II'. 



HKYWOOD. THOMAS. 



HIKUON I. 



1V.11. In Dodslry'. 'Old Plays' will b found hi ' PUy called the 

 Four* P. 1' , a new nnd vrry mery Enterludc of a Palmer, Pardoner, 

 a r,.'jcary, a PedUr,' which is a fair specimen of hu UDdramatic 

 arraogemenU and of the grotesque ooarseneas of hi* humour. Among 

 th* other productiona bearing hi Dam* wu a potthumoui volume of 

 Woorkea, 1574, 4to, which oontaina proverbs in veno, and six 

 hundred epigrams, by which in hit own time he wm probably beat 

 known. In respect of them, and to distinguish him from a later play- 

 writ, r [HETWOOO, THOMAS i be is not unfrequently called 'The 

 Epigrammatist.' 



IIKVW.Mi]), THOMAS, was a well-known dramatist who lived in 

 the reigns of Elizabeth, James I., and Charles I., though, like many of 

 bis contemporaries, the data of his birth and death are unknown. He 

 has been compared to the Spaniard Lope de Vega for fertility, and in 

 his preface to the English Travellers' has himself acknowledged that 

 there are two hundred and twenty plays in which he had " either an 

 entire hand, or at least a main finger." The practice of two or mora 

 authors uniting to form one play was very common among our old 

 dramatists [CIIETTLK, HENRY]. Of all these pieces about twenty-four 

 are left, of which 'A Woman killed with Kindness,' published in 

 Dodslcy's ' Collection,' is much admired. 



11 K/KKIAII, King of Jurist], was the son of Ahaz, and was born 

 B.C. 751. At the age of twenty-five he succeeded his father, and the 

 events of his reign are recorded in the Second Book of King*, in the 

 Second Book of Chronicle*, and in Isaiah. He abolished tha idolatry 

 practised by his father, even breaking to pieces " the brazen serpent 

 that MoKes had made," which had become an object of worship. He 

 purified the temple, restored the Levitea to their function!), invited 

 the tribes of Israel to attend the passover, and did all ho could to 

 re-establish the worship of the true Qod. In temporal affair* be 

 displayed a like energy ; he threw off the Assyrian yoke to which his 

 father bad submitted himself in order to obtain the assistance of 

 Titlsth-Pileser ngainst Ke/.in king of Syria, who however had taken 

 tribute from Ahaz, and " distressed him but strengthened him not." 

 Ht-zekiah soon after bis accession carried on a successful war against 

 the Philistines, but in the fourth year of his reign, Shalmaneser (also 

 known as Sargon), the successor of Tiglath-Pileser, attacked Hoehea, 

 king of Israel, captured most of his towns, took Samaria after a long 

 siege, and carried away the ten tribes into captivity. Hezekiah was 

 probably alarmed at this approach of the Assyrian power, and seems 

 to have sought the assistance of Tirbakab, king of Upper Egypt. In 

 the fourteenth year of bis reign the fears of Hezekiah were realised, 

 Sennacherib invaded Judtca with a large army; and though there is 

 no account in the Scriptures of any battle with the Egyptians, yet the 

 expressions in '2 Kings, chap xviii., that trusting to Egypt was leaning 

 on a bruised reed, and the passage in Isaiah (chap, xxvii.) of Tirhakah 

 having come forth to war, renders it probable that a battle did occur ; 

