HEINSE, WILLIAM. 



HELIODORUS. 



343 



been greatly neglected there, and Heinrich at first lectured to empty 

 benches, but he soon attracted a great concourse of students. In 

 1819 he was invited to a professorship in the newly-established 

 University of Bonn. He accepted the offer, and henceforth continued 

 to lecture there until his death on the 20th of February 1838. 



Heinrich was a very excellent Latin scholar, though his lectures on 

 Latin authors are very unequal. The best were those on the Satires 

 of Horace, Juvenal, and Persius, for he himself had great satirical 

 talent ; his explanations always excited a most lively interest, being 

 seasoned with his own wit and sarcastic allusions. The philological 

 seminary of Bonn was much indebted to his exertions ; but his per- 

 sonal character was anything but amiable he wus whimsical, incon- 

 stant, and not unfrequently malicious. He published few works, but 

 all of them have great merit ; the following is a list of them : 

 1. 'Epimenides aus Creta, eine kritUch-historische Zusammenstellung 

 aus Bruchstiicken ; nebst Zwei kleiuern antiquarischen Yersuchen,' 

 Leipzig, 1801, 8vo; an excellent critical essay on the life of Epime- 

 iiides and the works attributed to him. 2. ' Lycurgi Oratio in Leocra- 

 tern," Bonn, 1821, 8vo. 3. An edition of Cicero's treatise 'De Re 

 Publica,' Bonn, 1828, Svo, with an extensive critical commentary. He 

 further wrote critical essays in several periodical works, and was one 

 of the editors of Koppen's 'German Commentary on Homer,' in 

 B vols., Hanover, 1791-1823. In the year after Heimich's death his 

 edition of Juvenal, for which all preparations were made before, wag 

 published by his son, in 2 vols. Svo, Bonn, 1839, which is the best 

 edition of Juvenal that we have. (See Long, in the ' Classical 

 Museum,' vol. i. p. 369, Ac.) An edition of Persius, for which 

 Heinrich bad likewise Isft the manuscript ready, was published by 

 Otto Jahn. 



(iVeuer Ntkrolog der Dealtchen ; Lubker und Schroder, Lexicon der 

 Sehlenctg-Uoleteinitch Eutinitcken Kclirifuteller ; Naeke, in the Pro- 

 gramme of the Lectures in the University of Bonn for 1638.) 



HKI.VSK, WILLIAM, was born at Langewiesen, near Ilmenau in 

 Thuringia, in 1749. After passing through a course of legal studies 

 at the University of Jena, he took up his residence at Erfurt, where, 

 being encouraged to apply himself to literature by Wioland, he com- 

 menced his career as an author by a translation of Petronius (1773), 

 which was quickly followed by 'LaiJiuu, or the Eleusiniau Mysteries.' 

 The choice he had shown in selecting the first mentioned work, 

 together with the fidelity with which he adhered to the original, and 

 also many parts of the other, scandalised not only the public, but 

 Wielaud himself. His next productions were loss objectionable for 

 their tendency, being a prose translation of Tasso's ' Jerusalem,' and 

 another of Ariosto's ' Orlando,' both which he is said to have executed 

 during his residence in Italy (1780-83) ; but these tasks did not pre- 

 vent him from giving full scope to his unrestrained passion for enjoy- 

 ment, and with what license he abandoned himself to the gratifications 

 which Italy long the object of his wishes presented to him, may 

 easily be inferred from his ' Ardinghello,' which may be considered in 

 some degree as the record of liis own feelings and opinions, and, while 

 it gives ua much eloquent and impassioned criticism on art, abounds 

 not only with the most dissolute scenes, but with maxims immoral 

 in the extreme. Fortunately the narrative and incident* are so inter- 

 rupted by the dialogue! aud disquisitions on art, that the work can 

 hardly be classed as a romance ; for most of the scenes and characters 

 which belong to it as such are calculated only to corrupt However, 

 if we estimate the critic apart from the novelist, Heinse inuat be 

 allowed to have here manifested an extraordinary sympathy for art ; 

 and although tome of his views of it may be erroneous, he in always 

 original, forcible, and enthusiastic. His ' Dialogues on Music ' were 

 not published till after his death, which happened on the 22nd of 

 June 1803. Besides another romance, entitled ' Hildegard,' he con- 

 tributed a variety of articles to the 'Deutsche Mercur,' and other 

 periodicals, including a critical account of the principal pictures of the 

 Dusseldorf Gallery, in a series of letters to Gleim. A complete edition 

 of his works has been published in 10 Tola. Svo, with a critical aud 

 biographical introduction by Lanbe. 



