. 

 He contributed many valuable papers to the first volume, which 

 appeared in 1768, and to two succeeding volumes : among them may 

 especially be noticed his paper on the Angina Pectoris, a disease not 

 previously described, and that on the Chicken-pox, which ho first 

 distinguished from the Small-pox. He contributed also some papers 

 to the ' Transactions of the Royal Society ; ' but his principal work 

 was the 'Medical Commentaries,' which he wrote in 1732, and which 

 was published after bis death. It is written in very elegant Latin, 

 and contains the practical results of his lengthened experience. Com- 

 piled from observations which he had always been in the habit of 

 writing by the bedside of his patient, it affords sufficient evidence of 

 an accomplished and observing mind, and of very extensive practical 

 knowledge. (Memoir prefixed to the ' Commentaries.') 



HIICAT.EUS of Miletus, son of Hegesander, and one of the earliest 

 Qreek prose writers, was born probably about B.C. 650. He was 

 present at the deliberation of the Indians (B.C. SOI), and attempted to 

 dissuade them from revolting against the Persian king. (Herod., v. 

 86.) He is also mentioned by Herodotus (v. 125) as being alive at 

 the time of the flight of Aristagoras, B.C. 447. His works, which con- 

 silted of histories, genealogies, and geographical pieces, were held in 

 considerable esteem by the ancients. Herodotus (vi. 137) quotes one 

 of his historical works. Strabo (i. p. 12, Casaubon) complains that 

 his geographical works only contained the descriptions of the poets 

 written in prose; but he is mentioned by Ammianus Marcellinua 

 (xxii. 8.) in conjunction with Eratosthenes and Ptolemy. Hecatteus 

 appears, like Herodotus, to have visited distant countries for tho pur- 

 pose of acquiring information respecting the history, customs, and 

 physical peculiarities of foreign lands. Herodotus (ii. 143) gives an 

 account of a conversation of Hecatteus with the priests at Thebes in 

 BgTpt, which wss apparently derived from his works. 



The fragment* which remain of the writings of Hecattcus have been 

 published by Creuzer in his ' Historicoruin Gracorum Antiquissi- 

 mornm Fragment*,' 8vo, HeideL, 1806; by Klausen, ' Hecataci Milesii 

 Fragmruta, r 8vo, Bert., 1831 ; C. and J. Muller, ' Fragm. Hist Gnec.,' 

 Parto, 1841 ; and in the 'Museum Criticum,' voL i. p. 88-101, Catub., 

 . ~ . '. 



HECTOR ("tJCTUf), the greatest of the Trojan heroes who figure in 

 our accounts of the Trojan war. He was the sou of Priam and 

 Htcuba, and married to Andromache. The poet of the 'Iliad' 

 describe* him not only as a bold and gallant warrior whom Achilles 

 himself dreaded to approach, but as a hero ennobled by all the more 

 tender and humane virtues, so that it almost seems as if tho poet had 

 developed his character with more care than that of any other hero, 

 not even excepting Achilles. Hector is the favourite of hu parents, 

 and himself a happy husband and father. The reader need only be 

 reminded of the beautiful Damages In tho ' Iliad ' (vi. 360, Ac.), where 

 Hector, before going to battle, takes leave of bis wife and child, and 

 where (xxii.), amid the lamentations of his parents, he prepares him- 

 self for the contest with Achilles. Wherever tho battle is fiercest, 

 Hector is foremost, and, protected by tho gods Arcs (Mars) and Apollo, 

 he fight* victoriously against the bravest of the Greeks, such as A jax, 

 Mentor, Diomedcs, and Teucrus. He was foremost among those who 

 stormed the Greek camp, and advanced ai far as the place where their 



ship* were stationed. Pntroclua then camo forward and drove the 

 Trojans back to their city, but was slain by Hector. This calamity 

 roused Achilles from hia inactivity, and, thirsting to avenge the death 

 of his friend, he sought Hector, who, though implored by his parents 

 to save himself, resolved to engage with his enemy. Achilles thrice 

 chased him round the walls of Troy, and finally pierced him with 1>U 

 spear. Hector's body was tied to the conqueror's chariot and dragged to 

 the catnp of the Greeks ; at the funeral solemnities of Patroclus, it 

 wss dragged thrice around his tomb, and then thrown away to be 

 devoured by the dogs ; but at length Achilles gave up the body to 

 Priam, who appeared as a suppliant before him and begged for it 

 The remains of Hector were buried at Troy, where funeral sacrifices 

 were offered to Hector as a hero : at a later time however his remains 

 are said to have been conveyed to Thebes, in pursuance of an oracle. 

 (Paosanias, iii. 18. 9 ; ix. 18. 4.) 



