IIKIXE. HKINRICIL 



HEINRICH, CARL FREIDRICH. 



la 1814 to Hamburg, to rewire the necessary inttraoUon and 

 He reminrd thrre till 1819, when hi. father, M well M hU 

 demon Heine, a banker in Hamburg, acquiesced in his wish 

 to be educated for a literary profession, and in the summer of that 

 year he was tent to the university of Bonn, in order to study juris- 

 prudence. In 180 he went to Udttingen, but soon lea it, and in 

 1811 remored to B*rlio, where, in 1822, he puMUhed the first col- 

 lection of hi* poem*, ' Gediohte, von Heinrich Heiue,' 12mo. Some 

 of the earliest of theee production* date M far bok M 1816, and 

 err nl of them had previously appeared In the periodic*! called ' Der 

 Waobter' at Hamburg. He trarelled in Poland in 1822, and after 

 hii return to Berlin published hii remark* in the ' Qesellschafter.' In 

 1823 he publi-luvl his tragedy of ' Almansor,' together with a one-act 

 tragedy named ' William RadcliuY and a ' Lyrisohes Intermezzo.' 

 While he remained at Berlin he also published in ' Der Spracher ' a 

 series of letters under the hea<l of ' Urirfe au Berlin,' which attracted 

 much attention. In 1823 he returned to Gottingen, and resumed hia 

 studies in jurisprudence. On the 30th of July 1825 he took a 

 degree in law, and then proceeded to Hamburg, for the purpose of 

 establishing himself there as an advocate. The practice of the law 

 however seemi to hare been a little suited to the character of his 

 mind, now dereloping itself, as the pursuits of trade. He appears 

 about this time to hare renounced the religion of hi* ancestors for 

 that of the New Testament, in the Lutheran form, but afterwards 

 became an unbeliever. While at Goltiugen, in 1824, he had made a 

 tour in the Han Mountains of which he published an account at 

 Hamburg, 'Die HarzreUe,' 1320. He afterwards made tours to the 

 islands of the Baltic, to England, to South Germany, and to Italy, and 

 wrote a descriptive account of each. The whole of these, including 

 the ' Harareise,' were published at Hamburg under the title of ' Reise- 

 bilder,' Tola. 1-2 in 1826-27, and Tola. 3-4 in 1830-31. These works he 

 hinvelf many years afterwards translated into French under the title 

 of ' Impressions de Voyages.' In 1827 he published at Hamburg 

 another volume of short poems, the ' Bach der Lieder,' and about the 

 same period hia poem of ' Alta Troll, ein Sommernachtstraum.' After 

 his return from England he was employed at Stuttgart as the editor 

 of the ' Neue Politischen Annalen.' He also wrote for the ' Morgen- 

 blatt' and the 'Augsburger Zeitung,' and of the latter he became 

 afterwards the Paris correspondent. 



In 1831 Heine removed to Paris, where ho continued to reside during 

 the remainder of his life. In this year he published his series of letters 



* On Nobility ' ( Ueber den Adcl '), Hamburg, 1831. In 1833 appeared 

 his essays on modern literature in Germany, * Zur Geachiclite der 

 Neuercn Schonen Literattir in Deutschland,' 12mo, Paris and Leipzig, 

 and his remarks on the state of Franco, ' Franzosische Zuatiinde,' 12mo, 

 Hamburg, which is a collection of articles previously published in the 

 ' Augsburg Gazette.' ' Der Salon,' one of the most important of his 

 prose works, was published at Hamburg, in 4 Tola. Svo, 1834-40. 

 About this period he married a Frenchwoman, who was a Roman 

 Catholic, and married her according to the Roman Catholic ritual. His 

 observations on the ' Romantic School ' (' Die Romantische Schule ') 

 appeared in 1836 at Hamburg. In 1840 he published his bitter per- 

 sonal attack on Borne, with whom he had become acquainted when 

 he went to Paris in 1881, ' lleber Ludwig Borne,' Svo, Hamburg. 



In the winter of 1843-44, Heine visited Germany for the last time. 

 After his return to Paris he published his 'Deutschland, ein Winter- 

 nmrcben' ('Winter's Tale'), which is a description of his journey. 