HEINSIUS, DANIEL, was born at Ghent in 1580 or 1581. He 

 was taken to England at an early age by his father, who was obliged 

 to leave Holland in consequence of the part he took in the wan) which 

 then prevailed in his native country. His father returned to Holland 

 after a short time, and sent hU son, at the age of fourteen, to study 

 law at Franeker. But Heinsius, contrary to the wish of his father, 

 resolved to study ancient literature; and accordingly, after remaining 

 at Franeker only six mouths, he went to Leyden, where he prosecuted 

 the study of the classics' under Joseph Scaligcr. At the age of eighteen 

 he explained the Latin classes in the university, and seven years after- 

 ward* was appointed professor of history and politics. In 1607 he 

 was made librarian and secretary to the university. Heinsius was 

 considered one of the most learned men of hU time, and was repeat- 

 edly solicited by many of the monarch! of Europe to settle in their 

 dominions; but he refused to leave his native country, in which ho 

 died on the 23rd of February 1655, at the age of seventy-five. He 

 held the office of historian to the states of Holland, from which he 

 received a handsome salary. He also took an active part in the theo- 

 logical warfare of the times, and was appointed secretary to the 

 otlebrated synod of Dort in 1618. 

 The name of Heinsius is principally known by bis editions of the 



Greek and Roman classics. But his Latin poems, which are seldom 

 read in the present day, were highly esteemed by his contemporaries ; 

 they were published at Leyden in 1602. He also wrote some poems 

 in his native language, which were published by Petrus Scriverius iu 

 1616. 



The following is a list of the principal classical authors edited by 

 Heinsius : 'Crepundia Siliana, sive notso in Siliura Italicum,' 1600; 

 Theocritus, 1603; Hesiod, 1603; 'Paraphrasis Andronici Rhodii iu 

 Aristotelis Ethica,' 1607, 1617; 'Maxirni Tryrii Dissertationes,' 1607, 

 1614; 'Dissertatio de Nonui Dionysiacis,' 1610; 'Senecte Tragcediae,' 

 1611; 'Aristotelis Poetica,' 1611, 1643; Theophrastus Eresius, 1611, 

 1613; 'Horatius et de Satira Horatiana,' 1612; ' Anitnadversioues et 

 Notae in Horatii Opera,' 1629 ; ' Noto3 et Emendationes in Clementem 

 Alexandrinum,' 1616 ; Terence, IRIS ; ' Paraphraais Perpetua in 

 Politica Aristotelis,' 1621; 'Aristarchus sacer, sive Exercitationes ad 

 Nonni Paraphrasin in Johannem,' 1627; Ovid, 1630, 1653, 1661; 

 Livy, 1620, 1631,1634; Aurelius Prudentius, 1637; ' Exercitationes 

 Sacroe ad Novum Testameiitum,' 1639. Heinsius was also the author 

 of ' Revum ad Sylvam Ducis atque alibi iu Belgia aut a Belgis anno 

 1629 Gestarum Historia,' fol., Leyden, 1631; ' Orationes varii Argu- 

 ment!,' 12mo, Leyden, 1615, 1620. 



HEINSIUS, NICHOLAS, only son of Dauiel Heinsius, was born at 

 Leyden, 29th of July 1620. His education was carefully attended to 

 by his father, and he enjoyed the advice and instruction of Grouovius, 

 Grotius, and other learned men of the time. Nicholas lleiusius 

 visited England iu 1 642, and afterwards went to France, Germany, and 

 Italy, principally with the view of consulting manuscripts of Ovid and 

 Claudian. In 1649 he was invited by Christina, quean of Swedeu, to 

 settle at Stockholm, where he remained till the death of his father iu 

 1655. He resided principally in Holland during th > remainder of his 

 life. He was sent on a public mission to Russia in 1667. He died on 

 the 7th of October 1681. 



