411 



IIKRVKY. JAME3. 



HKSYCIUUS. 



411 



somewhat monotonous. Two rolumM of the** Memoirs were pub- 

 li.hr.1 in KuglUh ID 1 856, under the title of ' My Exile,' and met with 

 rooiiderable sticcees, though they an disfigured by foreign phrase- 

 ology, and are in need of a perpetual commentary of explanation*, 

 The foreign name* are printed with finpulmr carelessness we find 

 Tukowfkr' and ' Plankin' for the potts Zhukovsky and Pushkin, the 

 ' Piior of Hohenlohe' for Prince Hohenlohe, Ac., and there are so 

 mny faults of idiom, that stories which in the Russian are told with 

 perspicuity, are in Knglish turned into riddle*. The originals of these 

 volume* appeared partly under the title of ' Tyurma i Ssuilka ' (' 1'rUon 

 and Kxile'), and partly as articles in the ' Polyarnaya Zviezda' ('The 

 Polar Star'), a Ruuian periodical established in London for the pur- 

 pot* of giving to the world the suppressed poems of Pushkin, Ler- 

 tnontoT, and others, and of conveying to the Russian public the lucu- 

 brations of Louis Blanc, Mazzini, Lelewel, and other friends of Hertzen, 

 as well as Hertzen's own. Two numbers of this magazine hare now 

 (September, 1856) appeared, and in this month a new periodical has 

 been commenced under the same editorship with the title of ' Golosa 

 is Roanii' (' Voices from Russia.') Among other productions of the 

 ' Frre Press,' are ' Prerrannuie Raztkazui' (' Interrupted Tales'), con- 

 listing of sketches of Russian life inserted by Hertzen in Russian 

 periodicals at the time of hia residence in the country, and to which 

 the passages suppressed by the censorship are now restored. They 

 were published under the name of ' Iskander,' the Oriental form of 

 ' Alexander,' it being forbidden that a person under the surveillance 

 of the police should publish under his own name. A Russian political 

 pamphlet entitled ' Property Baptised,' a German one entitled ' Vom 

 A iiiK-i n Ufer,' (' From the Other Shore'), and a French one on the 

 Development of Revolutionary Ideas in Russia,' are the principal 

 remaining works of Hertzen. These pamphlets ore all written with 

 great ability. A series of ' Letters from France and Italy,' 1847-52, 

 may be considered as belonging to the Memoir;. 



HERVEY, JAMES, born in 1714, was educated at Lincoln College, 

 Oxford, where he became acquainted with the first Metlwdists, whose 

 views and society, though he did not enter into their connexion, 

 influenced his course through life. He took orders in the Established 

 Church, devoted his whole life to acts of piety and beneficence, and 

 the sedulous discharge of his clerical duties, and died early, of a 

 decline brought on by labouring beyond his strength, in 1758. For 

 some years preceding he had been rector of Weston-Favell in North- 

 amptonshire. His works are numerous, and all religious ; his style 

 is metaphorical, flowery, diffuse, abounding in turgid declamation and 

 strained fancies. Faulty as it is, it enjoyed its season of extensive 



niularity, and probably has won the notice of many who would hare 

 n less attracted by a purer writer. In doctrine he leaned towards 

 the Calvinistic school. The most popular of hia works were, ' Medi- 

 tations and Contemplations,' 2 vols. 8vo, 1746-47; and 'Theron and 

 Aspaaia, or a series of Dialogues and Letters on the most import- 

 ant Subject",' 1753, both of which have passed through numerous 

 editions, and are still often reprinted. A collection of his letters, 

 with a memoir of Hervey prefixed, was published in 2 vols. 8vo, 

 1760. 



HERVEY, THOMAS KIBBLE, author, the son of a merchant of 

 Manchester, where be was born in 1804. After the usual training at 

 schools, he proceeded to the University of Cambridge, and subse- 

 quently to that of Oxford, but left both without taking a degree. 