 In 1847 he experienced an attack of paralysis, which deprived him 

 of the sight of one eye ; in other respects he recovered, but another 

 attack in 1848 deprived him of the sight of the other eye also, and 

 inbjccted him likewise to extreme bodily suffering, without at all 

 injuring his mental faculties. He never afterwards left his chamber, 

 but continued his literary labours by the aid of an amanuensis, with 

 a cheerful resignation which was only interrupted occasionally by the 

 severity of his Bufferings. His latest poetical productions were the 

 'Romanoero,' written in 1850-51 ; ' Das Buch des Lazarus,' written in 

 1854, and ' Neuer Fmhling' ('New Spring'), written in 1855. In 

 July 1855 he published at Paris, in the ' Bibliothtque Contemporaine,' 

 a translation of his poems into French prose, under the title of 



Poetnes et Legendes, par Henri Heine.' The translations were made 

 under Us own supervision by his friend, the late Gerard de NervaL 

 A similar translation of the ' Nener FriihUng' appeared in the ' RcVue 

 de* Deux Monde*,' TO!, xi, 1855. His state of bodily suffering, 

 during which he was dutifully attended by Madame Heine, was 

 terminated by his death, on the 17th of February 1856. 



Soon after Heine's desth, his brother, Dr. Qustav Heine, of Vienna, 

 communicated to the ' Fremdenblatt ' of that city some particulars of 

 his lat moments, together with the seventh clause of his will, in 

 which he says, "Though I belong to the Lutheran confession, I do 

 not desire to be followed to the grave by any clergyman of that deno- 

 mination, and I wih to dispense with any other sacred solemnity at 

 my burial This is not the weak fancy of a freethinker. For the 

 last four yean I have cast aside all philosophical pride, and have again 

 felt the power of religious truth." He regrets having so often spoken 

 of sacred subjects in a disrespectful manner, and implores "forgive- 

 n* for any offence which in his ignorance he may have given to good 

 manners and morals, which are the true emanations of all faith." 



Heine wrote French with apparently as much facility as his native 



language, and was a contributor to the periodicals of Paris as well 

 as to those of Germany. His prose-works are distinguished by groat 

 brilliancy of style, and vividness of imagination, but are too often per- 

 vaded by a spirit of sarcasm which has no respect for persons, and 

 are frequently traversed by veins of mockery which touch the most 

 sacred subject*. His poems are distinguished by originality, freshness 

 of feelinz, fine fancy, and extraordinary beauty of versification, aud 

 will probably endure long after his prose, from its want of sincerity, 

 has fallen into comparative neglect The best as well as the most 

 recent translation of his smaller poems is ' Heinrich Heine's Book of 

 Songa, a Translation by John E. Wallis,' 12mo, London, 1856. 



HEIVECCIUS, JOHN GOTTLIEB, born at Kiseuberg, in Saxony, 

 in 1681, was one of the most learned jurists that Germany has pro- 

 duced. He was appointed professor of philosophy at Halle in 1713, 

 and was afterwards professor of law at Franeker in West Friesland, 

 which place he left in 1727 on account of ill-health. He was then 

 appointed professor of law at Frankfurt-on-the-Oder, and lastly he filled 

 the same chair at Halle, where he died in 1741. His principal works 

 are : 1. ' Antiquitatum Romanarum Jurisprudentiam illmtrantiuiu 

 Syntagma, secundum Ordinem Institutionum Justiniani digestum, iu 

 quo multa Juris Romani, atque Auctorum Veterum loca explicautur 

 atque illustrantur,' Svo, 1741 ; a very useful work, which has since 

 been edited by Haubold, 1822. 2. ' Elemeuta Juris Civilia, secundum 

 Ordinem Institutionum.' 3. ' Elementa Juris Civilis secundum Ordinem 

 Pandectarum, commoda Auditoribus Methodo adornata.' This work, 

 which comprises a course of civil law, explains the origin, object, and 

 application of the Tarious laws. 4. ' Historia Juris Civilis Romani ac 

 Germanic!,' published with Hitter's notes, Loyden, 1748. 5. ' Elementa 

 Juris Germaniei, turn Veteris turn Hodierui,' 2 vols. Svo, Hallo, 1738. 