 and this is confirmed by the discoveries made by Mr. Layard in that 

 part of the ruins of Nineveh now called Koyunjik, where a record has 

 been found in the palace, supposed to have been built by himself, of 

 six years of Sennacherib's reign. This record consists of an inscription 

 in the cuneiform character on a series of colossal bulls. The 

 inscription has been translated by Dr. Hiucks of Dublin, and by Sir 

 II. C. HawlinEon. The variations are not material, and the record 

 almost entirely agree* with the Scriptures. This record states that 

 the Egyptians were defeated ; it then relates the submission of Heze- 

 kiah, and the carrying away of 30 talents of gold and 800 of silver 

 (in 2 Kings it is said 300), the treasures of his palace, and his sous and 

 daughters. There is also a distinct account of the taking of Lachi-b, 

 and a representation of the suppliant messengers of Hezekiah ; but it 

 does not claim the taking of Jerusalem, and there is no allusion to 

 the destruction of the Assyrian army by the plague, the angel of the 

 Lord who " smote in the camp of the Assyrians an hundred fourscore 

 and five thousand," after which Sennacherib returned and dwelt in 

 Babylon. Herodotus has related also the failure of Sennacherib, but 

 a* bis information was from an Egyptian Fource it takes a peculiar 

 colouring. He says Sennacherib, invading Egypt, was attacked in the 

 night by myriads of field-mice, which ate the bow-string?, quiver*, 

 straps of shields, Ac., to that bis toldiera fled in great disorder. The 

 Scriptures relate that he was killed by his sons. This is not found in 

 the record, but be wu succeeded by Eearhaddon several years after 

 his return from Judera. The next event* in the life of Hezekiah were 

 the going back of the shadow on the dial of Ahaz, as a proof of the 

 Lord's compliance with his prayer for life; and the exhibiting of the 

 treasure* of the kingdom to the ambassador of Merodach-Baladau, 

 king of Babylon, for which Isaiah predicted that all should be carried 

 away to that city. Hezekiah died after a reign of twenty -nine years, 

 and was succeeded by bis sun Manaoseh. 



HICKE8, QEORQE, an eminent English divine and philologist, 

 waa born June 20, 1642, at Newsham, in Yorkshire, where his parents 

 were settled in a Urge farm. Ho was first sent to the grammar-school 

 of North Allerton, and in 1659 to St. John's College, Oxford, whence 

 he removed first to Magdalen Coll' ge, afterwards to Magdalen Hall, 

 and in 1664 was chosen Fellow of Lincoln College. In 1G65 he became 

 If .A., and was admitted into order* in KiC6. In 1673 he travelled 

 with Sir George \Vheler in France. In 1676 he was made chaplain to 

 the Duke of Lauderdale, whom he accompanied in the following yew 

 to Edinburgh, when his grace wu appointed high .commissioner to 



the Church of Scotland. In 1679 he was created D.D. at Oxford, 

 having received the same degree the year previous from the University 

 of Glasgow. Between 1679 and 1683 be had several preferments, and 

 in August wu mad* Dean of Worcester. In 1688 he refused to take 

 the oaths of allegiance, fell under suspension in 1689, and in the 

 month of February following was deprived. Ha was subsequently 

 consecrated suffragan Bishop of Thetford by Archbishop Bancroft. 

 He died of the stone, December 15, 1715. 



Dr. Hickes wu a man of general learnintr, deeply real in the 

 fathers, and particularly skilful in the northern languages. Kin 

 controversial piece* on politics and religion, especially those against 

 popery, are very numerous, but for the most part have fallen into 

 oblivion. The work which goes by the name of bis ' Thesaurus, or 

 Treasure of the Northern Tongues,' in 3 vols. fol., Oxford, 1705, U 

 that which is most likely to sustain his literary reputation. 



HIK'RUCLES, the name of several Greeks: 



1. HIEROCLES, a rhetorician of Alabanda, in Caria, lived in the 

 beginning of the first century before the Christian era. He excelled in 

 what Cicero termed the Asiatic style of eloquence. ('De Orat., 1 



< Brutu-,' c. 95.) 



2. HIEROCLES, a Stoic philosopher, lived in the time of Hadrian, or 

 perhaps later. (' Qell.,' ix. 5.) 



3. HIEROCLKS, a lawyer, wrote a work on veterinary medicine, 

 addressed to Cassianus BOSSUB, of which three chapters are preserved 

 in the 16th book of the ' Oeoponica,' published by Need ham, Camb., 

 1704, pp. 424, 425. 



4. HIEROCLES, who probably lived in the 6th century, was the 

 author of a work entitled ' Syneodemos ' (SwfK&nnos), that i 

 Travelling Companion,' which gives an account of the provinces and 

 towns of the Eastern empire. The ' Syuecdcmos ' is printed by 

 Wesseling in his ' Vetera Uomanorum Itinera,' Aunt., 1735. 