 Being intended for the bar, he was placed in the office of a special 

 pleader; but legal studies were abandoned for literature. Mr. Hervey's 

 earliest production was 'Australia and other Poems,' in 1824, an effort 

 elaborated from the sketch of a prize poem. He next edited the ' Friend- 

 ship's Offering ' for 1826, contributing many short pieces rich in feeling 

 and variety of expression. 'The Poetical Sketch-Book,' in 1829, con- 

 tained, with new poems, a collection of his former productions. In 1830 

 he is supposed to have published a satire called ' The Devil's Visit,' 

 which arose amongst the many imitations of Soutbey's 'Devil's Walk.' 

 He pursued bis more legitimate line in 1832, in voL I of ' Illustrations 

 of Modern Sculpture,' a work which was never completed. The 

 Book of Christmas,' a careful and interesting series of descriptions 

 and illustrations of Christmas, ancient and modern, appeared in 1836; 

 and a collection of modern poetry, to which Mr. Hervey largely con- 

 tributed, was edited by him in 1841, under the title of 'England's 

 Helicon in the Nineteenth Century.' This volume contains a poem 

 by Mr. Ruskin, which is probably his earliest production. Through- 

 out all these years Mr. Hervey had contributed to various periodicals, 

 and hia reputation as a man of letters procured him in 1846 the editor- 

 ship of the ' Athenamm' weekly literary journal, which he held until 

 1854. Mr. Hervey married, in 1843, Kleonora Louisa, daughter of 

 George Conway Montague, Esq., member of a collateral branch of the 

 family of the Duke of Manchester. 



ELEOKOB* LOUISA HKBVKT (Mrs. T. K.), wife of the foregoing, 

 was born at Liver]>ool, in 1811, and commenced writing at an early 

 ige, contributing to the numerous Annuals and Keepsakes between 

 1825 and 1840. The earliest volume, published in 1833, was entitled 

 ' The Bard of the Sea King.,' with other poems ; and a silence of 

 some years was broken in 1839 by ' The Landgrave,' a dramatic 

 poem rather than play, in five acts. Mrs. Hervey has also written 

 ' The Poetical Zodiac and Language of Flowers,' of which a new edition 

 was published in 1855, with illustration* by Mr. Doyle. Her tubse. 



quent works are tales, called ' Margaret Russell,' ' The Double Claim,* 

 and 'The Pathway of the Fawn, all of which have met with much 

 approbation from their inculcation of domestic moral*. Mrs. Hervey's 

 genius attracted at a very early period the attention of Mr. Leigh 

 Hunt, literally, to her name, which he has rendered additionally cele- 

 brated in an amusing couplet of his 'Blue-Stocking Revels, or Feast of 

 the Violets': 



" Then Montague, Eleanors Lnuiu, 

 Wu name ever finer 'twlxt Naples and I'ina '. " 



HESIOD (in Greek, HKSIODOS) was a native of Ascra, a village at 

 the foot of Helicon, whither his father had migrated from Cunia in 

 .ttolis. Thence he went to Orchomenos, according to hi* editor 

 Gottling, who thinks that by the line, "Ascra, foul in the cold, 

 oppressive in heat, bad at all times," he expresses resentment at the 

 iniquitous conduct of the Ascrtcan judges with respect to the division 

 of his patrimony. Thirlwall doubts the truth of the interpretation, 

 although Gottling quotes a passage of Paterculus (L 7), which in U; lit 

 by possibility refer to it. These facts are collected from the ' Works 

 and Days,' a poem which there is no reason not to ascribe partially, 

 although only partially, to Hesiod. Plutarch tells us that he met hia 

 death in consequence of the suspicions of some young men regarding 

 their sister's honour, and we learn front Pausanias that he was revered 

 in later times as a hero. 



The only works that remain under the name of Hesiod are, ' The 

 Theogony,' ' The Shield of Hercules,' and the ' Works and Days.' 