 6. ' Corpus Juris Germaniei Antiqui,' 4to, 173S. 7. ' Prsolectiones 

 Academical in H. Grotii de Jure Belli et 1'acis libros.' 8. ' Kloroenta 

 Juris Naturas et Gentium,' translated into EnglUh under the title of 

 ' A Methodical System of Universal Law, or the Law of Nature and 

 Nations, deduced from Certain Principles and applied to Proper Cases,' 

 by G. Turnbull, 2 vols. Svo, London, 1763. 9. ' Fundamenta Styli 

 Cultioris.' 10. ' Elementa Philosophise Rationalis et Moralis ;' besides 

 academical dissertations, &c. The works of Heinoocius were collected 

 and published at Geneva, 'Opera Orania,' 9 voK 4to, 1771, with 

 additions and notes by his son, John Christopher (GottL) Heineccius 

 who prefixed to the first volume a life of his father. 



HEINECKEN, or HEINECKE, CHRISTIAN HEINRICH, born 

 at Lu'beck the 6th of February 1721, was the son of a painter, Paul 

 Heinecken, and younger brother of Karl Heinrich Heinecken, also on 

 artist, and a writer on the fine arts. Christian Heinrich was an 

 extraordinarily precocious child. At the age of ten months he could 

 speak and repeat every word which was said to him ; wbeu twelve 

 months old he knew by heart the principal events narrated in the 

 Pentateuch ; in his second year he learned the greater part of the 

 history of the Bible, both of the Old and New Testaments; iu his 

 third year he could reply to most questions on universal history and 

 geography, and in the same year he learned to speak Latin and French ; 

 in his fourth year be employed himself with the study of religion and 

 the history of the Church, and he was able not only to repeat what he 

 had read, but also, it is affirmed, to reason upon it, and express his 

 own judgment. The fame of this wonderful child spread widely, and 

 many persons resorted to Liibeck on purpose to see and hear him. 

 The King of Denmark wishing to see him, he was tukan to Copenhagen, 

 and there examined before the court, and pronounced to be a wonder. 

 On his return home he learned to write, but his constitution bt ing 

 weak, he shortly after fell ill Though he rallied for a time, he soou 

 relapsed, and died on the 27th of June 1725, without, it is said, showing 

 much uneasiness at the approach of death. His teacher, Christian von 

 Schbneich, published a narrative of his life, Svo, Liibeck, 1726, and his 

 account is confirmed by many respectable contemporary authorities ; 

 among others Hirsching, in his ' Historisch-literiirisches Handbuch,' 

 3rd part, pp. 62-64 ; the ' Deutsche Bibliothek,' vol. xvii. ; and by most 

 of the journals of the time. See also Jocher, ' Gelehrtenlexicou,' vul. ii., 

 p. 1454 ; and the ' Allgemeine Encyklopiidie der Wisseuschaften MM 

 Kunst,' Leipzig, 1829, art. ' Hrinecken.' Martini published a dis- 

 sertation at Liibeck, 1730, in which he endeavoured to account for the 

 circumstances of the child's early development of intellect 



11 KIN RICH, CARL FREIDRICH, a distinguished German scholar, 

 was born on the 8th of February 1774, at Mosouleben, in the duchy of 

 Saxe-Gotha, where his father was pastor. He received his first edu- 

 cation at the Klosterschule of Dondorf, and afterwards at the Gymna- 

 sium of Gotha, where he enjoyed the instruction of During, Manso, 

 Jacobs, and other eminent scholars. Hoinrich had read the principal 

 Greek writers even before he entered the gymnasium, and his intimate 

 acquaintance with them caused him to be looked upon as a wonderful 

 boy. In 1791 he went to Guttingen, where he became the favourite 

 pupil of Heyne, who made him the tutor of hit son. In 1795 Heinrich 

 was appointed teacher at the Gymnasium of Breslau, and in 1801 he 

 obtained the title of professor. Bottiger, the eminent archaeologist, 

 persuaded him to take an interest in the theatre at Brcslau, and Hein- 

 rich not only exerted himself to raise its character, but wrote several 

 dramas for it, and iu the end became one of the managers of the 

 theatre. In 180* Heyne procured him the professorship of eloquence 

 and of Greek in the University of Kiel Philological studies bad 