Heinsiua edited Claudian, 1650, 1665 ; Ovid, 1652, 1661 ; Virgil, 

 1676; Valerius Flaccus, 1680. His Latin poems were published at 

 Amsterdam in 1666. He also left behind him many manuscript notes 

 on the Latin poets, which have been published by Buriuanu, in his 

 editions of Virgil, Valerius Flaccus, Silius Italicus, Phoo inu, &c. 



(Life of llemsiiu, prefixed to Burmaun's 'Adversaria,' 4to, 1742.) 



HE'LENA, ST., the first wife of Constautius Chlorus, was born of 

 obscure parents, in a village called Drepanuin in Bithynia, which was 

 afterwards raised by her sou Constantino to the rank of a city, under 

 the name of Helenopolis. Her husband Constantius, on being made 

 Cicsar by Diocletian and Maximianus (A.D. 292), repudiated Helena, 

 and married Theodora, daughter of Maximiauui. Helena withdrew 

 into retirement, until her sou Constantiue, having become emperor 

 and triumphed over his enemies, called his mother to his court, and 

 gave her the title of Augusta. Ho also gave her large sums of money, 

 which she employed in building and endowing churches and in relieving 

 the poor. About the year 325 she set out on a pilgrimage to Pales- 

 tine, and having explored the site of Jerusalem, she thought that she 

 had discovered the sepulchre of Jesus Christ, and also the cross on 

 which he died. The identity of the cross which she found has very 

 reasonably been much doubted ; she however built a church on the 

 spot supposed to be that of the Sepulchre, which has continued to bo 

 venerated by that name to the present day. She also built a church at 

 Bethlehem in honour of the nativity of our Saviour. From Palestine 

 she rejoined her sou at Xicomedia, in Bithyuia, where she expired iu 

 the year 327, at a very advanced age. She is numbered by the Roman 

 Church among the saints. (Eusebius, Life of Constant uie ; Hiibuer, 

 l>e Cruci* Dominicie per Helenam inventione, Helmstadt, 1724.) 



HE'LENA, daughter of Constantino the Great aud of Fausta, was 

 given in marriage by her brother Coustantius to her cousin Julian, 

 when he made him Caesar, at Milan, A. I). 355. She followed her 

 husband to his government of Gaul, and died in 359 at Vieune. The 

 historian Aminiaiius Marcellinus (b. xvi., c. 10) reports that the 

 Empress Eusebia bribed Helena's midwife, who occasioned the death 

 of a son, the only child that Helena bore ; aud yet Eusebia had been 

 the constant protectress of her husband Julian. The truth of the 

 story is doubted by Gibbon, iu his ' Decline and Fall ' (ch. xix). 



HELIODO'RUS, was born at Emesa iu Syria, in the fourth century 

 of the Christian era. He was bishop of Tricca in Thessaly, aud is 

 said to have introduced into his diocese the custom of deposing 

 from their office all priests who lived with their wives after their 

 ordination. 



He wrote In his youth a romance in the Greek language entitled 

 ' .E thiupica,' which contains an account of the wonderful adventures 

 of two lovers, Chariclea, the daughter of Hydaspes, king of Ethiopia, 

 and Theageues, a noble Thessalian. It 1ms been remarked that the 

 work of Heliodorus served as a kind of model to the subsequent 

 Greek writers of romance. Though without merit iu point of style 

 and animated description, it belongs to that kind of works of fiction 

 which deal in improbabilities and strange adventure. This work was 

 published for the first time by Obsopoeus, 4to, Basel, 1534; after- 

 wards by Commelinus, Svo, 1596, and has been many times repriuted: 

 the best edition is by Coraes, 2 vols. Svo, Paris, 1804. The 

 '^Cthiopica' has been translated into most of the modern European 

 languages. At least half a dozen other Greek writers of the name of 

 Heliodorus are mentioned. 