5. HIEROCLES, pnefect of Bithynia, and afterwards of Alexandria, is 

 said by Lactautius (' Inst. Uivin.,' v. 2; 'De Morto Persec.,' c. 17) to 

 have been the priucipal adviser of the persecution of the Christians 

 in the reign of tho Emperor Diocletian. He also wrote two books 

 against Christianity, entitled A<(yoi 4>iAoAq0fis irp)n roiis \purTtiu>jv\ 

 ('Truth-Loving Words to the Christians'), in which, according to 

 Lactantius, " he endeavoured to show that the sacred Scriptures over- 

 throw themselves by the contradictious with, which they abound; he 

 particularly insisted upon several texts as inconsistent with, each other; 

 and indeed on so many, and so distinctly, that one might suspect he 

 had sometime professed the religion which he now attempted to 

 expose. He chiefly reviled Paul and Peter, and the other disciples, as 

 propagators of falsehood. He said that Christ was banished by the 

 Jews, and after that got together 900 men, and committed robbery. 

 He endeavoured to overthrow Christ's miracles, though ho did not 

 deny the truth of them ; and aimed to show that like things, or even 

 greater, had been done by Apollonius." (' Inst. Divin.,' v. 2, 3.) 



6. HIEROCLES, a celebrated Alexandrine philosopher of the 5th 

 century, wrote u 'Commentary upon the Golden Verses of Pythagoras,' 

 which is still extant; and also a ' Discourse on Foreknowledge aud 

 Fate,' of which Photius has preserved large extract*. Stobacus has 

 also preserved the fragments of several other works, which are 

 ascribed to Hierocles. The Greek text of the ' Commentary on tho 

 Golden Verses of Pythagoras ' was first published by Curterius, Paris, 

 1583; reprinted at London, 1654 ; and has also been published at 

 London, 1742, and Padua, 1744. The fragments of the 'Discourse on 

 Foreknowledge and Fate,' in which Hierocles attempts to reconcile the 

 free-will of man with the foreknowledge of God, have been edited by 

 Jlorell (Paris, 1593, 1597), and by Pearson (London, 1655, 1673) ; the 

 latter edition contains the fragments of the other works of Hierocles. 

 A complete edition of his works was published by Needham, ( ini 

 bridge, 1709. The 'Discourse on Foreknowledge and Fate' wu 

 translated into French by Kegnaud, Lyon, 1560. Grotius translated 

 part of this work into Latin in his ' Sentential Philo&ophorum do Fato,' 

 Paris, 1624 ; Amst, 1648 ; reprinted in the third volume of his theo- 

 logical works, 1679. The ' Commentary on the Golden Ventes' has 

 I" en translated into English by Hall, London, 1657 ; Norris, London, 

 1682; Kayner, Norw., 1797; and into French, by Dacier, Paris, 

 1706. 



There is also another work, entitled ' Asteia ' ('Ao-rem), which 

 contains an account of the ridiculous actions aud sayings of pedants, 

 frequently printed with the editions of Hierocles ; but it was pro- 

 bably written by another individual of the same name. This work is 

 translated into English in the ' Gentleman's Magazine ' for September 

 1741. 



HI'EUON I., succeeded his brother Gelon, as tyrant or ruler of 

 Syracuse, B.C. 4 78. He committed many acts of violence, encouraged 

 spies, aud kept a mercenary guard about his person. He was ambi- 

 tious of extending his dominion, and his attempts proved successful. 

 After the death of Theron, prince of Agrigeutum, Hicron defeated his 

 son Thrasydsous, who waa soon after expelled by his countrymen. 

 Hieron took Naxua and Catana, and having driven away the inhabit- 

 ants from both towns, he replaced them by Syracusanand Peloponnesian 

 colonists. He changed the name of Catana into that of /Etna, and lie 

 himself assumed the name of -Ktnoons, Having joined his fleet to that 

 of the people of Cumte, he succeeded in clearing the Tyrrhenian sou 

 of tho Etruscan nnd other pirates which infested it His chariots 