The Boeotians themselves are said to have considered the last as 

 Heoiod's, although they doubted the authenticity of the other works 

 ascribed to him ; but the ingenuity of modern times professes to dis- 

 cover interpolations even in this poem, which consists of advice given 

 by Hesiod to his brother Peraes, on subjects relating for the most 

 part to agriculture and the general conduct of life. Whatever may be 

 the decision which is arrived at regarding the authorship, we think 

 one thing must bo very evident to all who read the poem, that in its 

 present state it shows want of purpose and of unity too great to be 

 accounted for otherwise than on the supposition of its fragmentary 

 nature. L'lrici considers the moral and the agricultural instruction as 

 genuine, the story of Prometheus and that of the Five Ages as much 

 altered from their original Hesiodic form, and the description of Winter 

 as latest of all 



The ' Theogony ' is perhaps the work which, whether genuine or 

 not, most emphatically expresses the feeling which ii supposed to 

 have given rise to the Hieratic school, or that school of epic poetry 

 which is connected with the religious life of the Greeks in the same 

 way 09 Homer and the heroic poets were with the political It con- 

 sists, as its name expresses, of an account of the origin of the world, 

 including the birth of the gods, and making use of numerous personi- 

 fications. This has given rise to a theory that the old histories of 

 creation, from which Hesiod drew without understanding them, were 

 in fact philosophical and not mythological speculations ; so that the 

 names which in after-times were applied to persons, had originally 

 belonged only to qualities, attributes, &,c. ; and that their inventor had 

 carefully excluded all personal agency from his system. This much 

 we may safely assert respecting the ' Theogony,' that it points out one 

 important feature in the Greek character, and one which, when that 

 character arrived at maturity, produced results of which the 

 ' Theogony ' is at best but a feeble promise ; we mean that speculative 

 tendency which lies at the root of Greek philosophy. 



The 'Shield of Hercules ' is a fragment, or rather a cluster of frag- 

 ments ; some of them by very late Rhapsodists who copied, according 

 to Aristophanes the grammarian, from Homer's description of the 

 shield of Achilles. 



Those who are desirous to pursue the subject of the ' Theogony,' 

 will do well to consult Ulrici, ' Geschichto der Helleu. Dichtkunst,' 1, 

 360, 199; Hermann and Creuzer's ' Briefe iiber Homer und Hesiod ;' 

 Creuzer, ' SymboUk ; ' and especially Thirl wall's ' History of Greece,' 

 and Muller's ' Prolegomena.' 



The best modern editions of Hesiod are Guttling' s (in 1 vol. 8vo, 

 published in the ' Bibliotheca Ursoca'), second edition, with notes, 

 1843; and Dindorfs, Leipzig, 1825, 8vo; the Scholia on Hesiod are 

 printed in the third volume of Gaisford's 'Poets} Grteci Minores.' 



IIKSSK, WILLIAM, LANDGRAVE OF, was born at Cossel about 

 the middle of the 16th century, and died in the year 1597. He 

 immortalised his name by the encouragement which he gave to all 

 kinds of philosophical research, and more particularly by the zeal with 

 which he endeavoured to advance the science of astronomy. With 

 the assistance of Christopher Rothmann and Juste Byrge, ho erected 

 an observatory, and furnished it with the best instruments that were 

 then obtainable. His observations, which are said to have been of a 

 very curious nature (Hutton's ' Dictionary '), were published at Leyden 

 twenty-one years after his death, by Willebrod Suell, and are spoken 

 of by Tycho Brand, both in his ' Epistles ' and in the second volume 

 of ' Progymnasuitttu.' (Martin, JSiograplaa PIMotophica, London, 

 1764, p. 248.) 



HESY'CHIUS. There is a valuable Greek Lexicon extant, bearing 

 the name of this author, of whom however nothing except the name 

 is certainly known ; he is supposed to have lived in the 6th or 6th 

 century after the Christian era. That which has come down to us is 