HEEM, JAN DAVITZE DE, one of the most distinguished of the 

 Dutch fruit and flower painters, was born at Utrecht about 1600, and 

 died at Antwerp in 1674. 



HU son Koruelis, or Cornelius, was likewise an excellent painter in 

 the same department 



HEEMSKERK, MARTEN, a celebrated Dutch paiuter, who was 

 born at Heemskerk, near Haarlem, in 1498 : he was the son of a 

 peasant farmer, Jacob Willemeze Von Veen, but be is known only by 

 the name of his birthplace. Marten was employed by his father iu 

 common farm labour, which was particularly distasteful to him. He 

 had given evidence of a talent for the art of design, and his mother 

 was favourable to his plan of becoming a painter. As he was returning 

 home one evening with a pail full of milk upon his head, lost in a 

 reverie about his future prospects, he camo unconsciously in contact 

 with a tree ; the milk was lost, and to Marten's dismay he saw his 

 father hastening up to him with a stick in his hand. 11 is mind waa 

 instantly made up ; he fled to Delft, obtained admission into the house 

 of a painter of the name of Jan Lucas, and became himself a painter 

 He studied afterwards with Jan Schoorel, at Haarlem, and his earliest 

 works of distinction were painted in the style of that master. After 

 painting for some years at Haarlem with great success, he set out, in 

 1532, for Rome, but before he left he presented the Painters' Company 

 at Huarlein with a picture of ' St. Luke pointing tho Virgin Mary,' n 

 picture which is much praised by Van Marnier, aud was long pre- 

 served with great care at Haarlem. In Rome, Marten, known as 

 Martin Tedesco, distinguished himself as an imitator of Michel 

 Angelo ; the jealousy of tho Italians however it is said forced him to 

 return to his own country, after a stay of three years in Italy. 



Heemskerk's early admirers were not at all pleased with the now 

 stjle which be imported from Italy ; he however found many new 

 admirers, and he executed numerous works in this new stylo. In lii.s 

 earlier paintings he belonged to the school of the Van Eycks : his 

 style was simple, earnest, and in character natural ; in hia later 

 paintings he imitated in a manner the antique and the ciuquecento 

 style of Italy, but he caricatured the antique, and caught only the 

 defects of the modern. There are scarcely any works by Heemskerk 

 now at Haarlem ; tome were carried to Spain during the Spanish war, 

 and many were destroyed by the iconoclasts iu the riots of 1566. A 

 ' Last Judgment' by him is at Hampton Court ; and there are n 

 of his earlier works in the Piuakothek, at Munich, which however 

 show that he was not one of the best of tho Van Eyck school. !!> 

 died very rich, and, though twice married, childless, at Haarlem, in 

 1674. The engravings after his works, by various masters, amount to 

 many hundreds. 



(Van Mander, Het Leven der Schilderi, <tc. ; Schopenhauer, Johann 

 Van Eyck und seine Nachfvlger.) 



HEERE, LUCAS DK, a distinguished painter and poet, was born 

 at Ghent in 1534. His father, Jan de Heere, was a good sculptor, and 

 his mother excelled iu miniature painting. Lucas was placed with 

 Frans Floris, after he had made sufficient progress with bis father to 

 benefit by the instruction of Floria. 



De Heere painted in Franco ; and he was in England in the reign 

 of Queen Elizabeth, whom he painted several times. There is a flat- 

 tering allegory of her by him at Hampton Court : it represents Eliza- 

 beth as queen, attended by two maids of honour, coming into the 

 presence of Juno, Minerva, and Venus ; the first is put to flight, the 

 second is astonished, and tho last blushes; as is pretty broadly indi- 

 cated by some Latin verses, probably by De Heere himself, written on 

 the frame. In 1670 Lucas was employed to paint a gallery for 

 Edward, earl of Lincoln, lord high admiral, iu which ho was to repre- 

 sent the costumes of different nations. For England, says Van 

 Mander, he painted a naked man surrounded by all sorts of woollen 

 and silk stall's, with a pair of scissors and a piece of chalk ; and when 

 the admiral asked him to explain it, Lucas said Unit he could not 

 paint the Englishman in any particular costume, as he changed it 

 daily ; he therefore painted him naked, gave him stuff aud shears, and 

 left him to make his own clothes. This however, as Walpole has 

 pointed out, was not an original device ; it is prefixed by Andrew 

 Horde, or Andrea Perforatus as he colls himself, to his ' Introduction 

 to Knowledge.' 



The principal of Lucas's poetical works was tha Garden of Poetry, 

 ' Boomgaard der Poc'eije; ' he commenced also in verse the ' Lives of 

 the Painter*,' but this is lost. He died at Ghent in 1684 : he used for 



